5 Need Assessment.pptx
Transcript
HPPPE Needs Assessment Dr. Yahya Alamir BSN, MAP, PhD ,Assistant Professor Public Health, Social & Behavioral Sciences Session 5 Need Assessment What is a needs ?assessment A Need What is a need? Needs: The difference between: “what is” (the current status or state) and “what should...
HPPPE Needs Assessment Dr. Yahya Alamir BSN, MAP, PhD ,Assistant Professor Public Health, Social & Behavioral Sciences Session 5 Need Assessment What is a needs ?assessment A Need What is a need? Needs: The difference between: “what is” (the current status or state) and “what should be” (the desired status or state) A needs assessment: Is a formalized approach to collecting data in order to identify the needs of a group of individuals. Understanding how the health of a group of individuals at a site might be improved requires information on both their current health status and their ideal health status. Where? From whom? Setting/Target for NA Community needs assessment: Individuals living in a specific geographic area such as a city, village, province, or nation. Schools, Universities, Hospitals, and Worksites. OR/ A group of people who share specific characteristics What should be involved in NA? Aspects Needs assessment can also assess (in addition to individuals’ needs): The interpersonal, Institutional, Community, and Policy factors that impact the health of a given group .of people Ecological-based Assessment This includes an assessment of a wide variety of social determinants of health such as: Unemployment, Poverty, Educational Insurance Access attainment, status, to health care, ...…and many more Understanding all of these issues helps to reduce the gap between: “what is” and “what should be.” The results of a needs assessment: Provide a foundation for the work of planning a health promotion program that addresses identified health problems and concerns. Can be used to help allocate health resources and to establish a baseline against which to gauge the effectiveness of the program (through evaluation of interventions). Data Collection for NA There are 2 major categories of data: Primary Data: are new, original data that did not exist before, obtained directly from individuals at the site, usually by means of surveys, interviews, focus groups, or direct observation. Secondary Data: already exist because they were collected by someone for another purpose. sources include Healthy People information, vital records, census data. Information/data to be collected Information can be divided into 2 broad categories Quantitative data are statistical information (percentages, means, or correlations). Qualitative data are more narrative (perceptions and misperceptions of community members in regard to quality-of-life issues in the community. (Qualitative methods include interviews, focus groups, and observational methods) Conducting Needs Assessment Steps of NA Needs assessments consist of four basic steps: 1) Determining the scope of the assessment, 2) Gathering data, 3) Analyzing the data, and 4) Reporting the findings. Determining the scope of -1 the assessment Work with stakeholders to determine the scope of the work and the purpose of the needs assessment. Ask: Who will be involved? What decisions will be based on the needs assessment? Who will use the results to make decisions about the intervention or prevention Gathering data -2 Gather only the needed data. Consider culturally appropriate data-gathering approaches tailored to the priority population and setting. Gather multiple types of data—both qualitative and quantitative. Example: mortality rate 3- Analyzing the data 4- Reporting the findings Establishing Priorities Establishing Priorities Deciding on program priorities will be based on need assessment data: (numbers, summaries of interviews, and secondary data reports). First: group the data to facilitate ratings by dividing them into three areas: Types of death or disability, Behavioral risk factors, and Non-behavioral risk factors (social, physical, and environmental factors that affect health.) Then: prioritize what to address within each group and among groups. Identifying which problems to address will require criteria to be established: (for example) Importance, Feasibility of change, Magnitude of problem, and Cost . Some questions to ask The following issues might be factors to consider in establishing program priorities at a site: How large is the discrepancy between the incidence of the health problem locally and the incidence at state or national levels? How many individuals are affected by the health problem? Which problem has the greatest impact on disability or mortality? What will be the consequences if the health problem is not corrected? Would other health-related problems be reduced if this health problem were reduced? How difficult would it be to correct the health problem? How many resources would be required to solve the health-related problem? What are the barriers (obstacles) to correcting the health-related problem? Simple method of establishing priorities The criteria will probably need to be weighed numerically. One simple method of establishing priorities is to use only two categories to assess each healthrelated problem: Importance Feasibility Importance factors include: Number of people affected, Mortality rate, and Potential impact on the population. Feasibility factors include: How difficult it will be to correct the problem, Availability of resources, Effectiveness of available interventions, and Potential acceptance of solutions at the site. Feasibility Importanc e High (3) Moderate (2) Low (1) High (3) points 6 points 5 points 4 Moderate (2) points 5 points 4 points 3 Low (1) points 4 points 3 points 2 Task 3- Class work Identify the following: Stakeholder How are you going to collect data? Establishing priorities (Health issues and behavioral issues) Using the table Due to Now Write down for your assignment Thanks Good Luck
