591805825-Therapeutic-Modalities.docx

  **Academic Year 2022-2023** \-   I. **COURSE NAME: Therapeutic Modalities** II. **COURSE DESCRIPTION:** The course covers the review on laws on human rights, different forms of human rights violation,...

  **Academic Year 2022-2023** \-   I. **COURSE NAME: Therapeutic Modalities** II. **COURSE DESCRIPTION:** The course covers the review on laws on human rights, different forms of human rights violation, government programs for the welfare of the victims, treatment models, and the developmental aspects of therapeutic modalities.  III. **NO. OF UNITS:** 3 Units -- 1 Hour Lecture/Unit IV. **NO. OF HOURS PER WEEK:** 3 Hours V. **RATIONALE:** The course is designed to meet the needs of Criminology students in learning the behavioral skills, attitudes, and values associated with socialized living of persons deprived of liberty in a jail setting. Furthermore, students will familiarize the rights of every person in the community especially those people behind bars. Also, this course is designed to train the students in applying the TMCP of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology. VI. **OBJECTIVES:** At the end of this course, the students are expected to: - Recognize the right of every individual and of arrested persons. - Familiarize the different programs conducted by institutional corrections pertaining to the rehabilitation of PDLs. - Acquaint themselves with the Mandela Rules. - Conduct research on the treatment models conducted by various institutional corrections. VII. **COURSE OUTLINE:** - Chapter I (Laws on Human Rights) - Chapter II (Punishment and Different Forms of Human Rights Violations) - Chapter III (Governmental Programs for the Victims) - Chapter IV (Different Therapeutic/Treatment Models) - Chapter V (Behavioral Management) - Chapter VI (Psychological and Emotional Aspect) - Chapter VII (Intellectual and Spiritual Components) - Chapter VIII (Vocational and Survival Skills) **LAWS ON HUMAN RIGHTS** A. **General Nature and Definition of Human Rights** **Human Rights** involve basic rights focusing on the dignity and worth of every human being which is the "foundation, justice, and peace in the world." Human rights come with our daily life experiences. **DEFINING HUMAN RIGHTS** - Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. - Human rights are those rights inherent in people and without which people cannot live as true human beings. *(United Nations)* - Human rights is defined by PH CHR as supreme rights, inherent, and inalienable rights to life, dignity, and self-development. B. **Basic Characteristics of Human Rights** C. **Classification of Rights** D. **Three Obligations of State Parties** E. **Sources and Foundations of Human Rights Law** F. **Rights of a Person Under Custodial Investigation** Section 12, Article III of the 1987 Constitution \(1) Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be provided with one. These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of counsel. \(2) No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free will shall be used against him. Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of detention are prohibited. \(3) Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this, or Section 17 hereof shall be inadmissible in evidence against him. \(4) The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of this section as well as compensation to and rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar practices, and their families. G. **The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners** **(\"the Mandela Rules\")\ **Visit: **PUNISHMENT AND DIFFERENT FORMS OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS** **PUNISHMENT** It is the infliction of some kind of pain or loss upon a person for a misdeed (i.e. the transgression of a law or command). Punishment may take forms ranging from capital punishment, flogging, forced labor, and mutilation of the body to imprisonment and fines. Deferred punishments consist of penalties that are imposed only if an offense is repeated within a specified time. ***The Purposes of Punishment*** 1. **Deterrence** -- prevents future crime by frightening the defendant or the public.**\ 1.a. Specific Deterrence** -- applies to an individual defendant 2. **Incapacitation** -- prevents future crime by removing the defendant from society. 3. **Rehabilitation** -- prevents future crime by altering a defendant's behavior. 4. **Retribution** -- prevents future crime by removing the desire for personal avengement against the defendant. 5. **Restitution** -- prevents future crime by punishing the defendant financially. Restitution is when the court orders the criminal defendant to pay the victim for any harm and resembles a civil litigation damages award. It can be for physical injuries, loss of property or money, and rarely, emotional distress. It can also be a fine that covers some of the costs of the criminal prosecution and punishment. **HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS** Human rights violations can be defined as the violation of a person's basic human rights. They include torture, political executions, assassinations, arbitrary arrests, abductions, and detentions without trial.  A state commits human rights violation either ***directly*** or ***indirectly***. Violations can either be intentionally performed by the state and/or come as a result of the state failing to prevent the violation. When a state engages in human rights violations, various actors can be involved such as police, judges, prosecutors, government officials, and more. The violation can be physically violent in nature, such as police brutality, while rights such as the right to a fair trial can also be violated, where no physical violence is involved. The second type of violation -- failure by the state to protect -- occurs when there's a conflict between individuals or groups within a society. If the state does nothing to intervene and protect vulnerable people or groups, it's participating in the violations. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | *Examples of Human Rights | | | Violations* | | +===================================+===================================+ | Civil and Political Rights | - Genocide | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | - Torture | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | - Arbitrary arrest | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | - Violations of the right to | | | freedom of expression | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | - Human trafficking | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Economic, Social, and Cultural | - Contaminating water with | | Rights | waste from State-owned | | | facilities | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | - Evicting people by force from | | | their homes | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | - Denying services and | | | information about health | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | - Discriminating at work based | | | on traits like race, gender, | | | and sexual orientation | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | - Failing to provide maternity | | | leave | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | - Not paying a sufficient | | | minimum wage | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | - Segregating students based on | | | disabilities | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | - Forbidding the use of | | | minority/indigenous languages | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners** Adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 45/111 of 14 December 1990 1. All prisoners shall be treated with the respect due to their inherent dignity and value as human beings. 2. There shall be no discrimination on the grounds of race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. 3. It is, however, desirable to respect the religious beliefs and cultural precepts of the group to which prisoners belong, whenever local conditions so require. 4. The responsibility of prisons for the custody of prisoners and for the protection of society against crime shall be discharged in keeping with a State's other social objectives and its fundamental responsibilities for promoting the well-being and development of all members of society. 5. Except for those limitations that are demonstrably necessitated by the fact of incarceration, all prisoners shall retain the human rights and fundamental freedoms set out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and, where the State concerned is a party, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Optional Protocol thereto, as well as such other rights as are set out in other United Nations covenants. 6. All prisoners shall have the right to take part in cultural activities and education aimed at the full development of the human personality. 7. Efforts addressed to the abolition of solitary confinement as a punishment, or to the restriction of its use, should be undertaken and encouraged. 8. Conditions shall be created enabling prisoners to undertake meaningful remunerated employment which will facilitate their reintegration into the country's labor market and permit them to contribute to their own financial support and to that of their families. 9. Prisoners shall have access to the health services available in the country without discrimination on the grounds of their legal situation. 10. With the participation and help of the community and social institutions, and with due regard to the interests of victims, favorable conditions shall be created for the reintegration of the ex-prisoner into society under the best possible conditions. 