#4 Unit 5 Vital Signs LT (1).pptx

Vital Signs Lynnette Taylor MSN/Ed, RN Ventura College School of Nursing Temp (T) Vital Signs: TPRBP Pulse (P) Respiration (R) Blood pressure (BP) Pain (0/10) Normal Ranges for Healthy Adults Oral temperature—37.0°C, 98.6°F Pulse rate—60 to 100 (80 average) Respirations—12 to 20 breaths/min Blood pr...

Vital Signs Lynnette Taylor MSN/Ed, RN Ventura College School of Nursing Temp (T) Vital Signs: TPRBP Pulse (P) Respiration (R) Blood pressure (BP) Pain (0/10) Normal Ranges for Healthy Adults Oral temperature—37.0°C, 98.6°F Pulse rate—60 to 100 (80 average) Respirations—12 to 20 breaths/min Blood pressure—120/80 ? Appropria te Times to Measure Vital Signs ? ? ? ? ? Normal Temperatures for Healthy Adults Oral: 37.0°C, 98.6°F Rectal: 37.5°C, 99.5°F Axillary: 36.5°C, 97.7°F Tympanic: 37.5ºC, 99.5°F Forehead: 34.4°C, 94.0°F Factors Affecting Body Temperature Circadian rhythms Age and gender Physical activity State of health Environmental temperature Types of Heat Loss Characteristics of the Peripheral Pulse Rate: Normal, tachycardia, bradycardia Amplitude and quality (strong or weak) Rhythm Stroke volume: volume of blood ejected with each heartbeat Pulmonary ventilation Inhalation Exhalation Diffusion Perfusion Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and blood Exchange of O2 and CO2 between circulating blood and tissue cells Respirations Rate and Depth of Breathing Changes in response to tissue demands Controlled by medulla and pons Activated by chemoreceptors Increase in CO2 is the most powerful respiratory stimulant Eupnea Tachypnea Respirato ry Rates Bradypnea Apnea Dyspnea Orthopnea ??????? Factors Affecting Blood Pressure Major Classification s of Hypertension Primary (essential) Secondary Characterized by an increase above normal in both systolic and diastolic pressures No known cause Caused by another disease condition Common causes include kidney disease, adrenal cortex disorders, and aorta disorders Categories of Antihypertensive Medications Diuretics (to decrease fluid volume) Beta-adrenergic blockers (to block sympathetic stimulation and decrease cardiac output) Vasodilators and calcium channel blockers (to relax smooth muscles of arterioles and decrease peripheral vascular resistance) ACE inhibitors (to prevent vasoconstriction by angiotensin II and decrease circulatory fluid volume by reducing aldosterone production 15 Let’s Test our Knowledg e What is the term for the heat that is lost when a person goes out in the cold without a hat? A. Convection B. Radiation C. Evaporation D. Conduction Answer: B. Radiation Rationale: Radiation is the diffusion or dissemination of heat by electromagnetic waves, such as occurs with an uncovered head. Convection is the dissemination of heat by motion between areas of unequal density. Evaporation is the conversion of a liquid to a vapor. Conduction is the transfer of heat to another The normal pulse rate for adolescents and adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats/min. A. True B. False Answer: A. True Rationale: The normal pulse rate for adolescents and adults ranges from 60 to 100 Which pulse site is located on the inside of the elbow? A. Temporal B. Radial C Femoral D. Brachial Answer: D. Brachial Rationale: The brachial pulse site is located on the inner elbow. The temporal site is located on the side of the head, the radial site is on the wrist, and the femoral site is located on the groin. References Taylor, C., Lillis, C., Lynn, P., & LeMone, P. (2019). Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of personcentered care (8th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.