Unit 5: Business Mathematics: Lesson 5.1 PDF

Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data Lesson 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data Contents Introduction 1 Learning Objectives 2 Quick Look...

Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data Lesson 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data Contents Introduction 1 Learning Objectives 2 Quick Look 3 Learn the Basics 5 Textual Presentation 5 Tabular Presentation of Data 7 Graphical Presentation 11 Case Study 15 Keep in Mind 16 Try This 17 Practice Your Skills 18 Challenge Yourself 20 Bibliography 22 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 0 Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data Lesson 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data Introduction Businesses rely heavily on data. Strategic and operational decisions are made based on business data. Is the cash enough? Should we acquire additional funding? Are we operating efficiently? These are just some of the questions that business data inform. Business data include the details of day-to-day operations and general indicators of progress and achievements. Hence, business organizations can generate a wealth of information. Leaders must use different ways of organizing, presenting, and communicating the most relevant information to arrive at sound decisions. 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 1 Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data Learning Objectives DepEd Competencies At the end of this lesson, you should be able to Show samples of business data do the following: (ABM_BM11PAD-IIg-1). Define business data. Compare the forms (textual, tabular, and graphical) of data (ABM_BM11PAD-IIg-2). Compare the different forms of Identify the essential parts of a table presenting data. (ABM_BM11PAD-IIg-3). Draw a table to present the data Describe the different parts of a table on (ABM_BM11PAD-IIh-4). presenting data. Demonstrate the process of presenting data in tabular form. 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 2 Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data Quick Look Organizing the Business Data DEF Company wants to know the company's total number of employees from January to June of 2021. As an employee from the Human Resource Department, you are asked to present these data. Below is the information provided by the Human Resource Records. In January, there were 124 male employees, while there were 107 female employees. In February, there were 128 employees, while there were 110 female employees. In March, there were 119 male employees, while there were 115 female employees. In April, there were 122 male employees, while there were 113 female employees. In May, there were 133 male employees, while there were 120 female employees. And in June, there were 120 male employees, while there were 112 female employees. How are you going to present these pieces of information in a comprehensive and organized way? Solution: To present the pieces of information in a comprehensive and organized manner, create a tabular presentation of the data. Make sure that the following information is presented: table number, title, stubs, caption, body, source, and footnote. Table 1. Number of Employees of DEF Company from January to June 2021 Gender January February March April May June Male 124 128 119 122 130 120 Female 107 110 115 113 120 112 Total 231 238 234 235 250 232 Source: DEF Company Human Resource Employee Records, 2021 *Data gathered are from January to June 2021 records only. 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 3 Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data In the table presented above, here are the specific parts mentioned: 1. Table Number: Table 1 2. Title: Number of Employees of DEF Company from January to June 2021 3. Stubs: Male, Female and Total 4. Caption: January, February, March, April, May, and June 5. Body: The entire table which contains the number of employees 6. Source: DEF Company Human Resource Employee Records, 2021 7. Footnote: Data gathered are from January to June 2021 records only. Questions to Ponder 1. What is business data? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How are business data different from data in general? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Aside from the tabular form, what are other forms of presenting business data? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 4 Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data Learn the Basics Data is generally defined as the collection of facts, information, and statistics that are useful for referencing and analysis. The type of data collected varies depending on the purpose. For instance, if the government wants to update the population's demographic profile, it may gather data on age, gender, educational attainment, and income. If an organization wants to know the perception of a specific issue or policy, then it may collect data on the views and opinions of the target populace. Therefore, business data is the information collected by enterprises to help them run their operations, support their strategy, and arrive at crucial decisions. Business data includes sales, expenses, revenue, customer information, lead generation, situation of business environment, advertising reach, and the likes. Large amounts of business data can be collected in a month, more so in a year. Thus, business professionals must know how to present the needed information in a simple, organized, and comprehensive manner. Business data can be introduced in different forms: textual, tabular, or graphical. Essential Question How important is it to know the different forms of presenting business data? Textual Presentation A textual presentation of data is the most basic form of communicating business information. In this form, business data is displayed in plain text format, usually in paragraph form. It is best used when the information is not extensive. Examine the following examples of textual presentation of data. 