11. The above Principles shall be applied impartially. **\ ** **GOVERNMENTAL PROGRAMS FOR THE VICTIMS** **Victims Compensation Program** **Rationale for the enactment of the law** One of the more vexing problems in the area of justice and human rights is the implementation of the constitutional provision against the deprivation of life, liberty and property without due process of law. Persons have been accused and imprisoned for crimes they did not commit, only to be subsequently acquitted. Government and society have become notably indifferent to victims of crimes and criminals. A judicial way of filing a claim for compensation may be too long. Congress opted for an administrative procedure of filing the claims be creating the Board of Claims. **Who may apply for compensation?** **When should a claim be filed?** **How is a claim filed?** A claimant may file a claim with the board by filling up an application form provided for the purpose with the Secretariat of the Board of Claims, Department of Justice. Thereafter, he will be interviewed, and he will be duly notified of the action taken by the Board. **How much is given to a qualified applicant?** a. For victims of unjust imprisonment or detention, the compensation shall be based on the number of months of imprisonment or detention and every fraction thereof shall be considered one month: *Provided, however*, That in no case shall such compensation exceed One Thousand pesos (P1,000.00) per month. b. In all other cases, the maximum amount for which the board may approve a claim shall not exceed Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) or the amount necessary to reimburse the claimant the expenses incurred for hospitalization, medical treatment, loss of wage, loss of support or other expenses directly related to the injury, whichever is lower. This is without prejudice to the right of the claimant to seek other remedies under existing laws. **Section 13, RA 9851.** *Protection of Victims and Witnesses. *- In addition to existing provisions in Philippine law for the protection of victims and witnesses, the following measures shall be undertaken: \(a) The Philippine court shall take appropriate measures to protect the safety, physical and physiological well-being, dignity and privacy of victims and witnesses. In so doing, the court shall have regard of all relevant factors, including age, gender and health, and the nature of the crime, in particular, but not limited to, where the crime involves sexual or gender violence or violence against children. The prosecutor shall take such measures particularly during the investigation and prosecution of such crimes. These measures shall not be prejudicial to or inconsistent with the rights of the accused and to a fair and impartial trial; \(b) As an exception to the general principle of public hearings, the court may, to protect the victims and witnesses or an accused, conduct any part of the proceedings in camera or allow the presentation of evidence by electronic or other special means. In particular, such measures shall be implemented in the case of the victim of sexual violence or a child who is a victim or is a witness, unless otherwise ordered by the court, having regard to all the circumstances, particularly the views of the victim or witness; \(c) Where the personal interests of the victims are affected, the court shall permit their views and concerns to be presented and considered at stages of the proceedings determined to be appropriate by the court in manner which is not prejudicial to or inconsistent with the rights of the accused and a fair and impartial trial. Such views and concerns may be presented by the legal representatives of the victims where the court considers it appropriate in accordance with the established rules of procedure and evidence; and \(d) Where the disclosure of evidence or information pursuant to this Act may lead to the grave endangerment of the security of a witness for his/her family, the prosecution may, for the purposes of any proceedings conducted prior to the commencement of the trial, withhold such evidence or information, and instead submit a summary thereof. Such measures shall be exercised in a manner which is not prejudicial to or inconsistent with the rights of the accused and to a fair and impartial trial. **ROME STATUTE** ***Article 68.Protection of the victims and witnesses and their participation in the proceedings*** 1.The Court shall take appropriate measures to protect the safety, physical and psychological well-being, dignity and privacy of victims and witnesses. In so doing, the Court shall have regard to all relevant factors, including age, gender as defined in [article 7](https://iccforum.com/rome-statute#Article7), paragraph 3, and health, and the nature of the crime, in particular, but not limited to, where the crime involves sexual or gender violence or violence against children. The Prosecutor shall take such measures particularly during the investigation and prosecution of such crimes. These measures shall not be prejudicial to or inconsistent with the rights of the accused and a fair and impartial trial. 2.As an exception to the principle of public hearings provided for in [article 67](https://iccforum.com/rome-statute#Article67), the Chambers of the Court may, to protect victims and witnesses or an accused, conduct any part of the proceedings *in camera *or allow the presentation of evidence by electronic or other special means. In particular, such measures shall be implemented in the case of a victim of sexual violence or a child who is a victim or a witness, unless otherwise ordered by the Court, having regard to all the circumstances, particularly the views of the victim or witness. 3.Where the personal interests of the victims are affected, the Court shall permit their views and concerns to be presented and considered at stages of the proceedings determined to be appropriate by the Court and in a manner which is not prejudicial to or inconsistent with the rights of the accused and a fair and impartial trial. Such views and concerns may be presented by the legal representatives of the victims where the Court considers it appropriate, in accordance with the Rules of Procedure and Evidence. 4.The Victims and Witnesses Unit may advise the Prosecutor and the Court on appropriate protective measures, security arrangements, counselling and assistance as referred to in [article 43](https://iccforum.com/rome-statute#Article43), paragraph 6. 5.Where the disclosure of evidence or information pursuant to this Statute may lead to the grave endangerment of the security of a witness or his or her family, the Prosecutor may, for the purposes of any proceedings conducted prior to the commencement of the trial, withhold such evidence or information and instead submit a summary thereof. Such measures shall be exercised in a manner which is not prejudicial to or inconsistent with the rights of the accused and a fair and impartial trial. 6.A State may make an application for necessary measures to be taken in respect of the protection of its servants or agents and the protection of confidential or sensitive information. ***Article 75. Reparations to victims*** 1.The Court shall establish principles relating to reparations to, or in respect of, victims, including restitution, compensation and rehabilitation. On this basis, in its decision the Court may, either upon request or on its own motion in exceptional circumstances, determine the scope and extent of any damage, loss and injury to, or in respect of, victims and will state the principles on which it is acting. 2.The Court may make an order directly against a convicted person specifying appropriate reparations to, or in respect of, victims, including restitution, compensation and rehabilitation. Where appropriate, the Court may order that the award for reparations be made through the Trust Fund provided for in [article 79](https://iccforum.com/rome-statute#Article79). 3.Before making an order under this article, the Court may invite and shall take account of representations from or on behalf of the convicted person, victims, other interested persons or interested States. 4.In exercising its power under this article, the Court may, after a person is convicted of a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court, determine whether, in order to give effect to an order which it may make under this article, it is necessary to seek measures under [article 93](https://iccforum.com/rome-statute#Article93), paragraph 1. 5.A State Party shall give effect to a decision under this article as if the provisions of [article 109](https://iccforum.com/rome-statute#Article109) were applicable to this article. 6.Nothing in this article shall be interpreted as prejudicing the rights of victims under national or international law. **RESTORATIVE JUSTICE** - It is a process through which remorseful offenders accept responsibility for their misconduct, particularly to their victims and to the community. - It creates obligation to make things right through proactive involvement of victims, ownership of the offender of the crime and the community in search for solutions which promote repair, reconciliation, and assurance. - It is actively participated in by the victim, the offender, and/or any individual or community member affected by the crime to resolve conflicts resulting from the criminal offense, often with the help of a fair and impartial third party. **HOW WAS RESTORATIVE JUSTICE ADOPTED IN THE PHILIPPINES?** The Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, of which the Philippines is a member-country, through a draft resolution, recommended to the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations Organization (UNO), the adoption of the "Basic Principles on the Use of Restorative Justice Programmes in Criminal Matters". The said document is a formulation of UN Standard in the field of mediation and restorative justice. The Philippines, being a signatory member-country should ensure adoption of this resolution. Consequently, the goal of the government is to establish a more enlightened and humane correctional system that will promote the reformation of offenders and thereby reduce the incidence of recidivism. This is in line with the applicable laws, rules, and policies mandating this Agency to administer the Parole and Probation System in the country. As such, the Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) is empowered to create innovative policies, programs, and activities to facilitate the reintegration of its clientele into the mainstream of society and consequently prevent the commission of crime. Therefore, PPA adopts Restorative Justice as one of its rehabilitation programs which utilizes restorative processes and aims to achieve restorative outcomes. **WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE AS A REHABILITATION PROGRAM OF PPA?