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# Applied Microbiology ## Industrial Microbiology **Main features:** * Various productions with the help of fermentation processes (e.g., bread, cheese, wine, raw materials for chemicals, enzymes, nutrients, medicines, etc.) * Use of microbes for garbage management and pollution control. ## Can...

# Applied Microbiology ## Industrial Microbiology **Main features:** * Various productions with the help of fermentation processes (e.g., bread, cheese, wine, raw materials for chemicals, enzymes, nutrients, medicines, etc.) * Use of microbes for garbage management and pollution control. ## Can you recall? **Dairy Products:** Since ancient times, milk has been converted to various products for preservation. Examples include cheese, butter, cream, kefir, yogurt, etc. The water content and acidity of the milk change during production, improving the texture, taste, and flavor. These processes are conducted on a large scale using specialized skills. While most milk product production uses bacteria, cheese production sometimes uses fungi. A basic process for yogurt, cheese, and cream production involves first pasteurizing the milk to eliminate unwanted microbes, then fermenting it with lactobacilli. The process converts lactose sugar to lactic acid, which coagulates milk proteins, and produces compounds which add taste and flavor (e.g., diacetyl, which gives butter flavor). **Which different microbes are useful to us?** **Which different products can be produced with the help of microbes?** Microbes are helpful in various food and medicine productions, on a large scale. This is known as applied microbiology. Understanding enzymes from prokaryotes and eukaryotes, as well as proteins and genetics, is used in molecular biology in applied microbiology. Microbes are also useful in commercial, societal and environmental processes.