Bacterial Diseases Overview - Routes, Symptoms & More

Chapter 11 Bacterial Diseases  Rickettsia rickettsii – Disease in Depth pg.566 Disease: Rocky mountain spotted fever Route of Transmission: tick bite Symptoms: rash (also on the soles and palms), fever, headache, death as a result of kidney and heart fa...

Chapter 11 Bacterial Diseases  Rickettsia rickettsii – Disease in Depth pg.566 Disease: Rocky mountain spotted fever Route of Transmission: tick bite Symptoms: rash (also on the soles and palms), fever, headache, death as a result of kidney and heart failure Brucella melitensis Disease: brucellosis or undulate fever Route of Transmission: direct handling of infected animals or unpasteurized milk Symptoms: malaise (general weakness and tiredness), swollen lymph nodes and fever that spikes every evening, heavy sweating  Bordetella pertussis – Disease at a Glance 22.3 Disease: Whooping cough (pertussis) Route of Transmission: Respiratory route Symptoms: catarrhal stage, paroxysmal stage, and convalescence phase  Neisseria gonorrhoeae - Disease at a Glance 24.4 Disease: Ophthalmia neonatorum, Gonorrhea and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)  PID – Disease at a Glance 24.3 Route of Transmission: via birth canal or sexually Symptoms: males – painful urination and pus discharge; females – asymptomatic unless spreads to PID Neisseria gonorrhoeae Discharge Salpingitis  Pseudomonas aeruginosa Disease at a Glance 19.1 Disease: Dermatitis (inflammation of the skin), outer ear infections, infections of burns and cystic fibrosis patients Route of Transmission: water borne, direct contact, nosocomial infections Symptoms: opportunistic pathogen, can colonize hair follicles and cause a self-limiting rash, infected Fig. 19.8 areas exhibit blue-green pus due to pigment Moraxella lacunata Disease: conjunctivitis (pink eye) Route of Transmission: direct contact Symptoms: inflammation of the membrane that covers the eye and lines the eyelids Legionella pneumophila Disease: Legionnaire’s disease or legionellosis Route of Transmission: respiratory route Symptoms: high fever, cough, and general symptoms of pneumonia Coxiella burnetii Disease: Q fever Route of Transmission: transmitted by aerosols from animals or by contaminated milk from cows Symptoms: fever, severe headache, can develop into hepatitis and endocarditis  Vibrio cholerae – Disease at a Glance 23.5 Disease: cholera Route of Transmission: contaminated water or foods Symptoms: profuse, watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever absent Loss of electrolytes and fluids shock and death Escherichia coli Disease: urinary tract infection (UTI) and traveler’s diarrhea Route of Transmission: fecal/oral Symptoms: UTI – frequent painful/burning urination, difficulty voiding bladder, cloudy foul-smelling urine, blood in urine, abdominal pain, fever Disease in Depth pg.752  Salmonella species Disease at a Glance 23.4 Disease: salmonellosis Route of Transmission: fecal/oral route Symptoms: nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea 12-36 hours after ingestion, fever from endotoxin Source is often uncooked eggs and meat products Shigella dysenteriae Disease: bacillary dysentery or shigellosis and traveler’s diarrhea Route of Transmission: fecal/oral route Symptoms: bloody, mucoid diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, intense inflammation, also produces a neurotoxin  Klebsiella pneumoniae Figure 22.8 Disease: urinary and respiratory tract infections Route of Transmission: normal flora or by direct contact Symptoms: survives well on hands, a major cause of septicemia in children and pneumonia in alcoholics Septicemia = proliferation of bacteria in the blood, accompanied by fever; sometimes organ damage  Yersinia pestis - Fig 21.5 Disease: bubonic plague and pneumonic plague Route of Transmission: flea bite in bubonic form; respiratory route for pneumonic form Symptoms: bruising and buboes (enlarged lymph nodes) Figure 21.6 Haemophilus influenzae capsular type b (Hib) Disease: meningitis, earaches, epiglottitis, septic arthritis, bronchitis and pneumonia Route of Transmission: airborne transmission Symptoms: begins with headache, light sensitivity, fever, and neck stiffness  Can lead to convulsions and coma Campylobacter Figure 23.7 Disease: outbreaks of food borne intestinal disease  Leading cause of food borne illness in U.S. Route of Transmission: food borne Symptoms: diarrhea, abdominal cramps and fever; no vomiting Associated with poultry, milk and water  Helicobacter – Disease at a Glance 23.2 Disease: gastritis (inflammation of the stomach) and gastric ulcers Route of Transmission: unknown Symptoms: strongly associated with stomach cancer Fig 23.4 Ulceration of stomach wall Clostridium tetani – Disease at a Glance 20.2 Disease: Tetanus or lockjaw Route of Transmission: puncture wound Symptoms: headaches, fever, irritability and paralysis of face and neck Figure 20.8(a) Figure 20.8(b) Figure 20.7 Clostridium botulinum – Disease at a Glance 20.1 Disease: botulism Route of Transmission: ingestion of toxin or bacilli Symptoms: nausea, no fever, diplopia (double vision), and dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)  May die from respiratory and cardiac failure Figure 20.6 Clostridium perfringens Disease at a Glance 19.3 Disease: gas gangrene and food poisoning  Necrosis = death of tissue  Gangrene = loss of blood supply Clostridium difficile Disease: antibiotic associated diarrhea Transmission: normal gut flora or fecal/oral route Thrives under antibiotic selection; rapidly fatal in compromised hosts  Bacillus anthracis – Disease at a Glance 19.2 Disease: anthrax Route of Transmission: respiratory route or spore entrance through abrasions Symptoms: endospores can survive up to 60 years, cattle acquire spores by grazing, humans get disease by handling cow products or respiratory; site develops black necrotic pustule followed by septicemia, results in pneumonia Staphylococcus aureus Fig 19.2 Disease: folliculitis (pimples), impetigo in neonates, sty (follicle of lash), boils (furuncle), carbuncles (progressively expanding infections, hard, round deep inflamed regions), post operative infections, catheter infections, scalded skin syndrome, food poisoning Route of Transmission: normal flora and post-operative infections  MRSA Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Fig 19.3 scalded skin syndrome Impetigo - Figure 19.4 Streptococcus Disease: strep throat, ear, sinus and tonsil infections, puerperal sepsis, impetigo in older children and adults, erysipelas, Scarlet fever, rheumatic fever Route of Transmission: respiratory or direct contact  Necrotizing fasciitis Disease in Depth pg. 560 “flesh-eating bacteria” Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat) Disease at a Glance 22.1 Enterococcus faecium and faecalis Disease: urinary tract infection, endocarditis, post operative infections Route of Transmission: normal flora or nosocomial Symptoms: frequent painful/burning urination, difficulty voiding bladder, cloudy foul-smelling urine, blood in urine, abdominal pain, fever Endocarditis Disease at a Glance 21.1 Potentially fatal inflammation of the endocardium Listeria monocytogenes - Disease in Depth pg. 602 Disease: listeriosis (meningitis in neonates and immunocompromised) Route of Transmission: food borne or in utero Symptoms: may be asymptomatic in healthy people  Pregnant women advised against eating uncooked foods (dairy)  Primary Atypical Pneumonia Fig 22.7 Mycoplasma pneumonia Disease: atypical pneumonia Route of Transmission: respiratory Symptoms: causative agent of walking pneumonia Mycobacterium tuberculosis – Disease in Depth pg. 686 Disease: tuberculosis Route of Transmission: respiratory droplet transmission Symptoms: weight loss, coughing, rust colored sputum, chest pain, malaise, night sweats Pathogenesis  Corynebacterium diphtheriae Disease: diphtheria Route of Transmission: spread by respiratory aerosol Symptoms: sore throat, fever, malaise and swelling of the neck Figure 22.2 - Can result in heart, kidney or nerve damage  Gardnerella vaginalis – Figure 24.4 Disease: vaginitis (inflammation of the vagina) Route of Transmission: normal flora in most women or their sexual partners Symptoms: sensitive to pH changes, foul odor and discharge Chlamydia trachomatis Disease: trachoma (infection of the conjunctiva of the eye), nongonococcal urethritis, PID and lymphogranuloma venereum Route of Transmission: STD or by direct contact Most common sexually transmitted disease and leading cause of infertility Lymphogranuloma venereum Figure 24.8 Fig 20.18 - Trachoma Greatest single infectious cause of blindness in the world today  Inadequate sanitation Treponema pallindum - Disease at a Glance 24.5 Disease: Syphilis Route of Transmission: sexually or congenitally (acquired at birth) transmitted Symptoms: primary, secondary, and tertiary syphilis Syphilis Primary infection: small hard based chancre (ulceration or sore) for only a few days, painless Secondary infection: wide spread skin rash even on palms, flu-like symptoms, highly infectious Tertiary infection: neurological symptoms, circulatory involvement, and gummas (large lesions) Syphilis – Fig. 24.6 Borrelia burgdorferi – Disease at a Glance 21.4 Disease: Lyme disease Route of Transmission: hard ticks Symptoms: characteristic bull’s eye skin lesions, fever, headache, myalgia (muscle pain), swelling of lymph nodes, joint pain, fatigue, later neurological and cardiac problems Borrelia burgdorferi – Fig. 21.7 Objectives Identify unique symptoms or characteristics of each disease