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 5 Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data Closer Look Example 1 Victorias Milling Company, Inc., grew its assets this 2021. From ₱9,558,059, their total assets expanded to ₱10,350,038. (Source: Victorias Milling Company, Inc. PSE Disclosure Form 17 - 1 - Annual Report, December 14, 2021) Example 2 Samsung maintained its spot as the Philippines’ most consumed brand. (Source: Campaign Asia’s The Philippines’ Top 100: Consumption Brands Stumble, October 5, 2020) A textual presentation of data is practical when you want to add qualitative statements with numerical information or statistics. In addition, this form of data presentation does not need to be represented in other forms (i.e., in tabular and graphical forms) because the content already communicates the intent and purpose of the information. However, if you intend to relay massive pieces of information, employing a textual presentation of data may no longer be effective. Reading and examining the business data would be difficult and time-consuming. You may consider presenting your data in tabular form. Check Your Progress Provide an example of a textual presentation of data. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 6 Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data Tabular Presentation of Data A tabular presentation is a data presentation technique that uses columns and rows to organize data systematically. It is best used if the information you are trying to convey is massive. A tabular presentation is usually more appealing than other forms because the information becomes easy to read and understand. With the use of rows and columns, it can summarize loads of information by identifying the relevant fields and points of interest, making it easy to analyze and compare data. A tabular presentation of data can compress tens of pages of textual information into a single page. Closer Look Weekly Sales Athletic Gears, Inc. sells sports equipment in five different store locations. The supervisor summarizes their weekly sales using a tabular report to assess the performance of their sales staff. Table 2. Athletic Gears, Inc. Weekly Sales Report (April 3 to 9, 2022) Apr 3, Apr 4, Apr 5, Apr 6, Apr 7, Apr 8, Apr 9, TOTAL Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Mall A 85,124 42,921 45,712 44,871 42,859 58,791 62,800 383,078 Mall B 61,321 30,861 35,819 33,966 33,870 38,192 48,173 282,202 Mall C 23,991 15,881 18,361 19,171 20,841 11,741 18,163 128,149 Mall D 64,133 41,102 51,790 49,881 48,160 51,973 53,918 360,957 Mall E 52,952 44,542 40,173 35,112 33,111 37,814 40,813 284,517 TOTAL 287,521 175,307 191,855 183,001 178,841 198,511 223,867 1,438,903 Number of Employees A multinational company has sister companies in the USA, Japan, and China. The USA company has 450 employees, 26% of which are executives, 44% are regular employees, 20% are probationary employees, and 10% are interns. On the other hand, the Japanese company has 620 employees, 25% of which are executives, 50% are regular employees, 15% 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 7 Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data are probationary employees, and 10% are interns. Lastly, the China company has 900 employees, 10% of which are executives, 35% are regular employees, 40% are probationary employees, and 15% are interns. The table presenting distribution of the three sister companies will look like this: Table 3. The Population Distribution of the 3 Sister Companies Regular Probationary Company Executives Employees Employees Interns TOTAL USA 117 198 90 45 450 Japan 155 310 93 62 620 China 90 315 360 135 900 The data organized into rows and columns let you understand the amount generated through sales by each store every day of the week. Such ease in information processing becomes possible because all fields and components are clear and visible. To ensure that your presentation accurately displays the information you intend to communicate, you should include the following components on your table. 1. Table Number A number is assigned to every table in your presentation so that you can easily locate and refer to them. It is usually placed as the header of the table, right before the title itself. 2. Title The title is presented in the header part of each table. Table titles should be specific enough to provide the reader sufficient information on what collected data is all about. If applicable, the title should indicate the time period covered, the place where the data was collected, and its classification. 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 8 Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data 3. Stubs Stubs refer to the indicators seen in each row in a table. It primarily indicates information about the data presented in a particular row. 4. Caption A caption refers to a column header in a table. It is, in fact, the equivalent of a stub and indicates the information contained in a column. 5. Body The body refers to the area in which all the information is presented. It refers to the content of a table as a whole. The data presented here are contained in each of the table’s cells. 6. Source Source refers to the reference in which the data has been obtained, especially if they are from secondary sources. It is often seen at the lower part of the table. 7. Footnotes Footnotes are referred to as an add-on in the title. At a point, it tells the year and duration in which the data has been collected. However, footnotes are barely seen because the information that they provide is usually seen in the title already. Footnotes are usually seen after the source. 