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# Rise of Ancient Civilizations ## Definition of Civilization The word "civilization" comes from the Latin word "civilis," meaning "of the citizens." In a broader sense, it refers to the condition of people in cities. Historians generally think that a society has the following features: * Peopl...

# Rise of Ancient Civilizations ## Definition of Civilization The word "civilization" comes from the Latin word "civilis," meaning "of the citizens." In a broader sense, it refers to the condition of people in cities. Historians generally think that a society has the following features: * People settle in cities. * People invent writing for making records and communication. * People set up a government to protect their lives and properties. * People also make laws to maintain public order. * People have religious beliefs and practices including objects of worship, religious figures, rituals, and so on. * People develop science and technology based on their needs and experiences of their predecessors. The use of cities and the invention of writing are the main criteria for determining if a society is civilized or not. They are also closely related to the birth of ancient civilizations (see p.23). ## F.1 History - Stone Age (Worksheet) ### 1. The Earliest People | Feature | Description | |---|---| | **What?** | The record and study of post-human events | | **Where?** | Africa, Asia and Europe | | **When?** | More than four million years ago | ### 2. Division of Historical Periods | Period | Description | |---|---| | Prehistoric times | The period before writing was invented. Old and New Stone Age (2,500,000 BC - 4,000 BC)| | Historic times | The period after the invention of writing. Sumerians (first writing). Started around 4000 BC.| ### 3. Timeline #### Method 1 - Writing | Time Period | Description | |---|---| | 4,000,000 BC | | | 2,500,000 BC | | | 10,000 BC | | | 4,000 BC | | #### Method 2 - Nature of Tool Two important discoveries took place around 4000 BC that ended the Stone Age and Prehistoric Times **a. The Invention of Writing** * Humans invented writing for making records and communication. * A civilized society was formed. * Historic times started. **b. Use of Metal** * They learned to process different metals and made stronger and sharper metal tools. * Metal Ages began. **Note:** The image shows a diagram of human evolution, labeled as "The record and study of post-human events". A table showing time periods labeled as "Timeline" and the "Method 2" table is also present, detailing the invention of writing and use of metal. There is also a drawing of an ancient city with a key showing different features of the city labeled.