Horus University Biophysics Past Paper 2024-2025 PDF

BIOPHYSICS FIRST LEVEL FALL SEMESTER 2024-2025 Lap No. 4 Course Code: FAC-104 Page 1  Determination of The Melting Point of Wax Lap No. 4 Course Code: FAC-104 P...

BIOPHYSICS FIRST LEVEL FALL SEMESTER 2024-2025 Lap No. 4 Course Code: FAC-104 Page 1  Determination of The Melting Point of Wax Lap No. 4 Course Code: FAC-104 Page 2  Outline Name Aim Theory: definition-formula-unit Tools (Apparatus or setup) Method (Procedure) Results Page 3  Importance of studying the melting point of wax Understanding Material Properties in Medical Applications Dental Applications: o Wax is used in dentistry for molds and models: Understanding its melting behavior helps dental students handle it correctly during procedures. Laboratory Skills Development: o Analytical Techniques: Melting point experiments help to learn important lab skills like heating and temperature control. o Thermal Analysis: This experiment introduces thermal analysis, useful in medical research and diagnostics. This slid for reference only; not in the exam. Page 4  Pharmacology and Drug Delivery: o Drug Capsules: Some soft gel capsules use wax-like substances in their outer shells. The melting point ensures that the capsule stays intact in storage, but dissolves appropriately once ingested and exposed to body temperature. o Medical Ointments: Wax-like ingredients in topical ointments can help control the consistency of the product ,ensuring it remains spreadable at room and body temperature without melting or becoming too hard. This slid for reference only; not in the exam. Page 5  Medical Devices: o Bone Wax: Used in surgery to control bleeding from o Prosthetics and Biomaterials: In designing prosthetics bones. Bone wax helps seal bone surfaces, and its and implants, understanding the melting point of melting point ensures it remains solid and effective at materials ensures they can withstand body temperatures body temperature. without deforming. o Orthopedic Casts: Wax or similar materials can be part of the coatings for orthopedic casts to provide a moisture barrier, ensuring they remain stable at body temperature throughout the healing process. This slid for reference only; not in the exam. Page 6  Aim of the Experiment: Determination of wax melting point. Theory: ▪ Phase change: the case whenever the physical characteristics of the substance change from one form to another. Page 7 ▪ Melting process: material change from solid phase to liquid phase ▪ Vaporization process: material change from liquid phase to gas phase ▪ Solidification process: material change from liquid phase to solid phase ▪ Condensation process: material change from gas phase to liquid phase ▪ Latent heat: is the quantity of heat needed to change material from phase to phase at constant temperature. Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 States of Matter and Changes of States Page 11 wax melting point Page 12  Apparatus: 1. Electric heater. 2. Thermometer. 3. Two calorimeters. 4. Tube of Wax. Page 13  Method: 1. Fill half of the bigger calorimeter with water. 2. Put it over an electric heater. 3. Put a suitable amount of wax in a test tube. 4. Put the test tube with thermometer in the water path. 5. Wait until the wax completely melted and temperature raise to about 70 °C. 6. Lift the tube of wax from the water bath and let it cool. 7. During cooling process take the temperature of the wax every 30 seconds and record it in a table as shown below. 8. Draw the cooling curve of the wax and determine the wax melting point from it. Page 14  Results: Date : Time : Room Temperature = Melting Temperature = Page 15  Thank You Lap No. 4 Course Code: FAC-104 Page 16