** a. Reintegration of the offenders to the social mainstream and encouraging them to assume active responsibility for the injuries inflicted to the victims; b. Proactive involvement of the community to support and assist in the rehabilitation of victims and offenders; c. Attention to the needs of the victims, survivors and other persons affected by the crime as participating stakeholders in the criminal justice system, rather than mere objects or passive recipients of services of intervention that may be unwanted, inappropriate or ineffective; d. Healing the effects of the crime or wrongdoing suffered by the respective stakeholders; and e. Prevention of further commission of crime and delinquency. **HOW IS RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IMPLEMENTED IN PPA?** ***A.  During the Investigation Stage***   ***B.  During the Supervision Stage*** ** WHAT ARE THE ROLES OF THE PROBATION AND PAROLE OFFICERS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE?** - Identifies and recommends to the Chief Probation and Parole Officer (CPPO) potential case for Peacemaking Encounter; - Conducts dialogue to explore the possibility of restorative justice process; - Coordinates/collaborates with responsible members and leaders of community for their participation in the conference; - Serves as facilitator-strength in the conference; - Assists in healing process of stakeholders based on the Supervision Treatment Plan; and - Prepares case notes reflective of restorative justice values and utilizing the following points: - Impact of crime and effect of victimization - Victim inputs and involvement opportunities - Offender opportunity to take direct responsibility for the harm inflicted on the victim and/or the community. - A CPPO engages in the following responsibilities: - Approves cases for Peace Encounter Conference and issues office orders; and - Implements and monitors plans and agreements achieved during the conference and sets direction to realize success of the process. **WHAT ARE THE PROCEDURAL SAFEGUARDS TO BE OBSERVED IN APPLYING THE RESTORATIVE JUSTICE PROCESSES TO RESOLVE CONFLICTS ARISING FROM THE CRIMINAL OFFENSE?**  The clients must admit the offense to be eligible for the conference, and if possible, they should be encouraged to take full responsibility; A personal visit by the Restorative Justice planner may be necessary to solicit interest and willingness of stakeholders to participate in the restorative process; The victims' preference for the time, date and place of the meeting should be given greatest weight; Restorative Justice planners should also get in touch with community strengths to serve as facilitator like local officials, members of the Lupon Tagapamayapa or any responsible and respected personalities in the locality; A pre-conference meeting with the selected facilitators prior to the actual conduct of peace encounter conference should be set to carefully plan for all the details, from the sitting arrangements and refreshments to the box of tissue papers which incidentally would let participants know that display of emotions is okay; A pre-conference meeting could likewise be arranged separately with individual stakeholders to explain the process and other vital details of the conference; The Restorative Justice planner should ensure that everyone knows how to get to the location site of the conference; Facilitators should ensure that the conference shall be conducted without interruption in a comfortable location and shall secure the safety of all stakeholders; Stakeholders shall also be consulted relative to the composition of the panel of facilitators. Any party may move to oppose the inclusion of persons by reason of relationship, bias, interest or other similar grounds that may adversely affect the process; and Indigenous system of settling differences or disputes shall accordingly be recognized and utilized to conform with the customs and tradition of that particular cultural community. **WHAT ARE THE RESTORATIVE JUSTICE MODELS THAT CAN BE APPLIED IN PPA?** 1. ***Peacemaking Encounter*** Peacemaking Encounter is a community-based gathering that brings the victim, the victimized community, and the offender together. It supports the healing process of the victims by providing a safe and controlled setting for them to meet and speak with the offender on a confidential and strictly voluntary basis. It also allows the offender to learn about the impact of the crime to the victim and his/her family, and to take direct responsibility for his/her behavior. Likewise, it provides a chance for the victim and the offender to forge a mutually acceptable plan that addresses the harm caused by the crime.  As a community-based decision model, the Agency Peacemaking Encounter is being implemented through the following processes: a. **Victim/Offender Mediation** -- a process that provides an interested victim an opportunity to meet face-to-face his/her offender in a secured and structured setting or atmosphere, with the help of a trained mediator, and engage in a discussion of the past offense and its impact to his/her life. Its goal is to support the healing process of the victim and allow the offender to learn the impact of his/her offense on the victim's physical, emotional, and financial existence, and take direct responsibility for his/her behavior by mutually developing a Restorative Justice plan that addresses the harm caused by the said offense. b. **Conferencing** -- a process which involves community of people most affected by the crime -- the victim and the offender and their families, the affected community members and trained facilitators and community strength -- in a restorative discussion of issues and problems arising from an offense or coincidence which affects community relationship and tranquility. Facilitated by a trained facilitator, the above parties are gathered at their own volition to discuss how they and others have been harmed by the offense or conflict, and how that harm may be repaired, and broken relationship may be restored. c. **Circle of Support** -- a community directed process organized by the field office and participated in by the clients, the Volunteer Probation Aides (VPAs) and selected members of the community in the discussion of the offense and its impact. Within the circle, people freely speak from the heart in a shared search for understanding the incident, and together identify the steps necessary to assist in the reconciliation and healing of all affected parties and prevent future crime or conflict. In the Agency, the circle of support is facilitated by trained Probation and Parole Officers, Volunteer Probation Aides or selected community leaders who offered their services free of charge to serve as facilitator or keeper. In implementing this process, the probation and parole officer should be the facilitator who is sensitive to the needs of the victim. Likewise, the probation and parole officer should exert effort to protect the safety and interest of the victim. **WHAT ARE THE OUTCOMES OR INTERVENTIONS WHICH CAN BE AGREED UPON DURING THE RESTORATIVE JUSTICE PROCESS?** As a result of the restorative justice process, the following outcomes or interventions may be agreed upon by parties in a Restorative Justice discussion, such as, but not limited to:   ***A.    Restitution***  Restitution is a process upon which the offender accepts accountability for the financial and/or non-financial losses he/she may have caused to the victim. Restitution is a "core" victim's right which is very crucial in assisting the redirection of the victim's life.   Part of the conditions of probation as imposed by the Court is the payment of civil liability to indemnify the victim of the offender, and to inculcate to the offender a sense of responsibility and obligation towards the community.   Consequently, the probation and parole officer should see to it that the offender complies with this condition. ***B.  Community Work Service*** Community Work Service, whether imposed as a condition of offender's conditional liberty or integral part of his treatment plan, should be purposely motivated to make the offender realize that he/she incurred an obligation to make things right. In its application, the offender can be subjected to perform work service measures, including, but not limited to any of the following: - Mentoring and Intergenerational Service -- offenders will develop their nurturing needs thru caring for other people; example: with senior citizens, with orphanages, or with street children. - Economic Development -- to link directly with the business project; examples: cleaning downtown area, tree planting, maintenance of business zones, housing restoration, garbage and waste management, cleaning of esteros, recycling, construction, repair of streets, and the like. - Citizenship and Civic participation-experiential activities which involve solving community problems; examples: puppet shows that showcase values, street dramas, peer counseling. - Helping the Disadvantaged -- this will enhance offender's self esteem; examples: assist handicapped, assist in soup kitchen, tutor peers, visit the aged in jail and hospitals. - Crime Prevention Project -- examples: Brgy. Ronda, giving testimony to the youth. The probation and parole officer should ensure the adoption of these community work services to facilitate the reintegration of the offender in the community. ***C.  