Health and Material Science PDF

Health and Material Science Vinayak Rajat Bhat Associate Professor Centre for Indian Knowledge Systems Chanakya University Bengaluru Nobody Knows you better than your own self Understand yourself Love yourself...

Health and Material Science Vinayak Rajat Bhat Associate Professor Centre for Indian Knowledge Systems Chanakya University Bengaluru Nobody Knows you better than your own self Understand yourself Love yourself Be a philosophy not a philosopher A simplified representation of paṇca-koṣas A 5-layered existence Pure Consciousness Koṣa is a cover, it cannot be the Ānandamaya-koṣa original substance itself. Vijñānamaya-koṣa It has a temporary status as it can change with respect to time Manomaya-koṣa and place. Prāṇamaya-koṣa If the cover is damaged or has Annamaya-koṣa become unfit for use, it can be discarded in preference to a newer, more suitable one Mumbai Varanasi Express  Distinctive thoughts on Health & Wellness in the Indian System An overall framework for achieving happiness is working towards four life goals (Dharma, Artha, Kāma, and Mokṣa), known as puruṣārthas Body is instrument for leading a satisfactory life by performing the right deeds for the attainment of puruṣārthas. In the modern systems (such as Allopathy), health is defined at an average level for all human beings. As per the Indian tradition, health is an individual phenomenon People differ from each other vastly in their constitution, food habits, strength, mentality, age, and adaptability Every individual must know about their nature first in order to ensure that he/she is healthy. The Indian health system plays a significant role in this process; it focuses both on the preventive and curative aspects of health  What is Āyuḥ? शरीरे न्द्रियसत्त्वात्मसंयोगो धारर जीववतमम । नित्यगश्चािुबरधश्च पयाायैरायुरुच्यतमे ॥ Association of body, senses, mind & soul is called āyuḥ. Ātmā Mind Senses Body  What is Āyurveda? सुश्रुतसंहिता-सूत्रस्थानम ्-डल्िणटीका- १/१५  What is the purpose of Āyurveda? To understand our body and mind स्वस्थस्य स्वास््यरक्षणम् - To understand the ways of protecting and maintaining the health of a healthy person आतरु स्य ववकारप्रशमनम् – To understand the way of treating the disease and giving relief to sick person To understand the ways of happiness and peace https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXWot5eeqoM  Balanced state of Pleasant state of Physical Psychological Elements Faculty Doṣas Ātman Agni Manas Dhātus Indriyas  Tri-doṣas Doṣa means one which perishes, spoils, or refutes Composition of these doṣas is based on the five basic elements Kapha represents solid material substratum to the human body Pitta the chemical activity Vāta the energy pool of motion and movement These three doṣas coexist in a predetermined proportion and function in a complementary manner to overall function despite their opposite properties and functions. When the doṣas are vitiated it causes disease  Vāta Pitta Kapha Air Space Agni Water Water Earth Factors affecting the tri-doṣas Body Age Day Night Important organ Kapha Head to Childhood Morning First Chest Chest hours part Pitta Chest to Young age Noon Mid- Liver & Navel hours night Pancreas hours Vāta Below Old age Evening Third Digestive Navel hours part system  Nature of Doshas Vata – Light, Cool, Dry, Mobile, Subtle, Rough Pitta – Oily, Sharp, Hot, Light, Stinking, Liquid Kapha - Cool, Moist, Stable, Heavy, Slow, Slippery The effects of doṣas going out of balance Vāta Pitta Kapha Condition Balanced Energy, balanced Digestion, warmth, vision, Stability, Moisture, breath, movement, hunger, thirst, taste, gleam, Good joints, Patience normality in urges intelligence, prowess/heroism, delicateness, softness Exaggerated Thinness, need of Yellowness in eyes and Indigestion, Nausea, warmth, Shivering, excretions, Severe hunger and laziness, heaviness, Constipation, Weakness, thirst, burning, insomnia, frigidity, slack-limbed Chattering, Dizziness Acidity Reduced Exhaustion of limbs, Indigestion, Coldness, lack of Giddiness, emptiness noxious talk, giddiness gleam in the abode of Kapha, loose joints  Physical