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 9 Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data Figure 1. Components of a tabular presentation In creating a tabular presentation, it is recommended that the following rules are followed: The construction of tables must be straightforward, well-presented, and would not need further explanation. The stub and caption headings must accurately represent the data these contain. The numerical figures must be rounded off to the acceptable number of decimal places. The unit measurement must be clearly stated. A data table can be divided into two or three separate tables if the data is too large. The big class categories should be separated by thicker lines. On the other hand, thinner lines are used to separate small class categories. 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 10 Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data Check Your Progress What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a tabular presentation? ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Graphical Presentation It is best to use a graphical presentation of data to communicate the relationship of variables in an appealing and easy-to-understand manner. Graphical data is usually illustrated with graphs and diagrams. Unlike tabular data, the focus of graphical representation is less on the raw, quantitative aspect of the data; instead, it focuses on the substantial conclusions which can be drawn from the pieces of information. Typically, tabular data is required to produce the corresponding graphical representations. Closer Look Graph The graph below shows the Gross Value Added (GVA) share of specific industries from 2017 to 2020. From the graphical presentation, you can easily understand that the manufacturing industry has the largest share in GVA, while the mining and quarrying industry has a minor share. This information is relevant for assessing the business environment. 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 11 Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data Pie Chart The pie chart below shows the types of commodities exported by the Philippines from January to September 2020. From the graphical representation, you can easily conclude that the country mainly exports electronic products. Line Graph The line graph below shows the data on inflation rate from 2017 to 2020 (January to October). From the graphical presentation, you can easily understand that the year 2018 had the highest inflation rate compared to other years covered. 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 12 Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data Graphical presentation of data allows the presenter to compress pieces of information, making them more comprehensible. It effectively directs the attention of the users to the most substantial and important aspects of the internal and external business environment. Moreover, it helps users visualize, retain, and most importantly, act on the information presented. The next lesson will focus on the kinds and parts of graphical presentation of data. Check Your Progress Identify the technique in data presentation used: textual, tabular, or graphical. Use the space provided before each number upon answering. ___________________ In 2009, out of a total of six thousand factory workers, three thousand and five hundred were members of a Factory Worker Union. ___________________ Below is the presentation of data for those factory workers who filed and did not file a membership to the Factory Worker Union for the past three years. Status of 2007 2008 2009 Membership Member 2900 3200 3500 Non-member 2000 2600 2500 Total 4900 5800 6000 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 13 Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data ___________________ Below is the presentation of ABC Store’s profit for the last five months. ___________________ Below is the presentation of ages of the members of the ABC Community. ___________________ Thirty-four employee contracts were not renewed by the department for February. 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 14 Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data Case Study Present Your Data Like a Pro Every presentation has its data to be presented. However, presenting all the data you have gathered at once will not guarantee a good presentation. And so, the best and most practical way for you to express the data you have collected to your audience, or readers, is through the following tips below: 1. Make sure your data can be seen. 2. Focus most on the points your data illustrates. 3. Share one — and only one — major point from each chart. 4. Label chart components clearly. 5. Visually highlight “Aha!” zones. 6. Write a slide title that reinforces the data’s point. 7. Present to your audience, not to your data. It may take a lot of preparation to create one, but presenting your data clearly, and pointedly elevates your point’s credibility and integrity. Showing your data dreadfully not only wastes that opportunity but can harm your reputation as well. Harvard Business Review Joel Schwartzberg, “Present Your Data Like a Pro,” Harvard Business Review, 2020, https://hbr.org/2020/02/present-your-data-like-a-pro, last accessed on February 14 2020. 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 15 Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data Keep in Mind Business data is the information collected by enterprises to inform their decisions, operations, and strategy. It includes data on sales, expenses, revenue, customer information, lead generation, the situation of the business environment, advertising reach, and the like. It can be presented through textual, tabular, or graphical forms. A textual presentation is the most basic form of communicating business information. Its plain text format allows presenters to add qualitative statements. It is best used when the information is not extensive. A tabular presentation is a technique that uses columns and rows to organize massive amounts of data. It is effective in comparing and analyzing relevant fields and points of interest. A table has the following components: number, title, stubs, caption, body, source, and footnote. A graphical presentation shows the significant relationships between variables through graphs, charts, and diagrams. Examples of graphical presentation of data are bar graphs, line graphs, and pie charts. 