Quaternity Theory Lecture Notes PDF

INTRODUCTION TO LITERARY THEORIES Term 2 | UNIT 5 | English 10 Ponder silently on this: (1 minute) According to Horace, Literature has a three-fold function: to be beautiful (dolce); and to be useful (utile); to be moving (movere)  QUESTION & ANSWER TIME! How does be...

INTRODUCTION TO LITERARY THEORIES Term 2 | UNIT 5 | English 10 Ponder silently on this: (1 minute) According to Horace, Literature has a three-fold function: to be beautiful (dolce); and to be useful (utile); to be moving (movere)  QUESTION & ANSWER TIME! How does beauty & sweetness How about utility or use? What In what instance did Literature emerge from Literature? is the use of Literature? move your and your soul?  DEFINING THE WORD: LITERATURE Literature is… Imaginative An escape from reality Collection of books Body of work THE QUATERNITY THEORY MH Abrams  I can differentiate the four LEARNING ways by TARGET: which a text can be analyzed. THE QUATERNITY THEORY MH Abrams  An American literary critic who revolutionized the study of the Romantic period Famous for writing The Mirror and the Lamp: Romantic Theory and the Critical Tradition Pre-romantic Period = mirror (reflection of outward reality) M. H. Abrams (Mayer Howard Abrams) Post-romantic Period = lamp (illumination shed by artists upon their inner and outer worlds  Text – Text Itself THE Text – Author QUATERNITY THEORY Text – Audience Text – World  UNIVERSE THE QUATERNITY WORK THEORY ARTIST AUDIENCE  Text – Text Itself THE QUATERNITY How do you analyze this THEORY literary text in relation to itself? The language? Structure?  Text – Text Itself THE i.e., the text itself, as QUATERNITY artifact, and a supposedly THEORY objective analysis of purely aesthetic matters (think "textbook" literary terms);  Text – Author THE QUATERNITY How do you analyze this THEORY literary text in relation to its author? William Shakespeare was a renowned English poet, playwright, and actor born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. His birthday is most commonly celebrated on 23 April, which is also believed to be the date he died in 1616.  Text – Author THE QUATERNITY i.e., the author (and his/her THEORY inner, inspired, self- expressive/emotive, soul- burning "LAMP");  Text – Reader THE QUATERNITY How about if you analyze THEORY this text in relation to its readers? To you?  Text – Reader i.e., the reader(s); key terms THE here include "affective" and QUATERNITY THEORY "pragmatic" (that is, how does the work move the reader, to emotional response, or even action?);  Text – World THE QUATERNITY How do you analyze this THEORY literary text in relation to the society that we live in? To the world?  Text – World i.e., the "world" (and culture) out THE there, "outside" the QUATERNITY author/text/reader; THEORY think the "real world" (as in art being a realistic or Platonic "MIRROR" [mimesis] of said world); or (more usually today).  Text – Text Itself THE Text – Author QUATERNITY THEORY Text – Audience Text – World QUICK TEST ON QUATERNITY THEORY 5 Multiple Choice Items. Prepare ¼ sheet of paper. 1. In the novel "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald, what critical approach would analyze the influence of Fitzgerald's own experiences and societal changes of the Roaring Twenties on the portrayal of characters and themes in the text? A. Text to World (Mimetic Criticism) B.Text to Author (Expressive Criticism) C.Text to Reader (Pragmatic Criticism) D.Text to Text Itself (Objective Criticism) 2. When examining "1984" by George Orwell and considering how the dystopian elements in the novel reflect broader political ideologies and fears of totalitarianism during the mid-20th century, which critical approach are you applying? A. Text to Author (Expressive Criticism) B.Text to World (Mimetic Criticism) C.Text to Reader (Pragmatic Criticism) D.Text to Text Itself (Objective Criticism) 3. A book club discusses a novel, emphasizing the diverse interpretations and emotional responses of its members. Which critical approach characterizes the book club's discussion? A. Text to Reader (Pragmatic Criticism) B.Text to World (Mimetic Criticism) C.Text to Author (Expressive Criticism) D.Text to Text Itself (Objective Criticism) 4. A literature professor examines a short story, emphasizing the structural elements, language choices, and narrative techniques within the text without considering external factors. Which critical approach is the professor employing? A. Text to Reader (Pragmatic Criticism) B.Text to World (Mimetic Criticism) C.Text to Author (Expressive Criticism) D.Text to Text Itself (Objective Criticism) 5. When studying Shakespeare's "Hamlet" and focusing on how different readers might interpret and emotionally respond to the character of Hamlet, which critical approach is being employed? A. Text to World (Mimetic Criticism) B.Text to Author (Expressive Criticism) C.Text to Reader (Pragmatic Criticism) D.Text to Text Itself (Objective Criticism) 1. In the novel "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald, what critical approach would analyze the influence of Fitzgerald's own experiences and societal changes of the Roaring Twenties on the portrayal of characters and themes in the text? A. Text to World (Mimetic Criticism) B.Text to Author (Expressive Criticism) C.Text to Reader (Pragmatic Criticism) D.Text to Text Itself (Objective Criticism) 2. When examining "1984" by George Orwell and considering how the dystopian elements in the novel reflect broader political ideologies and fears of totalitarianism during the mid-20th century, which critical approach are you applying? A. Text to Author (Expressive Criticism) B.Text to World (Mimetic Criticism) C.Text to Reader (Pragmatic Criticism) D.Text to Text Itself (Objective Criticism) 3. A book club discusses a novel, emphasizing the diverse interpretations and emotional responses of its members. Which critical approach characterizes the book club's discussion? A. Text to Reader (Pragmatic Criticism) B.Text to World (Mimetic Criticism) C.Text to Author (Expressive Criticism) D.Text to Text Itself (Objective Criticism) 4. A literature professor examines a short story, emphasizing the structural elements, language choices, and narrative techniques within the text without considering external factors. Which critical approach is the professor employing? A. Text to Reader (Pragmatic Criticism) B.Text to World (Mimetic Criticism) C.Text to Author (Expressive Criticism) D.Text to Text Itself (Objective Criticism) 5. When studying Shakespeare's "Hamlet" and focusing on how different readers might interpret and emotionally respond to the character of Hamlet, which critical approach is being employed? A. Text to World (Mimetic Criticism) B.Text to Author (Expressive Criticism) C.Text to Reader (Pragmatic Criticism) D.Text to Text Itself (Objective Criticism)  ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY: What did you learn today?  Read and print a copy of the story/fairy tale, Little Snow ASSIGNMENT: White1. Research as well the author of the story—if it is available.