aspects of health Role of Agni in health The agni in the body is not a flame but is in a liquid form and manifests through the Pitta in the body Agni converts the food into energy. The digestive fire cooks what is eaten. If food is not consumed it cooks doṣas, then Dhātus, and finally the vital energies. Therefore, an individual must always focus on keeping the agni balanced. When Agni is disturbed and becomes low, high, or unbalanced it makes the person ill. When agni extinguishes in the body the person dies and when it is in its normal state the person stays healthy and lives longer   अन्द््ििः तैर्व भ ेद्ववषमस्तीक्ष्णो मन्दश्चाग्निः समैिः समिः । वातेन अननयतपाको ववषमाग्निः (Vata leads to irregular digestion because of uneven Agni) वपत्तेन आशप ु ाकिः तीक्ष्णाग्निः (Pitta leads to quick digestion because of sharp Agni) कफेन चचरपाको मन्दाग्निः (Kapha leads to slow digestion because of mild अष्टाङ्गहृदयम ् - १  Physical aspects of health Dhātus composition The human body is made up of seven basic substances (dhātus): Plasma (Rasa), Blood (Rakta), Flesh (Māṃsa), Fat (Medas), Bones (Asthi), Bone-marrow (Majjā), and Semen (Śukra). The food first gets converted into plasma and in a gradual process, it gets converted into flesh and fat; from the fat to bones, bones to bone- marrow, bone-marrow to semen. The semen when accumulated and meditated over gets converted into Ojas, the Vital power. This leads to a long life without diseases. An imbalanced state of the dhātus leads to bad health and several diseases  The effects of imbalanced Dhātus Dhātus Increase or Growth Decaying or loss Rasa Like the Kapha Roughness, weakness, dryness, fatigue, unable to bear with sounds Rakta Visarpa (dry spreading itch), plīha (enlargement of Looseness of blood vessels, Roughness. spleen), vidra (fissure), kuṣṭha (leprosy), upakuśa (gumboil), loss of limbs etc. Māṃsa Gaṇḍa (boils), Arbuda (tumors), Granthi (swelling or Sense fatigue, Dryness of cheeks, Joint hardening of vessels), Goitre, Mumps etc. pains Medaḥ Weakness and breathing problem Loss of touch sense, thinness of body Asthi Extra bones and teeth Pain in bones, teeth falls etc. Majjā Heaviness in eyes and body, joint pains Holes in bones, giddiness, blackouts Śukra Over desire for sex, stones in semen Early ejaculation of semen and blood, pain in testicles etc.  व्याधीनां िे तविः Causes of illness  कालबद् ु धीगन्ियाथाभनां योगो ममथ्या न चानत च । द्वयाश्रयाणां व्याधीनां त्रत्रववधो िे तुसङ्रििः ॥ Erroneous use, avoidance and excessive use of time factor, intellect and sense objects is the threefold cause of both psychic and somatic disorders. (च०सं०१/५४  अनतमयोगिः अयोगिः ममथ्यायोगिः Winter Excess of No/less Heat/Rain cold cold Summer Excess of No/less Cold/Rain कालिः Heat heat Rainy Excess of No/less Hot/Cold rain rain Speech Excess use No/less Backbiting, lying, use shouting etc. बद ु ्धिः/क Mind Excess use No/less Anger, Greed, मा use Lust etc. Body Excess use No/less Suppressing of use urges etc.  इन्द्रियाराािः (object of senses) Hearing (Ear) अनतयोगिः - High volume sounds अयोगिः - No or low volume sounds ममथ्यायोगिः - Scary or unpleasant sounds Touch (Skin) अनतयोगिः - Very hot or cold touch of water oil etc. अयोगिः - Non-application of oil, soap, shampoo etc. Not taking bath ममथ्यायोगिः - Unusual way of above-mentioned acts for ex. – Drinking cold water after drinking tea. Taking bath soon after cooking, meals, playing, exercising. Wounds, burns, insect-bites, and touch of foul things.  इन्द्रियाराािः (object of senses) Sight (Ear) अनतयोगिः - Sharp light, direct sunlight अयोगिः - Not seeing anything ममथ्यायोगिः - Watching from too near/far, watch unpleasant thing or act. Taste (Tongue) अनतयोगिः - Excess intake of single taste अयोगिः - Not consuming any taste ममथ्यायोगिः - Intake of foods which not compatible like milk with fruits, Sugar for diabetic Smell (Nose) अनतयोगिः - Sharp smell, smoke etc. अयोगिः - No smell ममथ्यायोगिः - Foul smell, poisonous smell etc.  धीधनृ तस्मनृ तववभ्रष्टिः कमभ यत्कुरुतेऽशर् ु म्। प्रज्ञापराधं जानीयात ् सवभदोषप्रकोपणम ् ॥ (च०शा०१/१०२) Dhee,Dhrthi,Smruthi: 3 faculties of mind Dhee : the capacity to appraise an event or situation logically Dhrthi : the capacity to act or restraint Smruthi : the capacity to register and recollect appropriateness of an act/event  Suppression of Urges A major cause of physical illness Urge Diseases Vāta Retention of faeces, urine and flatus, distension of abdomen, pain, piles and many other abdominal diseases. Purīṣa (Faeces) Colic pain, headache, retention of faeces and flatus, cramps in calf muscles and distension of stomach Mūtra (Urine) Pain in bladder and genital organ, painful urine, headache, bending of body, distension of lower abdomen Kṣava (Sneeze) Spasmodic contraction of the muscles of the neck, headache, facial paralysis, pain in one side of head and weakness of the organs Tṛṣ (Thirst) Dryness of throat and mouth, deafness, exhaustion, weakness and cardiac pain Kṣudh (Hunger) abnormal thinness, weakness, change in bodily complexion, bodily discomfort, loss of appetite and giddiness Nidrā (Sleep) Yawning, malaise, drowsiness, headache and heaviness in the eyes and many other harmful health issues  Suppression of Urges A major cause of physical illness Urge Diseases Kāsa (Cough) more cough, disorders related to breath, taste and heart, hiccup etc Śramaśvāsa Chronic enlargement of spleen, heart related problems, fainting etc (Exhaustion) Jṛmbhā (Yawn) Bending in body, muscular contractions, numbness, tremor and shaking of the body Aśru (tears) Inflammation of nose, eye diseases, heart diseases, inability to eat and giddiness Vamana (Vomit) Itching, allergic reaction, loss of appetite, and black pigmentation of face, disease called oedema, anemia, fever, nausea, and deep red inflammation of the skin Retas (semen) Pain in genital organ and testicles, general body weakness, cardiac pain and retention of urine are the problems Hikkā (eructation) Hiccough, difficulty in breathing, loss of appetite, involuntary shaking of body or limbs (tremor), obstacles in proper functioning of heart and lungs Let us bring some small changes into our life  Dinacaryā: Daily regimen for health & wellness Daily regimen prescribed by Āyurveda discusses activities that we can take up from the time we wake up in the morning till we go to bed at night Getting up at Brahma-muhurta: Two muhūrtas (96 minutes) before Sunrise Considering the condition of the body: Observe the body and the breath - this helps in planning the day Uṣaḥpāna (drinking water in the morning): Drink eight handfuls of water before Sunrise, even before brushing the teeth in a sitting posture Evacuation of the bowels Brushing the teeth: Āyurveda prescribes various stems of trees for this process Jihvā nirlekhanam (Tongue cleaning): Use the leaves of mango tree or guava tree to clean the tongue Applying Sauvīrāñjana (collyrium made from antimony) to eyes  Dinacaryā: Daily regimen for health & wellness Applying oil to the body daily Performing exercises Taking bath daily To be followed only on specific seasons ❖ Udvartana: Massaging the body with fine powders of various herbs of astringent taste ❖ Karṇapūraṇa: Filling ears with medicated oil ❖ Dhūmapāna: Medicated smoking ❖ Gandhamālya-niveśana: Wearing an aromatic garland ❖ Pādatrāṇadhāraṇam: Wearing footwear ❖ Chatradhāraṇa: Using an umbrella ❖ Tāmbūla sevana: Chewing betel leaves ❖ Avoiding sinful acts etc.  ननिा When does a person sleep? ❖ Mind is weary ❖ Tired senses withdraw from their objects यदा तु मनमस क्लान्ते कमाभत्मानिः क्लमागन्वतािः । ववषयेभ्यो ननवतभन्ते तदा स्ववपनत मानविः ॥  Sleep – Importance to health According to Caraka strength, complexion, and growth of the physical body rests on three important pillars: Food, sleep, and celibacy/control over sense organs We take sleep for granted; sleep is important in maintaining overall health condition Sleep is the cause of joy and sorrow, fatness and thinness, energy and weakness, sexual energy and loss of potency, and knowledge and ignorance. Sleep problems can be classified into two – insomnia and unwanted/excessive sleep Insomnia may lead to other types of diseases such as body pain, heaviness in the head, yawning, laziness, exhaustion, giddiness, indigestion, a state of unconsciousness, and diseases related to vāta Āyurveda suggests several measures to solve the problem of insomnia Both unwanted and excessive sleep is caused due to perturbed Kapha and Pitta Solutions suggested for this are – evacuation therapy, medicated smoking, physical activity, bloodletting, fasting, and subduing the tamas. Sleep is the base for – Joy & Sorrow Fatness & Thinness Energy & Weakness Sexual energy & Impotency Knowledge & Ignorance ननिायत्तं सुखं दिःु खं पुगष्टिः काश्यं बलाबलम ् । वष ृ ता क्लीबता ज्ञानमज्ञानं जीववतं न च ॥ Caraka Samhita Six different types of sleep When Tamas covers the mind the person feels like sleep. This is Tamo-bhavā the reason for a person to feel sleepy after a heavy food. Caused by the influence of kapha in the body, the reason why Śleṣma-samudbhavā children sleep more compared to elders Manaḥ-śarīra-śrama- The sleep caused by the exhaustion of the mind and body samubhavā Caused by some smell, medicine, massages or smearing of Āgantukī some ointments or oils Caused due to some specific diseases like fever caused by Vyādhy-anuvartinī kapha The sleep which is natural at night. This is the best of all the Rātri-svabhāva-prabhavā mentioned sleeps. Food intake methods Most diseases caused due to wrong and excess intake of food Food is of two types – Guru and Laghu. “Guru”‍‍is hard to digest and “Laghu"is easy to digest Guru causes fatigue, increases the quantity of bodily waste, is strengthening, satiating and growth-promoting Laghu is the opposite, and it reduces weight, heals the wounds The food to be consumed must not have been cooked before three hours. Such food does not get digested soon and it increases tamasic tendency in an individual Drugs Herbal formulas, bhasmas, and medicated oils and ghee Rasāyanas Equivalent to modern dietary supplements - refers to compound preparations containing multiple herbs and minerals that improve transportation of nutritional materials to body tissues May act in a variety of ways by improving the nutritional value of the food, digestion and absorption of nutrients, transportation of nutrients to tissues, bioavailability of nutrients, metabolism of nutrients in tissues, immunity, and by cleaning the microcirculatory channels or pores (srotas) which improve uptake of micronutrients Bhasmas The oxidised form of metal and mineral preparations Metal or mineral powder formulations prepared using instructions and specific procedures provided in Āyurvedic texts The preparation of these involves several herbs and herbal extracts and subjected to heat treatment and extraction. Drugs Herbal formulas, bhasmas, and medicated oils and ghee What is Tri-Guṇa? Consists of Sattava – Rajas – Tamas (S-R-T) Serves as the basic ingredients to represent the physical reality A property or attribute that characterises something that exists in reality A mechanism for creating world of multiplicity It is the R – G – B (or S – R – T) of everything in this universe Rocks & Rivers Plants and Trees Animals & human beings An example of generating many colours using MS Office colour palette Colour R G B Black 0 0 0 Dark Blue 25 50 75 Light Grey 208 216 232 Light Green 123 231 132 Dark Grey 100 100 100 Dark Orange 200 100 50 Red 230 81 70 Yellow 225 239 45 Purple 175 170 240 White 255 255 255 Sattva – Rajas – Tamas Basic Characteristics Sattva Source of knowledge and embodiment of happiness that every individual experiences. By its very nature, it binds by attachment to happiness and knowledge Rajas Passion, the source of desire, and attachment. It binds fast by the attachment to action. The world of action, desire to achieve name, fame, wealth, and power emanate out of rajas Expectedly, the behavioural patterns of anger, attachment, aversion, and envy primarily arise out of rajasic tendencies. Tamas Born of ignorance, deluding all embodied beings; it binds fast by heedlessness, indolence, and sleep. Tamas represents the gross matter and is the reason for us to rest, sleep, feel mentally dull and lazy. Tamasic tendencies heavily discourage a person from learning, making progress through experimentation, observation, contemplation, and self-reflection.