Health Education and Counselling PDF Presentation

Health education and counselling MSN Amani Abushhadeh Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 1  Learning Objectives Identifying health education and counselling principle List major elements of counselling Identify essential interviewing and counselling skills needed to...

Health education and counselling MSN Amani Abushhadeh Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 1  Learning Objectives Identifying health education and counselling principle List major elements of counselling Identify essential interviewing and counselling skills needed to develop a therapeutic relationship Describing the relationship between health education and NCDs Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 2 Health education Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 3 Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 4  In Home ✓ Family attitudes towards health, prevention and management of illness. (attitude is settled way of thinking or feeling about someone or something) ✓ The hygiene habits and practices of adults and guidance to children in the formation of healthful health living habits ✓ Environmental sanitation or home sanitation including (access water supply, disposal of human waste, refuse and garbage) ✓ The production, selection, preparation and saving of food ✓ Entertainment activities ✓ The religious and cultural behavior of the family ✓ The quality of housing which include (overcrowding and housing ventilation) Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 5  In clinic The nurse can use demonstration, conference and incidental teaching. Also, group teaching may be used with patients who have similar problems The disadvantages of Health education in clinic: In adequacy of time No privacy Many persons may give health education Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 6 In Educational Institutions - Sufficient light and ventilation - Staff, doctor, nurse and medical files - Floor, walls and ceilings free from - Drinking water defect - Toilettes - Windows to have fine wire mesh - Number of student - Furniture in good health - Activity hall, play ground - Gate, canteen Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 7  In Schools The nurse may ✓Take part in the development of curriculum for health teaching. ✓Help in service training programs for teachers. ✓Act as a consultant and help in developing school health resources. - Health school environment - Physical education - Nutrition services - Health services - Health promotion for staff ✓Develop educational classes and conduct home visit to assess student home situation with health promotionDr. Anas andAbabneh prevention of communicable diseases. PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 8  In the Community Nurse may participate in many community activities that influence health behavior as: ✓Providing medical services facilities like nursing homes, and medical programs for general public health and outpatient services. ✓Participation in governmental and voluntary health program ✓Membership and participation In formally and informally organized group. Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 9  In Industries ✓Regular examination and health records. ✓To assess the health problems and learning needs of workers and various group. ✓Health educational classes of group discussion (occupational safety), and classes for people with similar problems. Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 10 Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 11  Counselling vs. education Patient education is to provision of information on a specific topic. Counseling can encompass advising, educating, and simply listening and reflecting back what has been heard. Counseling also requires a relationship between a therapist and a patient. Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 12  What is Counselling? The process through which healthcare professionals attempt to increase patient knowledge of healthcare issues. Counselling is not giving advice or giving information and it is not influencing attitudes, behaviour or beliefs. Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 13  Aim of counselling The aim of counselling is to help a person to form a decision, make a choice or find a direction at some important split in the road It helps the counselee acquire independence and develop a sense of responsibility It helps him explore and fully utilize his potentialities and actualize himself Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 14  Phases of Counselling.. Initiation Review the patient record prior to counselling. Explain the purpose of counselling session. Asses the patient understandings of reason for therapy/intervention. Assess any actual or problems of importance to the patient Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 15  Phases of Counselling.. Process Provide accurate information. Use language that the patient is likely to understand. Use the appropriate counselling aids to support counselling. Present the fact in a logical order. Maintain control & direction of the counseling session. Probes for additional information. Use open‐ended question. Display effective non‐verbal behaviors Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 16  Phases of Counselling.. Conclusion Verify the patient understanding via feedback. Summaries by acknowledging or emphasizing key points of information. Provide an opportunity for final concerns or questions. Help the patient to plan, follow-up and next consecutive steps. Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 17 Basic counselling Skills Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 18  Attending behaviours Attending behaviours encourage clients to talk and show that the counsellor is interested in what’s being said. When it’s used: Throughout the entire counselling interview. Particularly important in the initial stages of establishing relationship. Examples: Attentive body language (eye contact, leaning forward slightly, encouraging gestures). Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 19  Rapport Building Is advanced attending skills. It includes offering empathy; having a welcoming and respectful manner; being a warm, genuine and real person in the relationship; and most importantly, being non- judgmental toward you client. When it’s used: Throughout the entire counselling interview. Particularly important in the initial stages of establishing relationship. Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 20  Questioning Effective questioning helps guide the counselling conversation and may assist in enriching the client’s story. When it’s used: Questioning is useful in the information gathering stage of the interview. It can however be an important skill to use throughout the entire process. Examples: “What brings you to clinic today?” “How does that make you feel?” Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 21  Responding Accurate Responding allows the counsellor to confirm with the client that they are being heard correctly. When it’s used: Responding is useful throughout all stages of a counselling interview. It helps the counsellor to clarify and encourage clients’ stories. Examples: “Let me see if I’ve got this right. You want to quit smoking but are worried about your tobacco dependence?” Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 22  Noting and reflecting Noting and reflecting is used to bring out underlying feelings. When it’s used: Noting and reflecting can assist in adding the emotional dimension to the client’s story, so is often used in the interview stages of gathering information and exploring alternatives. Another great skill to teach clients in the process. Examples: “You feel disappointed because your weight did not go down.” Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 23  Silence The use of silence has two main functions: 1. It allows the client to tell their story and to feel heard and validated. 2. It allows the counsellor to gain a deeper understanding of the speaker’s issues, and choose appropriate responses to the client’s story. When it’s used: It can be used any time during the session. However, it is very effective at the start of the session when the client is talking about their issues or difficulties in life. Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 24  Client Observation Skilled client observation allows the counsellor to identify discrepancies or incongruities in the client’s or their own communication. When it’s used: Observation is a skill that is utilized throughout the entire counselling interviews. Examples: Observing body language, tone of voice and facial expressions. Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 25  Confrontation Confrontation is a skill that can assist clients to increase their self- awareness. It can be used to highlight discrepancies. When it’s used: Confrontation is often used when the counsellor observes mixed messages or incongruities in the client’s words, behaviors, feelings or thoughts. Confrontation should only be used after relationship has been developed between client and counsellor. Examples: “You say you would like to quit smoking but you haven’t contacted the cessation clinic.” Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 26  Focusing Focusing enables a counsellor to direct client’s conversational flow into certain areas. When it’s used: Focusing is a skill that is relevant to all stages of a counselling interview. This skill however should be used sparingly. Examples: After noticing that a client has mentioned very little about his family, the counsellor, (believing the family is relevant) directs the conversation toward the client’s family. Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 27  Influencing Influencing may facilitate change in the way a client chooses to think or act. When it’s used: Influencing is generally used when the client is exploring alternative ways of thinking or behaving. Examples: A counsellor notices that the client is overweight. The counsellor discusses the possible long and short term consequences of diet on client health. Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 28  Paraphrasing This skill is used by the counsellor to reflect back the key points of the client’s story. This skill has three functions: It lets the client know you are paying attention and ‘hearing’ them. The client can be sure that you have listened and gives an opportunity to correct or add information. It gives the opportunity for the client to hear the power of their own words. Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 29  Paraphrasing Example: Client Valerie - “I know it doesn’t help me to stay in bed all day.” Counsellor Adeela - “it sounds like you understand the importance of having physical activity.” Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 30  Clarifying Sometimes clients give a lot of information all at once which makes perfect sense to them but can be confusing for the counsellor to understand. Clarifying is a skill that uses a question to help the counsellor get a better understanding of the client’s story. Example: Client Valerie - “Tom has always been selfish.” Counsellor Adeela - “Who is Tom?” Client Valerie - “Tom is my father’s name.” Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 31 Role of counselling to prevent NCDs Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 32  Role of counselling to prevent NCDs The Counselor can play a vital role in the reduction of health risks and the promotion of healthy lifestyles. She/He can influence lifestyle changes where modifiable risk factors (such as high-fat diet, sedentary lifestyle etc.) are concerned. Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 33  Role of counselling to prevent NCDs The primary roles of the Counselor are: Providing counseling on lifestyle management to high risk individuals and addressing risk factors at the population level Generating health awareness at the community level about the importance of healthy lifestyle Assisting the patients with NCDs in disease counseling and follow up care for treatment adherence. Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 34  References Pop, T. L., Namazova-Baranova, L., Mestrovic, J., Nigri, L., Vural, M., Sacco, M.,... & Pettoello-Mantovani, M. (2020). The Role of Healthy Lifestyle Promotion, Counseling, and Follow-up in Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention. The Journal of pediatrics, 217, 221-223. http://www.basic-counselling-skills.com/ Dr. Anas Ababneh PhD, MSc, RN, IIWCC 35