Gastrointestinal Tract Cytology 1 PDF

INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY Topic 5 GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT CYTOLOGY 1 Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL) | Where Knowledge Is Applied and Dreams Realised  PROGRAMME LEARNING OUTCOME (PLO)...

INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY Topic 5 GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT CYTOLOGY 1 Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL) | Where Knowledge Is Applied and Dreams Realised  PROGRAMME LEARNING OUTCOME (PLO) 2 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY  COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME (CLO) CLO1 Discuss various techniques involved in cytopathology investigations. (C5,PLO6) Integrate the fundamental knowledge and technique in CLO2 cytopathology diagnostic laboratory such as sample collection, staining and screening techniques. (P6,PLO2) CLO3 Prepare cytopathology report according to the specified format. (A2,PLO5) 3 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY  LESSON LEARNING OUTCOME At the end of the lesson, students are able to: Describe the anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract Explain the physiology of the gastrointestinal system 4 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY  LESSON OUTLINE Overview of gastrointestinal system Anatomy of the esophagus & deglutition (swallowing) Anatomy of the stomach & digestive activities in the stomach Anatomy of the small intestine, chemical digestion in the small intestine & absorption in the small intestine Anatomy of the large intestine, chemical digestion & absorption in the large intestine Phases of digestion 5 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY  Overview of gastrointestinal system Function Secretion of water, Ingestion acid, buffers & Mixing & propulsion enzymes into lumen Digestion Absorption Defecation Mechanical digestion: Passing into blood or Elimination of feces churns food lymph Chemical digestion: hydrolysis 6 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY  Organs of gastrointestinal system Gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal Accessory digestive organs Mouth Most of pharynx Teeth, tongue, salivary Esophagus glands Stomach Liver Small intestine Gallbladder Large intestine Pancreas 7 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY  8 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY  Layers of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) Mucosa Muscularis Epithelium: protection, Voluntary skeletal muscle secretion, absorption Found in mouth, pharynx, upper 2/3 Mucosa-associated lymphatic of esophagus, anal sphincter tissue (MALT) Involuntary smooth muscle –elsewhere Muscularis mucosae: thin layer Myenteric plexus –plexus of Aeurbach of smooth muscle making folds to increase surface area Serosa Submucosa Loose connective tissue + mesothelial cells Contains many blood & Outermost covering of organs lymphatic vessels suspended in abdominopelvic cavity Submucosal plexus –plexus of Also called visceral peritoneum Meissner Esophagus lacks serosa – has adventitia 9 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY  Layers of gastrointestinal tract 10 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY  Esophagus ~transports swallowed material from pharynx to stomach LAYER DESCRIPTION 2 sphincters: Mucosa Non-keratinized stratified squamous Upper esophageal sphincter (UES) Submucosa esophageal glands (mucus-secreting) regulates movement Muscularis Upper: skeletal muscle into esophagus Middle: skeletal & smooth muscle Lower esophageal Lower: smooth muscle sphincter (LES) Adventitia LCT –most of the esophagus regulates movement Serosa –distal 1-2cm of esophagus into stomach 11 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY  Esophagus 12 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY  Esophagus 13 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY Deglutition 14 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY Deglutition 15 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY  Stomach 16 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY Layers of the stomach wall 17 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY Layers of the stomach wall 18 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY Cells of the mucosa layer 19 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY Digestive activities in the stomach Activity Result Surface mucous cell Secrete mucus Forms a protective barrier from HCl Mucous neck cell Absorption Small quantity of H2O, ions, short-chain FA Parietal cell Secrete IF ~needed for vit.B12 absorptiom Secrete HCl Kills microbes in foodl denatures protein; converts pepsinogen to pepsin Chief cell Secrete pepsinogen In active form: breaks down proteins into peptides Secrete gastric lipase Splits TG → FA & monoglycerides G cell Secrete gastrin Stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCl & chief cell to secrete pepsinogen Muscularis Mixing waves Macerate food & mix it with gastric juice → forming chyme 20 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY Small intestine 21 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY Layers of the small intestine 22 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY Cells of the mucosa layer 23 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY Special features to increase surface area for digestion & absorption 24 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY  25 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY  26 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY Regional characteristic of the small intestine 27 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY Chemical digestion in the small intestine 28 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY Chemical digestion in the small intestine 29 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY Chemical digestion in the small intestine 30 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY Absorption in the small intestine 31 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY  Mechanisms for movement of nutrients through absorptive epithelial cells of the villi 32 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY Large intestine 33 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY Large intestine 34 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY  Layers of the large intestine (colon) 35 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY  Layers of the large intestine (colon) 36 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY Mucosa layer of the large intestine (colon) 37 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY Mucosa layer of the large intestine (colon) 38 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY  Rectum-anal canal 39 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY  Rectum-anal canal 40 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY  Chemical digestion & absorption in the large intestine 41 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY Phases of digestion 42 HDB30303 CLINICAL LABORATORY CYTOPATHOLOGY THANK YOU UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR © Copyright of Universiti Teknikal MARA Sdn. 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