Arthropoda PDF

ČLÁNKONOŽCE  largest animal group  heterogenous segmentation  coleom – reduced, forms mixocoel (with haemolymph)  BODY strucutre:  3 body parts: head, thorax, abdomen  2 body parts: cephalothorax, abdomen  segmented legs – 6 and more  Cuticle  Regular ecdysis  IS – epidermi...

ČLÁNKONOŽCE  largest animal group  heterogenous segmentation  coleom – reduced, forms mixocoel (with haemolymph)  BODY strucutre:  3 body parts: head, thorax, abdomen  2 body parts: cephalothorax, abdomen  segmented legs – 6 and more  Cuticle  Regular ecdysis  IS – epidermis, cuticle  SS – exoskeleton  MS – striated muscles  DS – various, have specialized mouthparts  CS – open, tubulous heart  RS – gills, pulmonary sacs, tracheae  ES – maxillary or antennal glands, Malphigian tubule system  NS – gangliated, ladder-like, but higher concentration of ganglia  SS – compound eyes, antennae,...  RS – gonochorists, sexual dimorphism, development – direct or indirect 4 subphyla: 1) Trilobitomorpha 2) Chelicerata 3) Branchiata 4) Tracheata  extinct  homonomous segmentation  3 parts: head, thorax and cluster of segments  legs made of 2 segments  armour  cephalothorax + abdomen  4 pairs of legs  exoskeleton  extracorporeal digestion  RS: tracheae, pulmonary sacs  ES: modified metanephridium or Malphigian tubule system  SS: simple eyes  RS: gonochorists, sexual dimorphism, direct or indirect development  predacious or ectoparasites  have chelicers and pedipalps on cephalothorax  poisonous glands  spinnerets  species:  Water spider =Argyroneta aquatica = pavúk vodný  European garden spider = Cross spider = Araneus diadematus = križiak obyčajný  Common house spider = Tegenaria domestica= kútnik domový  Harvestman = Opilio parietinus = kosec domáci = kliešť obyčajný  Sheep tick = Ixodes ricinus = kliešť obyčajná  Euscorpius carpathicus = šťúr karpatský  Crab spider=homisus albus = kvetárik menlivý  cephalothorax + abdomed  many legs  thick exoskeleton – armour  RS: gills  ES: antennal or maxillary glands  SS: 2 pairs of antennae, statocyst, compound eyes  RS: gonochorists, direct or indirect development, larval stages (nauplius, zoea)  2 pairs of antennae, mandibles + 2 pairs of maxillae  species: Water flea = Daphnia pulex = daphnia obyčajná Copepod= Cyclops strenuus = cyklop obyčajný European crayfish = Astacus astacus = rak riečny  species: European lobster = Homarus vulgaris = homár European spiny lobster = Palinurus vulgaris = langusta  head + thorax + abdomen  3 pairs of legs  exoskeleton  DS: metamorphosed mouth organs (piercing, sucking, licking)  RS: tracheae  ES: Malphigian tubule system  SS. 1 pair of antennae  gonochorists, direct or indirect development (complete or incomplete metamorphosis)  1 pair of mandibles, 2 pairs of maxillae  can have wings  system – 3 classes: a) Diplopoda (mnohonôžky) b) Chilopoda (stonožky) (brown centipede=Lithobius forficatus = stonôžka obyčajná) b) Insecta – 2 subclasses: i.Subclass: Apterygota - wingless ii.Subclass: Pterygota - winged  Silverfish = Lepisma saccharina = švehla domáca ORDER: EPHEMEROPTERA (MAYFLIES)  mayfly= Ephemera vulgata (podenka obyčajná) ORDER: ODONATA (DRAGONFLIES) Broad-bodied chaser=Libelulla depressa (vážka ploská) Brown hawker = Aeschna grandis (šidlo veľké) ODRER DERMAPTERA (EARWIGS) Common earwig = Forficula auricularia (ucholak obyčajný) ODRER BLATTODEA (COCKROACHES) German cockroach = Blatella germanica (rus domový) Oriental cockroach = Blatta orientalis (šváb obyčajný) ODRER ENSIFERA  Great green bush-cricket= Tettigonia viridissima (kobylka zelená) Field cricket = Gryllus campestris (svrček poľný) ODRER MANTODEA European mantis= Mantis religiosa (modlivka zelená) ODRER CAELIFERA Stripe-winged grasshopper= Stenobothrus lineatus (koník čiarkovaný)  ODRER ANOPLURA  Head louse = Pediculus capitis (voš detská)  ODRER HETEROPTERA  Common-pondskater=Gerris lacustris (korčuliarka obyčajná)  Water measurer = Hydrometra stagnorum (vodomerka štíhla) Bed bug= Cimex lectularius (ploštica posteľná) Firebug - Pyrrhocoris apterus (cifruša bezkrídla) II) SUBCLASS: PTERYGOTA - HEMIMETABOLA II) SUBCLASS: PTERYGOTA - HEMIMETABOLA II) SUBCLASS: PTERYGOTA - HEMIMETABOLA  House mosquito = Culex pipiens (komár piskľavý)  Anopheles maculipennis (anopheles škvrnitý)  Biting-horsefly = Tabanus bovinus (ovad hovädzí)  Housefly = Musca domestica (mucha domová)  Common fruit fly = Drosophila melanogaster (drosofila obyčajná/ vínna/ovocná muška)  Flesh fly - Sacrophaga carnaria (mäsiarka obyčajná)  Red wood ant = Formica rufa (mravec lesný)  Common wasp = Vespa vulgaris (osa obyčajná)  Buff-tailed bumblebee= Bombus terrestris (čmeliak zemný)  Western honey bee = Apis mellifica (včela medonosná)  Red admiral = Vanessa atalanta (babôčka admirálska)  Death‘s –head hawkmoth = Acherontia atropos (lišaj smrtihlav)  Swallowtail = Papilio machon (vidlochvost feniklový)  Silkworm = Bombyx mori (priadka morušová) II) SUBCLASS: PTERYGOTA - HOLOMETABOLA  Cabbage butterfly = Pieris brassicae (mlynárik kapustový)  Common clothes moth = Tineola bisselliella (moľa šatová)  Great diving beetle = Dytiscus marginalis (potápnik obrúbený)  Cockchafer = Melolontha melolontha (chrúst obyčajný)  Stag-beetle = Lucanus cervus (roháč veľký)  Burying beetle = Necrophorus vespillo (hrobárik obyčajný) II) SUBCLASS: PTERYGOTA - HOLOMETABOLA  Firefly beetle = Phausis splendidula (svetluška menšia)  Red-brown longhorn beetle = Leptura rubra (fúzač obyčajný)  European rhinoceros beetle = Oryctes nasicornis (nosorožtek obyčajný)  Seven-spot ladybug = Coccinella septempunctata (lienka sedembodková) Colorado potato beetle - Leptinotarsa decemlineata (pásavka zemiaková) Spruce-bark beetle = Ips typographus (lykožrút smrekový) II) SUBCLASS: PTERYGOTA - HOLOMETABOLA