Counseling (whether individual, group or family)***  It will enhance client's interpersonal relationship and it will help him/her become more aware of his/her shortcomings/weaknesses. This will also help him/her overcome painful experiences that drove him/her to commit a crime/ offense.   ***D. Attendance to trainings, seminars and lectures*** *** E.  Participation in education, vocation or life skills program*** ***F.  Group Therapy Session*** An intervention which provides recovering drug dependents or those with serious behavioral problems an opportunity to discuss their problems. ***G.  Spiritual development session/faith-based session*** ***H.  Submission to psychological/psychiatric assessment*** *** I *. *Submission to drug test/drug dependency examination*** *** J.  Attendance to skills training/livelihood assistance program*** ***K.  Marital enhancement program*** *** L.  Written or oral apology*** ***M.  Submission to family therapy session*** *** ***This session aims to develop healthy personal relationship within the family and to establish open positive communication between family members and significant others. Family members should be oriented in their individual responsibilities and roles.  ***N.  Confinement in Drug Treatment Rehabilitation Center Including Aftercare*** **REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8505** AN ACT PROVIDING ASSISTANCE AND PROTECTION FOR RAPE VICTIMS, ESTABLISHING FOR THE PURPOSE A RAPE CRISIS CENTER IN EVERY PROVINCE AND CITY, AUTHORIZING THE APPROPRIATION OF FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES SECTION 1. *Title*. -- This Act shall be known as the "Rape Victim Assistance and Protection Act of 1998." SEC. 2. *Declaration of Policy*. -- It is hereby declared the policy of the State to provide necessary assistance and protection for rape victims. Towards this end, the government shall coordinate its various agencies and non-government organizations to work hand in hand for the establishment and operation of a rape crisis center in every province and city that shall assist and protect rape victims in the litigation of their cases and their recovery. SEC. 3. *Rape Crisis Center*. -- The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), the Department of Health (DOH), the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), the Department of Justice (DOJ), and a lead non-government organization (NGO) with proven track record or experience in handling sexual abuse cases, shall establish in every province and city a rape crisis center located in a government hospital or health clinic or in any other suitable place for the purpose of: \(a) Providing rape victims with psychological counselling, medical and health services, including their medico-legal examination; \(b) Securing free legal assistance or service, when necessary, for rape victims; \(c) Assisting rape victims in the investigation to hasten the arrest of offenders and the filing of cases in court; \(d) Ensuring the privacy and safety of rape victims; \(e) Providing psychological counselling and medical services whenever necessary for the family of rape victims; \(f) Developing and undertaking a training program for law enforcement officers, public prosecutors, lawyers, medico-legal officers, social workers, and barangay officials on human rights and responsibilities; gender sensitivity and legal management of rape cases; and \(g) Adopting and implementing programs for the recovery of rape victims. SEC. 4. *Duty of the Police Officer*. -- Upon receipt by the police of the complaint for rape, it shall be the duty of the police officer to: \(a) Immediately refer the case to the prosecutor for inquest/investigation if the accused is detained; otherwise, the rules of court shall apply; \(b) Arrange for counselling and medical services for the offended party; and \(c) Immediately make a report on the action taken. It shall be the duty of the police officer or the examining physician, who must be of the same gender as the offended party, to ensure that only persons expressly authorized by the offended party shall be allowed inside the room where the investigation or medical or physical examination is being conducted. For this purpose, a women's desk must be established in every police precinct throughout the country to provide a police woman to conduct investigation of complaints of women rape victims. In the same manner, the preliminary investigation proper or inquest of women rape victims must be assigned to female prosecutor or prosecutors after the police shall have endorsed all the pertinent papers thereof to the same office. SEC. 5. *Protective Measures*. -- At any stage of the investigation, prosecution and trial of a complaint for rape, the police officer, the prosecutor, the court and its officers, as well as the parties to the complaint shall recognize the right to privacy of the offended party and the accused. Towards this end, the police officer, prosecutor, or the court to whom the complaint has been referred may, whenever necessary to ensure fair and impartial proceedings, and after considering all circumstances for the best interest of the parties, order a closed-door investigation, prosecution or trial and that the name and personal circumstances of the offended party and/or the accused, or any other information tending to establish their identities, and such circumstances or information on the complaint shall not be disclosed to the public. The investigating officer or prosecutor shall inform the parties that the proceedings can be conducted in a language or dialect known or familiar to them. SEC. 6. *Rape Shield*. -- In prosecutions for rape, evidence of complainant's past sexual conduct, opinion thereof or of his/her reputation shall not be admitted unless, and only to the extent that the court finds, that such evidence is material and relevant to the case. Like many countries, the correctional system in the Philippines has both an institution-based and a community-based component. It also has separate treatment systems for youth offenders and adult offenders. The custodial care of adult offenders is handled by the following: a. BJMP -- which has supervision over all district, city and municipal jails and detention centers. b. Provincial Governments -- which have supervision and control over provincial jails. c. BUCOR -- which has control over the national penitentiary and its penal farms. Youth offenders in the Philippines are treated differently. A youth offender is defined as *a child over 9 years but below 18 years of age at the of the commission of an offense*. Under the country's laws, these youth offenders are entitled to a suspended sentence. Instead of serving their sentence, they are rehabilitated in regional youth rehabilitation centers, which are managed and supervised by the DSWD. Some of the rehabilitation centers for youth offenders are the National Training School for Boys and National Training School for Girls. Their stay in the center can be shorter than their sentence term, depending on how they respond to the rehabilitation process therein. The non-institutional treatment of adult offenders is managed by the DOJ through the PPA and Board of Pardons. Probation for adult offenders is available to those whose penalty of imprisonment does not exceed 6 years. It is considered as a matter of privilege and not of right. Hence, the adult offender has to apply for probation before the court upon conviction. **THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY BY PAROLE AND PROBATION ADMINISTRATION** **WHAT IS TC?** The Therapeutic Community (TC) is an environment that helps people get help while helping others. It is a treatment environment: the interactions of its members are designed to be therapeutic within the context of the norms that require for each to play the dual role of client-therapist. At a given moment, one may be in a client role when receiving help or support from others because of a problem behavior or when experiencing distress. At another time, the same person assumes a therapist role when assisting or supporting another person in trouble. **HOW DOES TC LOOK LIKE?** The operation of the community itself is the task of the residents, working under staff supervision. Work assignments, called "job functions" are arranged in a hierarchy, according to seniority, individual progress and productivity. These include conducting all house services, such as cooking, cleaning, kitchen service, minor repair, serving as apprentices and running all departments, conducting meetings and peer encounter groups. The TC operates in a similar fashion to a functional family with a hierarchical structure of older and younger members. Each member has a defined role and responsibilities for sustaining the proper functioning of the TC. There are sets of rules and community norms that members upon entry commit to live by and uphold. **WHAT ARE THE SALIENT FEATURES OF TC?** The primary "therapist" and teacher is the community itself, consisting of peers and staff, who, as role models of successful personal change, serve as guides in the recovery process. TC adheres to precepts of right living: Truth/honesty; Here and now; Personal responsibility for destiny; Social responsibility (brother's keeper); Moral Code; Inner person is "good" but behavior can be "bad"; Change is the only certainty; Work ethics; Self-reliance; Psychological converges with philosophical (e.g. guilt kills) It believes that TC is a place where: One can change -- unfold; the group can foster change; individuals must take responsibility; structures must accommodate this; Act as if -- go through the motion. There are 5 distinct categories of activity that help promote the change: - Relational/Behavior Management - Affective/Emotional/Psychological - Cognitive/Intellectual - Spiritual - Psychomotor/Vocational-Survival Skills  These tools serve more than just the purpose of curbing unproductive behavior. They are also a means used for enforcing community sanctions on behavior that undermine the safety and integrity of the community such as violations of the cardinal rules of TC: NO drugs, NO violence or threat of violence, NO sexual acting out and NO stealing! Everything an officer does is meant to erase "street behavior" and to lead the offender to be committed to "right living". When the office gives seminars and tutorials, arranges activities focused on the Higher Power, conducts games, educational trips and other recreational activities, we touch on the TC aspect of Intellectual and Spiritual Dimension. Aside from the role of a direct supervisor, the VPAs may be the invited resource persons, donors/sponsors, facilitators, lecturers, etc. during these seminars. The skills training and livelihood activities fall within the purview of TC's Vocational and Survival Skills, so with Medical/Dental Clinics and Environmental Conservation activities. In this aspect, the VPAs can facilitate job placement and can tap community resources for clients social and physical needs. Therapeutic Community is a tool that the Administration uses to prepare the client for reintegration to the community as a reformed, rehabilitated, productive, drug-free and law-abiding person.  **THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY BY BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY (BJMP)** In the BJMP, Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP) was introduced in 1998 when a group of personnel underwent a six (6) week live-in trainer's training under the DAYTOP International trainers sponsored by the US State Department. **PHASES OF TREATMENT** 1. **Phase I -- Entry/ Orientation Phase** -The rules and norms of the community -TC concepts, written and unwritten philosophy -The staff and the members of the community -The tools of the house -Job functions and TC hierarchy 2. **Phase II -- Primary Treatment** - Proper use of the different tools to address personal issues and concerns and shape behavior - Managing own feelings and learning how to express self appropriately - Learning how to follow the rules and norms of the community - Maximize participation in activities that are appropriate to the resident's need for growth - Learning how to trust the environment by disclosing self to the community and develop insight in the process - Developing positive skills to deal with difficult life situations - Enhancing educational and vocational skills to make him productive 3. **Phase III -- Pre- Reentry** - Rebuilding of social and family ties - Going up the ladder of hierarchy by showing leadership - Realization of his full potential to be a productive member of society - Mapping out of plans 4. **Phase IV -- Reentry** - Transition to life outside of jail - Creating a new lifestyle applying the tools and concept of TC. - Learning positive coping skills to deal with day-to-day situations - Re-establishing and strengthening family ties and support group - Developing realistic and attainable goals in life 5. **Phase V -- Aftercare** - Maintaining positive behavior and prevent recidivism - Strengthening coping mechanism - Maintain relationships and support mechanism - Sustaining interest in job or vocation to maintain livelihood - Integration into society **STANDARD PARAMETERS FOR JAIL TCMP** A. **Physical Environment** - The internal and external environment is comfortable, clean, and welcoming - TC Philosophy and unwritten philosophies are visibly posted around the facility. - Hierarchical structure and daily activities are displayed. - There is adequate space to hold activities and rooms for specific meetings that require privacy. - A clean and well-maintained kitchen that complies with the sanitary standards of BJMP. - Provision of recreation areas both indoors and outdoors - The dining area is equipped with enough tables and chairs to accommodate the inmates - Adequate sanitary toilets and bathrooms that provide privacy to users - Adequate space for sleeping and habitation that respects the individual's personal space. B. **TCMP Staff** - The TCMP staff has undergone proper training on TCMP - Presence of a permanent TCMP staff to supervise the program and conduct the various activities - The TCMP staff will not be transferred to other jails until properly covered by another TC trained staff - There is proper shift turn-over of TC trained staff on a daily basis - TCMP staff can be utilized to handle other tasks but puts priority to TCMP - Regular meetings ae held by staff to discuss progress, issues and concerns about the program - All the jail staff are involved in the TCMP and are contributing members - The staff works as a team in delivering services to inmates - The staff serves a role model and treats inmates with respect and dignity. - Incentives are given to TCMP staff in terms of awards and commendations C. **The Therapeutic Environment -- the Inmates/Residents:** - The residents always treat each other with respect regardless of age, religion, cultural diversity, etc. - The residents practice a culture of honesty and openness in discussing thoughts and feelings, providing, and receiving feedbacks - Confidentiality is respected and practiced - The residents are involved in decision making and planning in TCMP activities - The participants of TCMP are change agents in bringing about transformation among peers - The residents comply with the cardinal and house rules and serve as *watchdogs* for their peers with the aim of correcting erring members - Absence or minimal incidence of jail violence/ disturbance - The residents respect the hierarchy and chain of command **THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY PROGRAM by the Bureau of Corrections (BUCOR)** Read: [*https://bucor.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Therapeutic-Manual.pdf*](https://bucor.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Therapeutic-Manual.pdf) **BEHAVIORAL MANAGEMENT** The Behavior Management is a component of TCMP that introduces the concept and mechanics of the various shaping tools to include Morning Meeting to facilitate the management of and shape the behavior of the residents. This shows the essential elements and significance of the tools which would provide the community common language, increase cohesiveness, and adapt to the moral and behavioral code of the tool's application. The behavior shaping tools are ordered in hierarchy to provide enough room for personal growth and learning. the community serves as a dynamic force that motivates the individual to achieve positive behavior change. **BEHAVIOR SHAPING TOOLS** The following are the different shaping tools according to the degree of misdemeanor of PDL: +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | 8. Pre-morning | 9. Morning meeting | 10. Talk to | | meeting | | | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | 1. Pull up | 2. Dealt with | 3. Haircut | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | 4. Learning | 5. Bans | 6. General meeting | | experience | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | 7. Expulsion | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ 1. **PRE-MORNING MEETING** 2. **MORNING MEETING** Pre-Activities: Opening Prayer, Singing of the National Anthem, Recitation of the TC Philosophy. 2 parts: a. ***Public announcements and community concerns*** b. ***Community-spirit building or up rituals*** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Parts of the Morning Meeting** | | +===================================+===================================+ | ***I. Community | ***II. Up-Rituals*** | | Announcement/Concerns*** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | a. Opening Prayer | a. News casting | | | | | b. Singing of the National | b. Entertainment | | Anthem | | | | c. Community Singing | | c. TC Philosophy | | | | d. Greetings | | d. Announcements | | | | | | e. Community Concern | | | | | | f. Concept of the Day | | | | | | g. Verse of the Day | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ 3. **TALK TO** 4. **PULL UP** 5. **DEALT WITH** 6. **HAIRCUT** 7. **LEARNING EXPERIENCE** A. *Task-Oriented LE* B. *Written Tasks* C. *Peer Interaction* 8. **BANS** 9. **GENERAL MEETING** a. A General Meeting is called and led by a senior member of the staff, usually the Director of the facility. The extent of the problem is assessed to determine who among the community members are involved in the incident. Those guilty of the offense are asked to sit in a prospect chair, this is to arouse anxiety and dissonance. b. The Director sets the tone of the meeting and leads the community in an open expression of opinions and feelings regarding the offense brought out into the community. He holds the community accountable for the slip of its members as each is considered his "brother's keeper". The Director opens the floor for feedbacks, inviting the community for self-reflection and accountability. c. As soon as the mood is set and the level of awareness of the community is raised, the leader calls for the violators to face the entire community. The leader encourages the community to express their feelings about the offense committed by the violators. d. After some members of the community have expressed their feelings, it is time for the violators to account for what they did, share their deepest feelings and verbalize what they learned from the mistake. e. After the violators made their statements and offer commitments, the Director will mark the closure of the issue and allow for processing of the events that transpired and provide appropriate emotional support to the violators who have just been subjected to intense emotional experience 10. **EXPULSION** Residents who are detained are basically psychologically and emotionally challenged. They share one thing in common, that is being incarcerated with uncertainties as to the outcome of their individual cases. They feel isolated, helpless and at times hopeless brought about by separation from their loved ones and society in general and all other issues that confront them while incarcerated. Such emotional turmoil needs to be addressed to help them bounce back and experience a life of