PowerPoint Tutorial PDF

## TECH FUNDA You can apply ready-made design in the shapes through Shape Style group under Format tab. ## Reboot * Slide is a collection of text, graphics, audio, videos, ClipArt, etc. * A theme is a set of predefined layouts that can be used to add a professional touch to your pr...

## TECH FUNDA You can apply ready-made design in the shapes through Shape Style group under Format tab. ## Reboot * Slide is a collection of text, graphics, audio, videos, ClipArt, etc. * A theme is a set of predefined layouts that can be used to add a professional touch to your presentations. * There are four types of alignments in the PowerPoint like left, right, center and justify. ## One Touch Learn **Tick (✔) the correct option** 1. Which of the following is a set of predefined layouts that can be used to add a professional touch to your presentations? * Slide * Placeholder * Theme✔ 2. Which of the following option is used to change the background of a theme? * Color * Background Styles * Background✔ 3. The ______ command at the right end of the Themes group in the Design tab is used to change the fonts of a theme. * Fonts * Font * Font Style✔ 4. Which of the following is not an alignment in PowerPoint? * Right * Justify ✔ * Justify Centre 5. ______ in PowerPoint is used to create the default layout and appearance of the slides in the presentation. * Theme✔ * Slide Master * Design ## Fill in the blanks using the words given below. **Hints** justify, format, layouts, design, Master Views 1. Themes are present under ______ tab. * Design 2. Shape fill command present under ______ tab. * Format 3. ______ alignment aligns the left and right margin. * Justify 4. A theme is a set of predefined ______. * layouts 5. The Slide Master command is present under the ______ group. * Master Views ## Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false. 1. Slide is a collection of text, graphics, audio, videos, ClipArt, etc. * T 2. There are four types of alignments in the PowerPoint like left, right, center and justify. * T 3. The Left alignment is used to shift the text into the center of the slide window. * F 4. PowerPoint has a number of built-in themes you can choose from. * T ## Let's Do It **Short answer type questions:** 1. Define slide master. 2. What do you mean by themes? 3. How many types of alignments are there in PowerPoint? ## Long answer type questions: 1. What do you mean by Theme Backgrounds? Write steps to change a theme background. 2. Write the steps to change the alignment of text on the slide. ## Table and Charts in PowerPoint **Your Aim** * To learn about: * Table in PowerPoint * Creating a Chart * Charts in PowerPoint * Formatting a Chart ## Table in PowerPoint A table is an arrangement of text in the form of columns and rows. It can be very useful in enhancing and analyzing the data. A table consists of vertical columns and horizontal rows. The intersection of a row and a column in a table is called a cell. ## Inserting a Table Similar to MS Word, PowerPoint also allows you to add a table on a slide. Follow the given steps to insert a table on a slide: 1. Create a new presentation or open an existing presentation. 2. Select the slide on which you want to insert a table. 3. Click on Table command from the Tables group of the Insert tab. A drop-down menu appears. 4. Hover the mouse over the square boxes and click on the last box up to which you want to insert the table. The table with selected rows and columns will be inserted. ## Inserting Table Using Insert Table Option Perform the given steps to add a table using the Insert Table option: 1. Click on the Table option under the Tables group of the Insert tab. 2. Select the Insert Table option. The Insert Table dialog box appears. 3. Type the values for rows and columns you want to insert in the table. 4. Click on OK button. The table will be inserted on the slide. ## Entering Data in a Table After inserting a table, next step is to enter the data into it. To enter the data into a table, follow these steps: 1. Click in the cell of the table in which you want to enter the data. 2. Type the required data in the cell. In this case, we have typed 'Class'. 