5.1. MUSCULAR SYSTEM I.pptx
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MUSCULAR SYSTEM I ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY WARNINGS ! ! These lecture slides are prepared using the available anatomy lecture resources. ! These lecture slides are for lecture purposes only. ! You can use other resources and visuals to follow these lecture slide...
MUSCULAR SYSTEM I ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY WARNINGS ! ! These lecture slides are prepared using the available anatomy lecture resources. ! These lecture slides are for lecture purposes only. ! You can use other resources and visuals to follow these lecture slides. ! These lecture slides are 33 in total. ! The references of these lecture slides are indicated on slide 33. ! No part or content of these lecture slides may be reproduced. ! These lecture slides cannot be used as references. INTRODUCTION MUSCULAR SYSTEM It permits movement of the body, maintains posture and circulates blood throughout the body Three basic muscle types are found in the body • Skeletal muscle • Cardiac muscle • Smooth muscle • Muscle fibers endomysium (connective tissue) • Bundles perimysium • The muscle is surrounded by epimysium perimysium epimysium endomysium • It is the origo, the starting point of the muscle that does not move or moves less • The thick middle parts of the muscles are called belly or venter • The moving point is the result (insertio) of the muscle Classification Of Muscles A. By Fascicular Orientation Types of Muscles • Prime mover – muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement • Antagonist – muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover • Synergist – muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotation • Fixators Naming of Skeletal Muscles Direction of muscle fibers Example: rectus (straight) Relative size of the muscle Example: maximus (largest) Naming of Skeletal Muscles Location of the muscle Example: temporalis muscle Number of origins Example: triceps (three heads) Naming of Skeletal Muscles Location of the muscles origin and insertion Example: sternocleidomastoid (on the sternum) Shape of the muscle Example: deltoid (triangular) Action of the muscle Example: flexor and extensor Muscles are examined in 2 groups as static and dynamic: In the dynamic; the length of the muscles becomes shorter and there is movement. This is called concentric (isotonic) contraction In the static; If the muscle is detected from both ends, its length does not shorten when stimulated, but its tension increases and movement does not occur. This is called static (isometric) contraction • The parts where the muscle attaches to the bone are called tendon or aponeurosis. These are made of parallel collagen fibers • The term aponeurosis is used for leaves of hard, thick and large connective tissue associated with the adhesion of muscles. THE MUSCLES IN HEAD AND NECK CAN BE GROUPED AS: FACIAL MUSCLES MASTICAT ORY MUSCLES ANTEROLATER AL MUSCLES OF NECK • which includes the muscles of scalp, eye, lip, nose and ears • which includes the mucles that help in the movement of TMJ • which includes suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles FACIAL MUSCLE S 1. MUSCLES OF SCALP 2. MUSCLES OF AURICLES 3. MUSCLES OF EYELID 4. MUSCLES OF NOSE 5. MUSCLES AROUND MOUTH FACIAL MUSCLES Origin Insertion From bone or fascia Onto the skin 1. MUSCLES OF SCALP Occipitofrontalis ***epicranial aponeurosis - galea aponeurotica * 2. MUSCLES OF AURICLES 1. Auricularis anterior 2. Auricularis superior 3. Auricularis posterior 3. MUSCLES OF EYELID MUSCLES OF EYELIDS ARE: 1. Orbicularis oculli 2. Corrugaror supercilli 3. Levator palpebral superioris 4. Extraocular muscles 3. MUSCLES OF EYELID Corrugator supercilli m. Orbicularis oculi m. 3. MUSCLES OF EYELID 4. MUSCLES OF NOSE MUSCLES OF NOSE CONSISTS OF: I. Procerus ıı. Nasalis ııı. Depressor septi 5. MUSCLES AROUND MOUTH • • • • • • • • • • • Orbicularis oris Levator labii superioris Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi Zygomaticus major Zygomaticus minor Levator anguli oris Depresor anguli oris Depresor labii inferioris Mentalis Risorius Buccinator Levator labii superoris Zygomaticus minor Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi Zygomaticus major Orbicularis oris Buccinator Depresor anguli oris 5. MUSCLES AROUND MOUTH There are about 60 muscles in the face Smiling is easier than frowning It takes 20 muscles to smile and over 40 to frown. Smile and make someone happy MASTICAT ORY MUSCLES 1. Temporal Muscle 2. Masseter Muscle 3. Lateral Pterygoid Muscle 4. Medial Pterygoid Muscle MASTICATORY MUSCLES ANTEROLAT ERAL MUSCLES OF NECK 1. Suprahyoid Muscles 2. Infrahyoid Muscles Suprahyoid Muscles Infrahyoid Muscles Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Thyrohyoid Omohyoid REFERENCES 1.Arıncı K, Elhan A. Anatomi. 2. Baskı. Güneş Kitabevi, Ankara, 1997. 2.Çimen A. Anatomi. 5. Bası. Uludağ Üniversitesi Basımevi, Bursa, 1987. 3.Dere F. Anatomi Atlası ve Ders Kitabı. 5. Baskı. Adana Nobel Tıp Kitabevi, Adana, 1999. 4.Ferner H, Jochen Staubesand J. Çeviren: Arıncı K. Sobotta İnsan Anatomisi Atlası, Cilt 12, Atlas Tıp Kitapçılık, Ankara, Urban&Schwarzenberg, München-Wien-Baltimo, 1985. 5.Gökmen FG. Sistematik Anatomi. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, İzmir, 2003. 6.Grant JCB. Method of Anatomy. 6th Edition. 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