5 Need Assessment.pptx

HPPPE Needs Assessment Dr. Yahya Alamir BSN, MAP, PhD ,Assistant Professor Public Health, Social & Behavioral Sciences Session 5 Need Assessment What is a needs ?assessment A Need  What is a need?  Needs: The difference between:   “what is” (the current status or state) and “what should...

HPPPE Needs Assessment Dr. Yahya Alamir BSN, MAP, PhD ,Assistant Professor Public Health, Social & Behavioral Sciences Session 5 Need Assessment What is a needs ?assessment A Need  What is a need?  Needs: The difference between:   “what is” (the current status or state) and “what should be” (the desired status or state) A needs assessment:  Is a formalized approach to collecting data in order to identify the needs of a group of individuals.  Understanding how the health of a group of individuals at a site might be improved requires information on both their current health status and their ideal health status. Where? From whom? Setting/Target for NA  Community needs assessment: Individuals living in a specific geographic area such as a city, village, province, or nation.  Schools, Universities, Hospitals, and Worksites.  OR/ A group of people who share specific characteristics What should be involved in NA? Aspects  Needs assessment can also assess (in addition to individuals’ needs):  The interpersonal,  Institutional,  Community, and  Policy factors that impact the health of a given group .of people Ecological-based Assessment  This includes an assessment of a wide variety of social determinants of health such as:  Unemployment,  Poverty,  Educational  Insurance  Access attainment, status, to health care, ...…and many more  Understanding all of these issues helps to reduce the gap between: “what is” and “what should be.”  The results of a needs assessment:  Provide a foundation for the work of planning a health promotion program that addresses identified health problems and concerns.  Can be used to help allocate health resources and to establish a baseline against which to gauge the effectiveness of the program (through evaluation of interventions). Data Collection for NA There are 2 major categories of data:  Primary Data: are new, original data that did not exist before, obtained directly from individuals at the site, usually by means of surveys, interviews, focus groups, or direct observation.  Secondary Data: already exist because they were collected by someone for another purpose. sources include Healthy People information, vital records, census data. Information/data to be collected Information can be divided into 2 broad categories  Quantitative data are statistical information (percentages, means, or correlations).  Qualitative data are more narrative (perceptions and misperceptions of community members in regard to quality-of-life issues in the community. (Qualitative methods include interviews, focus groups, and observational methods) Conducting Needs Assessment Steps of NA  Needs assessments consist of four basic steps: 1) Determining the scope of the assessment, 2) Gathering data, 3) Analyzing the data, and 4) Reporting the findings. Determining the scope of -1 the assessment  Work with stakeholders to determine the scope of the work and the purpose of the needs assessment.  Ask:  Who will be involved?  What decisions will be based on the needs assessment?  Who will use the results to make decisions about the intervention or prevention Gathering data -2  Gather only the needed data.  Consider culturally appropriate data-gathering approaches tailored to the priority population and setting.  Gather multiple types of data—both qualitative and quantitative.  Example: mortality rate 3- Analyzing the data 4- Reporting the findings Establishing Priorities Establishing Priorities  Deciding on program priorities will be based on need assessment data: (numbers, summaries of interviews, and secondary data reports).  First: group the data to facilitate ratings by dividing them into three areas:  Types of death or disability,  Behavioral risk factors, and  Non-behavioral risk factors (social, physical, and environmental factors that affect health.)  Then: prioritize what to address within each group and among groups.  Identifying which problems to address will require criteria to be established: (for example)  Importance,  Feasibility of change,  Magnitude of problem, and  Cost . Some questions to ask  The following issues might be factors to consider in establishing program priorities at a site:  How large is the discrepancy between the incidence of the health problem locally and the incidence at state or national levels?  How many individuals are affected by the health problem?  Which problem has the greatest impact on disability or mortality?  What will be the consequences if the health problem is not corrected?  Would other health-related problems be reduced if this health problem were reduced?  How difficult would it be to correct the health problem?  How many resources would be required to solve the health-related problem?  What are the barriers (obstacles) to correcting the health-related problem? Simple method of establishing priorities  The criteria will probably need to be weighed numerically.  One simple method of establishing priorities is to use only two categories to assess each healthrelated problem:  Importance  Feasibility  Importance factors include:  Number of people affected,  Mortality rate, and  Potential impact on the population.  Feasibility factors include:  How difficult it will be to correct the problem,  Availability of resources,  Effectiveness of available interventions, and  Potential acceptance of solutions at the site. Feasibility Importanc e High (3) Moderate (2) Low (1) High (3) points 6 points 5 points 4 Moderate (2) points 5 points 4 points 3 Low (1) points 4 points 3 points 2 Task 3- Class work   Identify the following:  Stakeholder  How are you going to collect data? Establishing priorities (Health issues and behavioral issues)  Using the table  Due to Now  Write down for your assignment Thanks Good Luck