normalcy despite their unique situation. The TCMP provides activities and services that cater to this particular need. This topic tackles the discussion on the therapeutic value of processing of feelings which does not only lie on how freely one expresses hem but more so on the person's ability to identify, acknowledge, and express them appropriately. **COUNSELING** Counseling is defined as a professional activity of helping individuals, groups or communities enhance or restore their capacity for psychological, emotional and social functioning and creating an environment favorable for the attainment of these goals. **Psychosocial Skills and Characteristics of Counseling:** a. ***Empathy*** is the ability to perceive the client's feelings and to demonstrate accurate perception of the client. It is merely "putting oneself in the client's shoes". b. ***Warmth*** is also called "unconditional positive regard". It involves accepting and caring about the client as a person. c. ***Respect*** is our belief in the client's ability to make appropriate decisions and deal appropriately with his or her life situation, when given a safe and supportive environment in which to do so. d. ***Congruence*** or genuineness is being honest and authentic in dealing with the client. It is showing real concern rather than focusing on techniques during sessions. e. ***Confidentiality*** means that anything discussed during counseling sessions is held absolutely private and not to be discussed anywhere. ***PATTERN OF COUNSELING SESSION*** 1\. Introduction: First 10 minutes - Greet the client warmly - Smile - escort to the counseling room - explain how the session is going to be to alleviate fear - this is the time to develop rapport - assure client on confidentiality. 2\. Information gathering: About 20 minutes - Know the reason for consultation - client can start anywhere - counsellor may take notes - client needs to do almost all of the talking - counselor may ask open questions or use techniques like clarifying, rephrasing, focusing, reflecting, reality testing, etc. 3\. Discussion/ Counselor Input - Counselor tells the client what he thinks the client is saying - Counselor develops a list of concerns. - Client would concur or not to the counselor's understanding. - Prioritize problems and which one to work on first. - Client will provide plans of action to work on specific problem. - Counselor will assist in mapping out plans. 4\. Conclusion - Motivate the client that "he can do it". If not, he may need to be referred to a Professional. - Brief client on what to expect the next session (progress based on plan of action). - End session on a positive note. - Client should be able to list down things that he has to look forward to over the next few days. If not, this is a red flag for suicide. ***When to break Confidentiality?*** **THE INTAKE INTERVIEW** The intake interview in the jail setting is done by a Counselor to newly admitted residents. The main purpose is to elicit information about the resident and provide information about the program and what the expectations are on both parties. Full and honest disclosure is expected on the resident to elicit adequate and elaborate information and come up with the proper treatment plan. *Objectives:* 1\. To elicit information and foster trust and confidence between the resident and the personnel in-charge by using the intake interview form. 2\. To provide the residents with the necessary information about the program. *Procedure:* 1. After the booking procedure, the Counselor/IWDO will conduct the initial intake interview to the newly committed residents using the intake interview form. **ONE TO ONE COUNSELLING/INDIVIDUAL COUNSELING** Objectives: 1. To promote individual explorations and help surface complicated and trouble feelings among the residents. 2\. To provide a regular source of counseled guidance to residents. 3\. To assist the residents to develop better coping skills and improve self- esteem. Participants: Counselor and resident *Procedure:* 1. Individual counseling is a helping tool between the residents and counselor. Residents are usually referred to the counselor as needed by peers or staff based on the residents' behavior. 2. The counselor uses different techniques and methods in counseling. 3. The resident discusses different issues which causes his/her difficulties. 4. Follow-up sessions will be done depending upon the needs of the resident. 5. The length of the sessions will be determined by the progress of the resident. **GROUP COUNSELING** *Objectives*: 1\. To provide support to residents who fall behind and raise awareness about problematic behaviors. 2\. To help solve and overcome the problem. 3\. To impart to residents the practice of TC norms and values. 4\. To develop awareness and insight into one's motives, feelings, and behavior. **STATIC GROUPS** The Static Group is a permanent group of peers and leaders that meet regularly while the residents are in treatment. It is a sort of "home" group who provides support for one another and to the new members of the community. This is designed to provide a forum for self-expression and disclosure. It is usually facilitated by senior members of the group. It focuses on group relationship and patterns of behavior. *Procedure:* 1. Once a resident enters the jail, he/she is assigned to a particular Static group. 2. It utilizes confrontation from peers to evoke changes in behavior though the group is primarily supportive. 3. Each resident member is encouraged in expressing and disclosing personal issues and concerns and receives feedbacks from the other members. Violence and threat of violence are prohibited. 4. For each session the group may discuss any topic of desire or may follow certain themes for a more systematic flow of discussion. 5. By using confrontation, identification, support, affirmation and giving feedback, residents learn and practice the TC norms and values. 6. The residents are oriented to new and positive coping styles which they can utilize to live a new lifestyle and attain personal growth and better relationships. 7. When their emotional needs and problems are properly addressed, their positive behaviors and attitudes emerge, and they will eventually feel better about themselves. 8. Focuses on the issues of the "here and how". Personal disclosure of the past is allowed if it effects the present. Confidentiality is strictly observed. 9. The static group does away with negative socialization and employs positive re-socialization through a caring relationship with peers. **PEER CONFRONTATION GROUP** The group participants in Peer Confrontation group are selected by the staff and group according to peers like adult members will go with the same date of entry in the facility and same goes with the middle and young members. *Procedure:* 1\. Participants will sit in a circle position. 2\. Staff may sit just outside the circle or there may be no staff. 3\. There is no particular order of speaking. It is conventional and free -- wheeling. 4\. Participants may start with a prayer. 5\. Participants may then say "What do you say about me? Or Please give me a feedback on my progress here "or how do you see me? 6\. Any of the other participants may give an honest, straightforward feedback. Tone and feeling should be proportionate to the issue. 7\. Peer confrontation is done in a compassionate way where each resident try to help one another and identify certain issues which could be a hindrance to his recovery. 8\. At the end of the sharing, the resident is asked a commitment about issue that he feels uncomfortable dealing with. **SECRET GROUP** Secrets are a group activity where participants are given the opportunity to unload emotional baggage and thus experience freedom from internal psychological conflicts. It promotes trust among the participants knowing that each will reveal his utmost secrets to the group. It also aims to deepen mutual respect among the participants. *Procedure*: 1\. Form a group of 10-12 residents, preferably of variedly different persons. 2\. Each one is instructed to go to a place where they can be alone and free from distractions. 3\. In a piece of paper, the resident will write a letter to himself about an event in his life which he has been keeping as a deep secret because it has caused a lot of pain, guilt, shame or anxiety. 4\. The letter is written as if he is addressing it to somebody and could start as "Dear friend". He should not state his name or any name and place which could lead the group as to the writer. He may write it in a way that would not give away any hint. This is done for 30 minutes. 5\. The group then converges, and all the rolled letters will be placed in a bag. Then residents will be seated in a circle. The first one will be asked to pick up a letter and read it aloud to everyone as if he is reading his own letter. The rest will provide advice, moral support, motivation, or encouragement to the reader. No criticisms or negative comments are encouraged. 6\. The facilitator admonishes the participants to refrain from curiously trying to find out the owner of the letters. Everyone is likewise admonished to keep the discussions strictly confidential. 7\. After all the letters were read, the facilitator will do a brief processing focusing on the feelings of the participants and how it affected each one of them. The group may choose to pray as a closing ritual. 8\. Before the group adjourns, the facilitators collect the letters and burn them in a clay bag or garbage bin as a symbolic ritual of letting go of all the hurts and pains and not allowing them to hinder their future growth. **ENCOUNTER GROUPS** The Encounter Group serves as a "safety valve" within the community which is usually high pressured and structured. It is a forum for members of the community to verbally express pent-up or negative emotions within a structured and safe environment without resorting to violence or aggression and without fear of reprisal. *Procedure:* 1\. A resident may drop a slip on another resident stating his name, the name of the person he is dropping a slip and the reason for dropping the slip. Only feelings of hurt, anger and concern can be reasons for encounter. 