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# Chapter 7 Notes * **Bioelements:** basic elements all living things need * **Essential nutrient:** any substance that must be provided to an organism (cannot make it on its own). * **Macronutrients:** required in relatively large quantities and play principal roles in cell structure and metabol...

# Chapter 7 Notes * **Bioelements:** basic elements all living things need * **Essential nutrient:** any substance that must be provided to an organism (cannot make it on its own). * **Macronutrients:** required in relatively large quantities and play principal roles in cell structure and metabolism. * Compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen * **Micronutrients:** present in much smaller amounts and are involved in enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure. * Also known as trace elements * **Inorganic nutrients:** atoms/molecules other than carbon and hydrogen * **Organic nutrients:** contain carbon and hydrogen atoms * Most chemical elements available to the cell as compounds and not as pure elements * **Potassium (K):** essential to protein synthesis and membrane function * **Sodium (Na):** important for certain types of cell transport * **Calcium (Ca):** stabilizer of cell wall and endospores of bacteria * **Magnesium (Mg):** component of chlorophyll and a stabilizer of membranes and ribosomes * **Iron (Fe):** important component of the cytochrome proteins of cell respiration * **Zinc (Zn):** essential regulatory element for eukaryotic genetics