Spinal Cord (1) Lecture Notes 2024 PDF

OLS OMEr's LECTURES SERIES Clinical and applied anatomy neuroscience SPINAL CORD (1) By Dr. omer abdelsalam mohammed musa 2024 DR.OMEr's PPT Objectives: By the end of this lecture the student should be able to; - De...

OLS OMEr's LECTURES SERIES Clinical and applied anatomy neuroscience SPINAL CORD (1) By Dr. omer abdelsalam mohammed musa 2024 DR.OMEr's PPT Objectives: By the end of this lecture the student should be able to; - Describe The morphology of spinal cord. - Discuss the segments of spinal cord and spinal nerves 2 DR.OMEr's PPT  Introduction - About 45 cm long in adult. - Weighs about 30 g in adult - Is derived from the caudal part of the neural tube. - Is surrounded by three covers (membranes), the meninges. 3 DR.OMEr's PPT  External Morphology - Resides inside vertebral canal - Extends from the foramen magnum to the level of the vertebra L1 or L2 in adult. - Protected by bone, meninges, and CSF 4 DR.OMEr's PPT  Spinal nerves - 31 pairs of spinal nerves. - 31 segments, each associated with a pair of dorsal root ganglia - Conus medullaris – the inferior end of the spinal cord. 5 DR.OMEr's PPT 6 DR.OMEr's PPT - Cauda equina – collection of nerve roots. - Filum terminale – long filament of (one of meningeal layers) connective tissue Attaches to the coccyx inferiorly 7 DR.OMEr's PPT  Cervical and lumbar enlargements - Where nerves for upper and lower limbs arise and form plexuses called cervical, brachial and lumbar plexuses. - 8 DR.OMEr's PPT  Cross section- internal features 9 DR.OMEr's PPT  Origin and organization of Spinal Nerves 1. Root – inside vertebral canal FG14_07b a. dorsal sensory root with a ganglion b. ventral motor 2. Trunk - Mixed spinal nerves 3. Rami a. dorsal - mixed to skin and muscles of back b. ventral - mixed “spinal nerve” to ventrolateral body surfaces and limbs c. white ramus communicans motor ANS d. gray ramus communicans motor ANS 10 DR.OMEr's PPT  Segment of the spinal cord and short reflex arc 11 DR.OMEr's PPT  Dermatomes - Sensory innervations by specific spinal nerves  Each pair of spinal nerves monitors specific region of body surface. Clinical significance ? 12 DR.OMEr's PPT  Lumbar Puncture = (Spinal Tap) L3 L4 For clinical examination of CSF or administration of radiopaque dyes, drugs and sometimes anesthetics However: mostly “epidurals” for anesthetics 13 DR.OMEr's PPT 14 DR.OMEr's PPT