3. Press the Tab key from the keyboard to go to the next cell, enter the data in all the cells of the table. ## Formatting Table When you select a table on the slide, two new tabs named Design and Layout appears under the Table Tools tab. Both the tabs contain various tools to change the design and layout of the table. The Design tab has four groups which are. * **Table Style Options:** The group contains various options such as Header Row, Total Row, Last Column and Banded Columns to make a row or column different from other rows or columns. * **Table Styles:** This group provides options such as Shading, Borders, Effects and Table Styles. These options are used to apply shading, border, effects and different types of styles on the table. * **WordArt Styles:** This group contains options like Quick Styles, Text Outline, Text Color and Text Effects to apply WordArt and text effects in a table. * **Draw Borders:** This group contains options such as Pen Color, Draw Table and Eraser to draw and remove border on a table. * **Rows & Columns:** This group provides options such as Delete, Insert Above, Insert Below, Insert Left and Insert Right. These options are used to add or remove rows or column from the table. * **Merge:** This group contains two options Merge Cells and Split Cells. The Merge Cells option combines the selected cells and makes one cell. On the other hand, the Split Cells option breaks one cell into multiple cells. * **Cell Size:** This group contains options such as Table Row Height and Table Column Width. * **Alignment:** This group contains options such as Text Direction, Cell Margins and various other alignment options to align the text in the table. * **Table Size:** This group contains options like Height and Width to maintain the height and width of the table. * **Arrange:** The group contains options like Bring Forward, Send Backward and Align to change appearance of the table on the slide. ## Applying Table Style With Table Styles feature you can format the entire table quickly. You can apply any style to your table from the Table Styles feature. There are many in-built table styles present in Word. ## Applying Table Border PowerPoint allows you to apply border on a cell, row, column or an entire table. Perform the following steps to apply the border to a table: 1. Select the table on which you want apply the border. 2. Click on the drop-down arrow of the Borders command under the Table Styles group of the Design tab. A list of borders appears. 3. Select the border which you want to apply on the table. In this case, we have selected Outside Borders option. ## Applying Shading You can also apply the background colour to a table. PowerPoint allows you to apply a solid colour, a picture, a texture or a gradient as the background of the table by using the Shading feature. Perform the following steps to apply shading: 1. Select the table and click on the Shading command under the Table Styles group of the Design tab. A drop-down menu will appear. This menu contains options to apply colour, gradient, texture and picture as background of the table. 2. Select the desired option. In this case, we have applied the background colour. ## Aligning Data in a Table You can align text in table by performing the following steps: 1. Select the cell or row or column or an entire table whose content you want to align. In this case, we have selected entire table. 2. Click on the Layout tab. 3. Click on the alignment of your choice from the Alignment group. In this case, we have clicked the Center command. ## Charts in PowerPoint A chart is an important part of PowerPoint to display data in pictorial form. It makes it easier to draw comparison and analyse the growth, relationship and trends among the values in a table. ## Types of Charts Excel provides a variety of different chart formats such as Bar, Column, Pie, Line, Area, Doughnut, Scatter, Surface, or Radar. * **Line Chart:** It is used to show trends over a period of time. It is similar to plotting a graph on a graph paper with its values on X and Y axis. It uses connecting dots to display trends over a period of time. * **Column Chart:** It is usually used to display the data in the form of vertical bars. It is used to show the changes in data over a period of time or comparison among the different data items. The categories are represented on the horizontal axis and the values are represented on the vertical axis . * **Pie Chart:** It is a circular chart divided into sectors where each sector shows the relative size of each value. It always shows only one data series. It is useful when you want to put emphasis on a significant element. * **Bar Chart:** The bar chart displays the data in the form of long rectangular rods also called bars. These bars can be placed horizontally on the chart area. It illustrates the comparisons amongst the individual items. In this chart, categories are represented on the vertical axis and values are represented on the horizontal axis. * **Area Chart:** It is used to display the quantitative magnitude of the data graphically. These charts are based on the features of the line chart. They basically emphasise the area between the line and the axis with the help of the colours, textures, pictures, etc. * **Scatter Chart:** Scatter charts are also known as XY scatter plot charts. They show the correlations between the two sets of values. The x and y axis is used to represent the data plots on the chart. ## Components of a Chart * **Chart Title:** Chart title describes the main aim and content of the chart. * **X-axis:** X-axis is the horizontal axis of the chart. It is also called the