Permanent Canines Lecture PDF

Permanent Canines Salma Ahmed Mohammed Shammet Introduction ⬢ Learning Objectives: 1. Describe anatomical features of maxillary and mandibular canines. 2. Highlight differences between maxillary and mandibular canines. 3. Understand clinical considerations of canines...

Permanent Canines Salma Ahmed Mohammed Shammet Introduction ⬢ Learning Objectives: 1. Describe anatomical features of maxillary and mandibular canines. 2. Highlight differences between maxillary and mandibular canines. 3. Understand clinical considerations of canines 2 General Characteristics ⬢ Function: Designed for tearing and holding. ⬢ Position: Cornerstones of the arch, contributing to esthetics and stability. ⬢ Uniqueness: Longest teeth and roots in the mouth. ⬢ The canine is considered the cornerstone of the dental arch due to its pivotal role in guiding the bite and maintaining dental stability. 3 Development and eruption ⬢ Initiation: 4-5 months. ⬢ Completion of Enamel: 6-7 years. ⬢ Eruption: Maxillary 11-12, Mandibular 9-10 years. ⬢ Root Completion: Maxillary 13-15, Mandibular 12-14 years 4 Numbering system Maxillary Right Left Universal 6 11 Palmer 3 3 International 13 23 5 Numbering system Mandibular Right Left Universal 22 27 Palmer 3 3 International 33 43 6 Detailed Anatomy of Maxillary Canine 7 Crown Features: ⬢ Labial Surface: - Shape: Convex with a pronounced middle labial ridge. - Features: - Mesial slope shorter than distal; - sharp cusp tip. - Clinical Notes: Prominent esthetic and functional role. 8  Crown Features: ⬢ Lingual Surface: - Shape: Concave with well-developed anatomy. - Features: Prominent cingulum, marginal ridges, and fossae. - Clinical Notes: Deep grooves can be prone to decay. 9 Crown Features: ⬢ Mesial surface: - Shape: Triangular with a well-defined CEJ curvature. - - Features: Contact area at the junction of the incisal and middle thirds. 10 Crown Features: ⬢ Distal surface - Shape: Similar to the mesial but more convex. - Features: Contact area located in the middle third. 11 Crown Features: ⬢ Mesial vs Distal surface - Mesial has Straighter profile compared to the convex profile of distal. - Mesial has a greater curvature compared to the distal surface. - Mesial contact area is closer to the incisal edge, while distal is more cervical - Distal surface Tends to show a slight depression near the cervical area. - The mesial Incisal edge is straighter, while the distal edge has a more rounded or sloped contour 12 Crown Features: ⬢ Incisal Edge: - Shape: Asymmetrical diamond-shaped outline. - Features: - Cusp tip is centered labiolingually and slightly mesial to the center. - Mesial portion of the crown appears bulkier compared to the distal. - Pronounced labial ridge visible from this angle. - Labiolingual Width: Greater than the mesiodistal width, contributing to the tooth’s strength. - Function: Provides tearing and guiding functions in occlusion. 13 Root feature ⬢ Shape: Long, conical, tapering toward the apex. ⬢ Features: Oval cross-section, possible longitudinal grooves. ⬢ Clinical Notes: Long root ensures stability. 14 Dimensions and measurements ⬢ Crown Length: 10 mm. ⬢ Root Length: 17 mm. ⬢ Mesiodistal Diameter: 7.5 mm. ⬢ Labiolingual Diameter: 8 mm. 15 Detailed Anatomy of Mandibular Canines 16 Comparative features to central Incisor ⬢ Cusp Tip: Maxillary is sharper; mandibular is blunter. ⬢ Labial Surface: Maxillary is more convex; mandibular is flatter. ⬢ Lingual Anatomy: Maxillary is well- developed; mandibular is smoother. 17 Crown Features ⬢ Labial Surface: - Shape: Convex with a pronounced middle labial ridge. - Features: Mesial slope shorter than distal; sharp cusp tip. - Clinical Notes: Prominent esthetic and functional role. - Less convex and flatter than maxillary canines 18 Crown Features ⬢ Lingual Surface: - Shape: Concave with well-developed anatomy. - Features: Prominent cingulum, marginal ridges, and fossae. - Clinical Notes: Deep grooves can be prone to decay. - Less prominent and smoother than maxillary canines 19 Crown Features ⬢ Mesial surface: - Shape: Triangular with a well-defined CEJ curvature. - Features: Contact area at the junction of the incisal and middle thirds. 20 Crown Features ⬢ Distal surface: - Shape: Similar to the mesial but more convex. - Features: Contact area located in the middle third. - CEJ curvature has less curvature than mesial 21 Crown Features ⬢ Incisal Edge: - Shape: Symmetrical and slightly more elongated in the mesiodistal direction compared to the maxillary canine. - Features: - Cusp tip is slightly lingual to the labiolingual center. - Less pronounced labial ridge compared to the maxillary canine. - Crown appears narrower and more slender overall. - Labiolingual Width: Also greater than mesiodistal width but less prominent than the maxillary canine. - Function: Assists in tearing and guiding mandibular movements, with less emphasis on esthetics. 22 Root Features ⬢ Shape: Long, conical, tapering toward the apex. ⬢ Features: Oval cross-section, possible longitudinal grooves. ⬢ Clinical Notes: Long root ensures stability. ⬢ Shorter, narrower, and often straighter in maxillary canine. 23 Dimensions and measurements ⬢ Crown Length: 11 mm. ⬢ Root Length: 16 mm. ⬢ Mesiodistal Diameter: 7 mm. ⬢ Labiolingual Diameter: 7.5 mm. 24 Clinical Relevance of permanent Canines 25 Maxillary Canines ⬢ Impaction and Eruption Challenges: - The maxillary canine is the second most frequently impacted tooth (after third molars). - This occurs due to its long eruption path and delayed eruption compared to other teeth. - Impaction may require orthodontic or surgical intervention. 26 Maxillary Canines ⬢ Esthetic and Functional Importance: - Plays a crucial role in smile esthetics due to its prominent position and unique shape. - Contributes to facial symmetry and support for the upper lip. 27 Maxillary Canines ⬢ Guidance in Occlusion: - Acts as a cornerstone of the arch, providing canine guidance during lateral movements of the jaw. - Protects posterior teeth from excessive wear during excursive movements (canine- protected occlusion). 28 Maxillary Canines ⬢ Periodontal Concerns: Pronounced labial convexity and prominent cingulum can make plaque removal challenging ⬢ Restorative Challenges: - Large, prominent roots require careful endodontic treatment if needed. - Restorative or prosthetic work should preserve the canine’s esthetic and functional integrity. 29 Mandibular Canines ⬢ Abutment for Prosthetics: Strong and well- anchored roots make mandibular canines excellent abutments for bridges and removable partial dentures. ⬢ Root Morphology Challenges: - Roots are often curved distally and may have longitudinal grooves, complicating root canal therapy and extraction. - Bifurcated roots are rare but possible, adding to complexity during treatment. 30 Mandibular Canines ⬢ Wear Patterns: Mandibular canines are more prone to wear due to their involvement in lateral movements and less prominent cusp tips. Occlusal wear may flatten the cusp over time, requiring monitoring in older patients. ⬢ Esthetics: less critical to esthetics than maxillary canines. ⬢ Orthodontic Considerations: Often used as anchor points in orthodontic treatments due to their strong root structure. 31 Any Question? Conclusion ⬢ Both maxillary and mandibular canines are essential in the dental arch for guiding the bite, with the maxillary canine playing a more prominent role due to its longer root and more pronounced cusp. 33