2\. The staff will choose his co-facilitators who are also staff members. Once he has gathered 2 or 3 slips, he may schedule an encounter group. 3\. The facilitator will arrange the group in a circle in such a way that the two parties involved are seated opposite each other 5\. The group then converges and all the rolled letters will be placed in a bag. The residents will be seated in a circle. The first one will be asked to pick up a letter and read it aloud to everyone as if he is reading his own letter. The rest will provide advice, moral support, motivation or encouragement to the reader. No criticisms or negative comments are encouraged. 6\. The facilitator admonishes the participants to refrain from curiously trying to find out the owner of the letters. Everyone is likewise admonished to keep the discussions strictly confidential. **EXTENDED GROUP** The Extended Groups (Probe, Marathon) are usually composed of 5- 12 residents and is being facilitated by 2 highly trained staff members. It may last for 8-72 hours. The participants must have at least 4 months in the program and have shown adequate stability before he can be included in the activity. It is a potentially intimate and intense session which needs a significant amount of preparation. It focuses on the "here and now" but allows a deeper exploration of issues that affects new behavior. Special subjects may be the focus such as sexuality, trauma, etc. **SPECIALIZED GROUPS** ***LOSS AND BEREAVEMENT*** Duration/frequency: one hour once a week Participants: 10 -- 15 residents Procedure: 1\. Facilitator is knowledgeable in conducting the sessions and managing the time. 2\. The group is very supportive and compassionate. 3\. Facilitator discusses the process of grieving and the impact of losses, mad feeling, attitudes and behavior derived from the loss of a loved one. 4\. Counselor gives some suggestions on how they would handle the situation appropriately when there was another similar situation. 5\. At the last sessions, each participant was required to write a letter to someone or a buddy to tell about the past and what they will do in the future regarding losses. **WOMEN'S GROUP** Duration/ frequency: one hour once a week/ might last for six sessions Participants: 8-15 residents, Counselor *Procedure:* 1\. Held once a week and run by TC personnel. It provides an opportunity for all female residents to share and discuss their feelings on women's issues: family, relationship, self-identity, self-image, societal role and reproductive issues. 2\. Issues to be tackled are gender specific problems and aims to help female residents identify their challenges and needs. 3\. Residents are helped to explore and understand the relationship between women's issues and their influences on them. It enhances self-understanding among women. 4\. They can also help each other through mutual support and concern. **MEN'S GROUP** Duration/ frequency: 1 hour once a week Participants: 8-15 residents, counselor *Procedure:* 1\. Topics include expression of feeling, reveal of true self, dealing with feeling and how to avoid abusive relationship, family conflicts, sexuality and sexual relationships. 2\. Group sessions enabled each of them to identify, express the feeling related to the trauma and lessons learned from those experiences. 3\. The counselor who raised the issue will be the one to conduct it. **MEDICATION SUPPORT GROUP** *Procedure:* 1\. Counselor holds the group once a week who are on medical and psychiatric medication. 2\. Group members are educated on different kinds of medical and psychiatric problems and its effects. 3\. Sharing on the intake of medicines and its side effects of taking it. 4\. Cohesiveness is enhanced. 5\. Share and discuss how to face their difficulties, coping with the disease and problems encountered while they are on medications. **ANGER MANAGEMENT** *Procedure:* 1\. Facilitated by a counselor. 2\. Questionnaires are provided to the residents to answer how they demonstrated their anger before they came for treatment and while in the facility and how they go through it. 3\. Participants are selected based on interview and attitude showed while in treatment. 4\. The group is an avenue for the residents to know their anger feelings and acquire new knowledge and information on how to deal with their feelings on different situation and personalities. **PRE-RELEASE INTERVIEW** Objectives: 1\. To ensure that the resident to be released is/are well-prepared to face new challenges in the community upon their reintegration into the mainstream of society. 2\. To assess the various potentials of the resident which he can utilize to be a productive citizen upon his release from the jail. 3\. To assess the effectiveness of the interventions provided and determine what improvements or changes that need to be done. *Procedure:* 1\. Welfare Development Officer (WDO) should coordinate with the Paralegal Officer to monitor the status of the case of the residents. 2\. If possible, immediate member of the family is/are present before the residents will be released from jail. 3\. Do a pre-release interview to conduct an assessment of the resident's potentials and map out plans after his release from jail. 4\. WDO should coordinate with service providers for his/her referral for aftercare. **INTELLECTUAL AND SPIRITUAL COMPONENTS** Can spirituality and intellect go together? Is spirituality and intelligence at odds with each other? Intelligence and spirituality ultimately follow the same path. By embracing intellect to its fullest extent, one will eventually arrive at a sense of spirituality. ***Spirituality in TC*** Spirituality is any action or activity that reflects or brings out the goodness in a man. Spirituality in TCMP is designed to respond to the inner longing of residents to find greater faith where they can anchor themselves within their struggle to find meaning to their existence. ***Intellectual Component*** The intellectual component on the other hand responds to the natural human characteristics of yearning for knowledge to attain a higher level of understanding. Objectives: 1\. To enhance personal and spiritual well-being of residents 2\. To appreciate the value of the Word of God in relation to our life and as nourishment to the soul 3\. To give opportunity for the residents to experience special encounter and healing from God 4\. To remind the residents for the need for constant connection with God in their lives. Objectives: 1\. To actualize the intellectual skills of the residents 2\. To teach the residents how to think and delay impulses 3\. To guide the residents on the right way of thinking and how it affects his feelings and behavior **THE TC PHILOSOPHY** 1. ***Surrender*** "I am here because there is no refuge, finally from myself" 2. ***Self-disclosure***\ "Until I confront myself in the eyes and hearts of others, I am running. Until I suffer them to share my secrets, I have no safety from them. Afraid to be known, I can neither know myself or any other; I will be alone." 3. ***Reflection***\ "Where else but in our common grounds can I find such a mirror?" 4. ***Self-realization***\ "Here together, I can appear clearly to myself, not as the giant of my dreams not the dwarf of my fears, but as a person, part of the whole with my share in its purpose" 5. ***Growth***\ "In this ground, I can take root and grow" I realize that this environment can help me overcome my mistakes and start a new life. 6. ***Self-worth***\ "Not alone anymore as in death, but alive to myself and to others" **TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSOPHIES** 6\. ***"No free lunch"*** **THEME/ CONCEPT OF THE DAY** It refers to a word or saying that will serve as a guide for the community to ponder upon in relation to their day-to-day interactions and behaviors. It is elaborated during the Morning Meeting by some members of the community to emphasize its relevance and how it can stimulate the residents' thoughts and help them change their behavior into something positive. It can also be taken from the Unwritten Philosophies. **MEDITATION: Discovering Your Inner Sanctuary** The visualization meditation is used to help an individual establish a practice of moving his attention within, finding his place of relaxation and peace by contacting his inner wisdom. This experience is unique for everyone so much so that one's experience may be different from the others. Some may experience visual imagery while others may not. What is important is to do it the most easy and natural way to attain the goal and could relax and enjoy the process. **SEMINARS** Seminars are activities in TC that provide intellectual stimulation and seek personal involvement among the residents. It is a way of providing information, improving the resident's speaking and writing abilities and enhancing their listening ability so as to understand all the information being presented. **THE DEBATE** The debate is introduced to provide the residents the opportunity to learn how to reason ably and put together arguments in a logical manner. This is also an exercise on how to listen and formulate ideas and demonstrate a broader understanding of certain issues. It gives the participants certain insights on other's opinions which may be opposite to their own. **SATURDAY NIGHT ACTIVITIES** This activity is held every Saturday as a recreational event purposely to instill fun, humor and entertainment after an intense and hectic week. This gives the residents the chance to let loose and socialize. Each static group is assigned a specific task or presentation to develop talents among the residents. **VOCATIONAL/ SURVIVAL SKILLS** The development of vocational and survival skills starts at the beginning of performance in job functions in the TC Community which has substantial value to the individual. Its aim is not only to detain or confine