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 16 Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data Try This Identification. Write the correct answer on the provided space before each number. ________________ 1. It tells the reader of the information they will see within the table. ________________ 2. It supplements the title of a table if required. ________________ 3. It organizes massive amounts of data using rows and columns. ________________ 4. These are collected information that are used as reference for a business’ daily operations. ________________ 5. These are classifications or categories commonly seen in the leftmost column of the table. ________________ 6. It presents information to help readers visualize the relationship between variables. ________________ 7. It tells the reader where the information has been collected. ________________ 8. It is the main part of the table. ________________ 9. It is used to name tables. It can also be cited anywhere in the text where it serves as a direct reference from the specific data mentioned in the table. ________________ 10. It presents details in paragraph form. 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 17 Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data Practice Your Skills Presenting Business Data Examine the table below. Perform the tasks for each number. Write your output on the space provided. 1. What is the table all about? Which part of the table communicates this information? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 18 Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data 2. What labels were indicated in the table’s stub? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What labels were indicated in the table’s caption? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Choose at least one relevant piece of information and present it in a textual manner. Make sure that you add a qualitative statement to your presentation. __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Using a bar graph, graphically present the production volume for every region. 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 19 Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data Challenge Yourself Answer the following questions. 1. Search the internet for examples of business data. Show the sample in the space provided below. Explain how business organizations could use the data you provided. 2. Using a graphic organizer, compare and contrast the textual, tabular, and graphical techniques in presenting business data. 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 20 Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data 3. XYZ Company plans to make a new product which targets the interest of the youth. As an employee from the Research Department, you are asked to search for the usual activities the youth do in urban and rural areas. You are asked to present these data under Table 1.2. Upon researching, you have obtained the following information from the study: Monitoring the Youth Activities: A Study of the Lifestyle and Values of the Youth, 2020. Below is the data you have collected: Seventy-four percent of the youth in rural areas tend to listen to the radio on a daily basis. Fifty-eight percent of the youth in rural areas watch television on a daily basis, while seventy-four percent of the youth in urban areas do the said activity. Thirty-two percent of the youth in rural areas read books, magazines, or newspapers on a daily basis, while forty-seven percent of the youth in urban areas do the said activity. Sixty-seven percent of the youth in rural areas get together with their friends weekly, while eighty-eight percent of the youth in urban areas do the said activity. Forty-five percent of the youth in rural areas watch movies at least once or twice a month, while sixty-two percent of the youth in urban areas do the said activity. Six percent of the youth in rural areas exercise almost daily, while forty-five percent of the youth in urban areas do the said activity. Create a tabular presentation of the given data above. Use the space provided for your work. 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 21 Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data Bibliography BTIPR Editorial Team. “Fact File 2020: Economic Impact of Covid-19 in the Philippines.” Department of Trade and Industry. Last accessed April 30, 2022. https://innovate.dti.gov.ph/about/btipr-services/fact-file/fact-file-2020/ BTIPR Editorial Team. “Fact File 2018: Philippine Rubber Industry.” Department of Trade and Industry. Last accessed April 30, 2022. https://innovate.dti.gov.ph/about/btipr-services/fact-file/fact-file-2018/ 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 22 Unit 5: Presentation and Analysis of Business Data National Council of Educational Research and Training. “Chapter 4: Presentation of Data.” Statistics for Economics. Last accessed, April 30, 2022. http://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/kest104.pdf Rey, Mia P. 2016. Teaching Guide for Senior High School Business Mathematics. Quezon City: Commission on Higher Education. Sterling, Mary Jane. Business Math for Dummies. NJ: Wiley, 2008. http://mis.kp.ac.rw/admin/admin_panel/kp_lms/files/digital/SelectiveBooks/Mathema tics/Business%20Math%20For%20Dummies%20-%20%20Mary%20Jane%20Sterling.p df. 5.1. Introduction to Presentation of Business Data 23