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# The Central Nervous System: Functional Anatomy of the Brain & Spinal Cord ## Diencephalon **23.** Structure that forms the roof of the third ventricle; Houses the pineal body (an endocrine gland); Includes the choroid plexus; forms cerebrospinal fluid **24.** Structure that makes up the floor o...

# The Central Nervous System: Functional Anatomy of the Brain & Spinal Cord ## Diencephalon **23.** Structure that forms the roof of the third ventricle; Houses the pineal body (an endocrine gland); Includes the choroid plexus; forms cerebrospinal fluid **24.** Structure that makes up the floor of the diencephalon; Important autonomic nervous system center; Regulates body temperature, water balance, and metabolism; Houses the limbic center for emotions; Regulates the nearby pituitary gland; Houses mammillary bodies for olfaction (smell) **25.** Structure that encloses the third ventricle; Relay station for sensory impulses passing upward to the cerebral cortex; Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation **Key Terms:** * a. Thalamus * b. Hypothalamus * c. Hypothalamus * d. Epithalamus * e. Subthalamus ## Brain Stem **26.** Structure that is a rounded structure protruding just below the midbrain; Mostly composed of fiber tracts; Includes nuclei involved in the control of breathing **27.** Structure that is the most inferior part of the brain stem that merges into the spinal cord; Includes important fiber tracts; Contains important centers that control: Heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, vomiting **28.** Structure that extends from the mammillary bodies to the pons inferiorly; Cerebral aqueduct (tiny canal) connects the third and fourth ventricles; Two bulging fiber tracts (cerebral peduncles) that convey ascending and descending impulses; Four rounded protrusions (corpora quadrigemina) acting as visual and auditory reflex centers **29.** Structure that has a diffuse mass of gray matter along the brain stem involved in motor control of visceral organs; plays a role in awake/sleep cycles and consciousness; Filters incoming sensory information * a. Reticular Formation * b. Medulla Oblongata * c. Basal nuclei * d. Midbrain * e. Pons