category axis. * **Y-axis:** Y-axis is the vertical axis of the chart. It is also called the value axis. * **Plot Area:** It is the rectangular area bounded by the two axis. It contains the actual chart and includes the plotted data, data series, category and value axis. * **Data Series:** Data series is related to the set of values. It is represented by the bars or slices that represent the data values. * **Data Labels:** Data labels includes data values, category name, series name, legend keys and values from cells. * **Gridlines:** These can be either horizontal or vertical lines depending on the selected chart type. It makes it easier to read and understand the values. * **Legend:** Legend is a key which shows the meanings of symbols and colours used in the chart. * **Chart Area:** The area that includes all objects and elements in a chart. ## Creating a Chart To create a chart, follow these steps: 1. Select the slide on which you want to add a chart. 2. Click on the Charts command under the Illustrations group of the Insert tab. The Insert Chart dialog box appears. 3. Select the type of chart from the left pane and chart format from the right pane. 4. Click on OK button. ## Formatting a Chart PowerPoint provides various tools to improve the appearance of a chart. When you select a chart on a slide, a new contextual tab named Chart Tools will appear. The Chart Tools tab contains three tabs named Design, Layout and Format. ## Changing Chart Type You can change the type of an existing chart at any time. Perform the following steps to change the chart type: 1. Select the chart. 2. Click on the Change Chart Type command under the Type group of the Design tab. The Change Chart Type dialog box will appear. 3. Click on Line from the left panel of the Change Chart Type dialog box. 4. Click on the Line with Markers option from the right panel. 5. Click on the OK button. The chart will change to Line Chart similar to this. ## Changing Chart Layout You can change the layout of your chart. This means that you can format, move and even add components of a chart. Perform the following steps to change the chart layout: 1. Select the chart. 2. Click on Chart Title command from the Labels group under the Layout tab. A drop-down list appears. 3. Select the Above Chart option to add a title at the top center of your chart. 4. Using the Axis Titles command under the Layout tab, you can add titles to both, x-axis and y-axis. Remember, x-axis is the horizontal axis and y-axis is the vertical axis. 5. The Legend command under the Layout tab is used to move the legend of the chart to left or bottom. It is also used to hide the legend in case there is only one series of data. After changing the layout your chart may look as shown. ## Changing Chart Design MS PowerPoint 2010 has some in-built chart styles. These styles are listed in the Chart Layouts group of the Design tab. You can select the chart and click on any of these layouts to change the design of your chart. You can also change the colour scheme of the bars of your chart. Select a scheme from Chart Styles group under the Design tab. A 3-D effect can also be applied to the chart using these Chart Styles. A 2-D and 3-D chart styles may look like these. ## Reboot * A table is an arrangement of text in the form of columns and rows. * A chart is an important part of PowerPoint to display data in pictorial form. * Excel provides a variety of different chart formats such as Bar, Column, Pie, Line, Area, Doughnut, Scatter, Surface, or Radar. ## One Touch Learn **Tick (✔) the correct option.** 1. Which key is used to run a program in BASIC-256? * Enter * F5 * F10✔ 2. A variable that contains a whole number is called ______ . *String * Integer✔ * Real Number 3. Which operator should you use to multiply two values in BASIC-256? * * *✔ * X 4. Which of the following is an operator in BASIC-256? * $ * ! * A✔ ## Fill in the blanks using the words given below. **Hints** Relational, BASIC-256, REM, PRINT 1. ______ enables you to do text-based programming using simple English like commands. * BASIC-256✔ 2. The ______ statement is used to display output. * PRINT✔ 3. The ______ statement is used to create comments. * REM✔ 4. The ______ operators are used to compare the values of the two operands and returns Boolean value true or false accordingly. * Relational✔ ## Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false. 1. BASIC stands for Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. * T✔ 2. Logical operators are used to perform arithmetic operations between two operands. * F✔ 3. Statements are the reserved words which cannot be used as a variable. * F✔ 4. INPUT statement is used to take values from the user. * T✔ ## Let's Do It **Short answer type questions:** 1. What is variable? 2. Define relational operators with the help of an example. 