Carbohydrate PDF

CARBOHYDRATE SOFEE MD AKHLAK Content 1. Define carbohydrate 2. State the types of carbohydrate 3. Describe hydrolysis 4. Describe dehydration synthesis 5. State the different structure of monosaccharide 6. Explain the functions of carbohydrate 7. Explain the fate of glucose  Eleme...

CARBOHYDRATE SOFEE MD AKHLAK Content 1. Define carbohydrate 2. State the types of carbohydrate 3. Describe hydrolysis 4. Describe dehydration synthesis 5. State the different structure of monosaccharide 6. Explain the functions of carbohydrate 7. Explain the fate of glucose  Elements: ✔ Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen ✔ Ratio: 1:2:1 ✔ Incude: Sugar - plants Glycogen – stored glucose in liver and muscles Starch - plants Cellulose – plants – fibers (undigested and acts as a bulk) ✔ Represents 2-3% of total body mass Types of Carbohydrate 1. Monosaccharides 2. Disaccharides 3. Polysaccharides  Structures of monosaccharide ✔ Monosaccharide contains 3-7 carbon atoms 3 carbon atoms – trioses 4 carbon atoms – tetroses 5 carbon atoms – pentoses 6 carbon atoms – hexoses 7 carbon atoms – heptoses ❑ Functions: ✔ Energy source – ATP (adenosine triphosphate) – for cellular metabolism ✔ Energy storage – glycogen ✔ Forms integral part of structure of DNA and RNA ✔ Can act as a receptors on cell surface, allowing the cell to recognise other molecules Recap:  FATE OF GLUCOSE 1. ATP production ✔ Glucose is oxidized to produce ATP 2. Amino acid synthesis ✔ Glucose can be used to form several amino acids by cells throughout the body 3. Glycogen synthesis ✔ Hepatocyte and muscle fibers can perform glycogenesis ✔ Hundreds of glucose monomers are combined to form polysaccharide glycogen for storage  4. Triglyceride synthesis ✔ Excess glucose are converted to glycerol and fatty acids for synthesis of triglyceride to be deposited in adipose tissue END