residents but also to challenge them to learn vocational skills for their reentry to the community. **VOCATIONAL SKILLS** Vocational rehabilitation helps the individual to become less dependent, adapt himself and become more independent by making positive changes. - TC Hierarchical Structure - Job Changes - Job Functions - Staff Functions **SKILLS AND ATTITUDE DEVELOPMENT** Thinking + Feeling = Behavior Thinking + Feeling + Behavior = Attitude An attitude is a set of feelings, thoughts and disposition. Attitudes determine how one will act. Attitude stems from the way one thinks, feels and behave. **ORGANIZATIONAL HIERARCHY OF THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY** Objectives: **CLASS- A TC COMMUNITY (JAIL POPULATION -- 1,000 UP)** 1\. BUSINESS OFFICE DEPARTMENT -- Admin 2\. KITCHEN DEPARTMENT -- Food Service Officer 3\. HOUSEKEEPING DEPARTMENT -- Records 4\. GROUNDS/ LANDSCAPING DEPARTMENT -- Custodial 5\. LAUNDRY DEPARTMENT -- Logistics 6\. MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT -- Operations 7\. SPECIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT -- IWDO 8\. EXPEDITING DEPARTMENT -- Paralegal/ I&I **CLASS- B TC COMMUNITY (JAIL POP 500-999)** 1\. BUSINESS OFFICE DEPARTMENT -- Admin 2\. KITCHEN DEPARTMENT -- Food Service Officer 3\. HOUSEKEEPING/ LAUNDRY DEPARTMENT -- Records 4\. GROUNDS/ LANDSCAPING/ MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT -- Custodial 5\. SPECIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT -- IWDO 6\. EXPEDITING DEPARTMENT -- Paralegal/ I& **CLASS- C TC COMMUNITY (JAIL POP -1-499)** 1\. BUSINESS OFFICE DEPARTMENT -- Admin 2\. KITCHEN DEPARTMENT -- Food Service Specialist 3\. HOUSEKEEPING/ LAUNDRY DEPARTMENT -- IWDO 4\. EXPEDITING DEPARTMENT -- Paralegal/ I&I *Note: The set-up of the Hierarchical Structure depends upon the needs of the facility.* **FUNCTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT POSITIONS IN THE HIERARCHY** **(FROM HIGHEST TO LOWEST)** ***Coordinator*** 1\. A positive role model. 2\. Deals with the attitudes of the residents and acts as a member of the panel during the haircut and addresses the resident in general meeting. 3\. The leader of a team assigned to oversee a specific department, e.g. kitchen department 4.Responsible for reporting of job changes and recommends cutting off of learning experience 5\. Assigned as Coordinator on Duty of the day and delegates tasks to be covered for the day, i.e., investigating and booking. 6\. Encourages residents to use behavior shaping tools, i.e., encounter slips, booking, etc. 7\. Responsible for overseeing that each team works efficiently. 8\. Supervises the over-all functions of the department in the TC Facility. 9\. Reports to staff any incident that is not in the boundaries of a resident to deal with. 10\. Carries out any given task that staff members assigned him/her. 11\. In-charge to disseminate instructions given by the Director and staff through coordination with co-coordinators. 12\. Serves as liaison between resident and staff. ***Chief Expediter*** 1\. Responsible for managing the daily function and activities of the community. 2\. Delegates other responsibilities to the Asst. Chief Expediter and monitors every activity. 3\. Oversees the schedule of the day. 4\. Communicates with department heads in execution of job functions. 5\. Communicates with Coordinator of the Day on an hourly basis. ***Assistant Chief Expediter*** 1\. Responsible for execution of directives from the chief expediter. 2\. Supervises the activity inside the dormitories. 3\. Monitors overall function of the different departments and reports to the chief all the incidences. 4\. Facilitates department head meetings in the absence of the chief expediter, job changes and requests. (e.g. request for phone calls) ***Department Head*** 1\. Conducts departmental meetings before job function. 2\. Delegates specific tasks to team members and monitors individual conduct. 3\. Monitors participation of members to activities of the program (Morning Meeting, Seminars and Group Sessions) 4\. Checks attendance and whereabouts of team members. 5\. Attends department heads pre-evaluation meeting regarding job change. 6\. Recommends grants or denies team members' in-house requests in the department head meeting. 7\. Conducts post evaluation to residents regarding the result of their requests. 8\. Screens team members' requests. ***Department Crew*** 1\. Responsible for carrying-out tasks, duties and responsibilities of their concerned departments. ***Business Office Department (BOD)*** 1\. Welcomes new members of the family and makes sure that policies, rules and their limitations are clear. 2\. Responsible in facilitating younger members' group by sharing experiences. 3\. Role model that shows how to overcome trying circumstances (coping, adjustment, etc.) 4\. Orients new residents how to drop slips, ventilate feelings in the encounter group, use the behavior shaping tools and internalize the TC Philosophy and Unwritten Philosophies. 5\. Provides support to residents when needed. 6\. Prepares sequence of program for special events and disseminates all written communications. 7\. Maintains and updates bulletin board postages and announcements. 8\. Updates profile of residents (Name, Address, Age, Status, Birth date, Ethnic Origin etc.) and provides list of residents in the Tag board to be posted in every dormitory. 9\. Prepares sound system in every activity. ***Expediting Team*** 1\. Oversees the day-to-day affairs of the different departments. 2\. Reports any incident in the TC facility and the overall attitude of the community. 3\. In-charge of the attendance of the residents in groups, seminars, static, specialized groups. 4\. Confronts attitudes around the house and make necessary steps to address them through booking. 5\. Coordinates with staff regarding announcements, activities, medications and court hearings for proper information dissemination. 6\. Coordinates with Coordinator on Duty and Medical Staff in attending to sick residents. 7\. Prepare designated room assignments upon admission of new residents. (Assign big brother/ sister) 8\. Oversees activities of residents in the Learning Experience structure. ***Kitchen Department*** 1\. Prepares and cook food for daily consumption. 2\. Maintains quality of food and dietary requirements of every menu. 3\. Preserves sanitary working environment and maintains kitchen equipment properly. 4\. Manages quantity of food servings to minimize wastage 5\. Prepares menu for special requirements and occasions. 6\. Serves meals on time. 7\. Ensures proper storage of food items to avoid spoilage and contamination. 8\. Conducts regular health screening of kitchen workers. 9\. Maintains proper washing of dishes and kitchen utensils and proper disposal of waste materials. ***Maintenance and Landscaping Department*** 1\. Maintains cleanliness of grounds 2\. Responsible in planting, watering and trimming of plants, trees and flower beds 3\. Maintains inventory of materials and equipment. 4\. Informs staff of any equipment that needs repair or replacement. 5\. Responsible in making minor repairs of jail facilities and equipment. 6\. Responsible in monitoring proper usage of water and electricity. ***Housekeeping Department*** 1\. Maintains the cleanliness of the cell area, mess hall, visitation area and visitor's comfort room. 2\. Maintains inventory of housekeeping materials such as brooms, dustpans, rugs, floor wax, etc. 3\. Provides proper storage of housekeeping materials. ***Laundry Department*** 1\. Assigns and schedules laundry time for every dorm. 2\. Designates and maintains hanging area for washed clothing. 3\. Collects the dried washed clothing and distributes to the respective dorms. **STAFF FUNCTIONS** ***Director*** The Warden serves as the Director of the facility. He oversees all the activities in the program. He designates staff to serve as Counselors. He makes final decisions as to what sanctions or learning experiences will be meted out to erring residents. ***Assistant Director*** This position is usually occupied by the Assistant Warden. He takes over the responsibilities in the absence of the Director. He reports directly to the Director and assists him in the conduct of the latter's responsibilities. ***Counselor*** A staff is assigned as a Counselor for each department. The jail set up is unique as the Counselors take on other responsibilities in addition. **Coordinator** Deals with the attitudes of the residents and acts as a member of the panel during the haircut and addresses the resident in general meeting. **LIVELIHOOD AND SKILLS TRAINING** *Objectives:* 1\. To motivate the participation of the residents in the livelihood and skills training in preparation for reintegration to the mainstream of society. 2\. To cultivate and enhance one's capacity to become productive and improve self-worth. *Indicators:* 1\. Self- reliant, resourceful and creative individuals 2\. Generate income Designed Tools: Project Proposals, Training Design, Feasibility Studies Participants: Residents/ Staff *Procedure:* The WDO will conduct skills inventory of the residents to determine the appropriate skills training needed. With the help of skilled staff or outsourced trainers, residents are trained on their specific field of interest which could be their source of livelihood once they are released from jail. List of Suggested Vocational Skills Training 1. Culinary Arts 2. Basic Steel Fabrication 3. Beads Making Enhancement 4. Rug making 5. Wood carving 6. Flower making 7. Massage therapy 8. Artistry 9. Basic electricity 10. Automotive 11. Masonry and carpentry 12. Tailoring and dressmaking 13. Furniture 14. Lantern and Christmas décor making 15. T-shirt printing 16. Basket weaving 17. Shell craft 18. Guitar making 19. Organic farming ***References:*** Apela & Cuasay (2022). *Therapeutic Modalities*. Wiseman's Book Trading Therapeutic Modalities Module by J/SUPT Wilmor Plopinio (Ret) Therapeutic Community Center Standard Operating Manual (2002) Retrieved from