3. Define any one component of the BASIC-256 environment. ## Long answer type questions: 1. Which of these variable names are invalid? If the name is invalid, explain why. * _myBook * @Tushar * Palak123 * &Cost 2. What is the difference between the INPUT and the PRINT statements? Give examples. ## What will be the output of the given Programs? 1. INPUT Age PRINT Age PRINT "Enter a number:" INPUT num1 PRINT "Entered number is: " + num1 2. INPUT "Enter first number: ", num1 INPUT "Enter second number: ", num2 num3 = num1 num1 =num2 num2 = num3 PRINT num1 PRINT num2 ## FUN in LAB Write a program in BASIC-256 to: * calculate the area of a circle with a radius of 5 unit. [Hint: Area = 3.14*radius*radius] * perform all the arithmetic operations between the two numbers. * calculate the square root of a number input by the user. * calculate the perimeter of a rectangle. ## Teacher’s Corner 1. Discuss about basic fundamental concepts of BASIC-256 with the students. 2. Explain different types of operators in BASIC-256 to the students. 3. Go through all the topics covered in this chapter. ## Introduction to BASIC-256 **Your Aim** * To learn about : * Installing BASIC-256 * BASIC-256 Environment * Saving a Program * Opening a Program * Statements * Opening BASIC-256 * Creating your First BASIC-256 Program * Running a Program * Elements of BASIC-256 Programming Computer programming is the process of software development using programming languages. Computer systems understand programs written in certain languages just like we speak and understand English or Hindi. These languages are called programming languages. Earlier, there were only a few programming languages. They were easy to learn and understand. But as computers and software became more advanced, programming languages evolved rapidly, bringing together more complex concepts. BASIC-256 is a very simple programming language used for calculations and business applications. Its name stands for Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. BASIC-256 is a advanced version of BASIC. It is a programming language that makes programming simple and easy for beginners. Till now, you have created programs using blocks. BASIC-256 enables you to do text-based programming using simple English like commands. BASIC-256 provides an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) with a code editor, a compiler and a graphical interface to develop programs. It is developed by Larsen & James M. Reneau at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the year 2014. ## Installing BASIC-256 Perform the following steps to install the BASIC-256: 1. Open the web browser and visit the following link to download BASIC-256: https://sourceforge.net/projects/kidbasic/ 2. Click on the Download button. A setup will be downloaded. 3. Double-click on the downloaded file. The installation will begin. ## Opening BASIC-256 Follow these steps to open BASIC-256: 1. Click on the Start button. The start menu appears. 2. Click on All Programs → BASIC256 → BASIC-256. The BASIC-256 window will appear. ## BASIC-256 Environment BASIC-256 provides you a simple yet powerful development environment. Let's learn about the BASIC-256 environment. * **Title Bar:** It gives us the information about the program in which we are working. * **Editor:** It is identified as the area where we write our BASIC-256 programs. When we open a saved program, it will show up in this editor. We can then modify it and save it for later use. * **Toolbar:** It is used to give commands. It contains commands like New, Open, Save, Cut, Copy, Paste and Run. We can use these commands by clicking on the command buttons. * **Text Output Area:** When we write a program in the Editor and run a program, the output appears in this area. * **Graphics Output Area:** This is an area where graphical elements like shapes and pictures that you create are displayed. ## Creating Your BASIC-256 Program A normal BASIC-256 program is made up of statements. Each line of the program represents a statement and each statement is a command for the computer. When we give the command to BASIC-256 to execute a program, it reads the first statement. It understands what we're trying to say and then executes our instructions. After executing our first statement, it returns to the program and executes the next line. The process continues till it reaches the end of the program. Follow these steps to create a program in BASIC-256: 1. Click in the Editor window. 2. At line no. 1, type the following statement: * PRINT "Hello World" ## Saving a Program After writing a program, we must save it to change or run it later. Follow these steps to save a BASIC-256 program: 1. Click on the Save As command button from the Toolbar. The Save As dialog box opens. 2. Browse to the desired location to save the file. 3. Type the name of the file in the Name box.  4. Click on the Save button. * The file will be saved by the given name at the selected location. The extension of BASIC-256 files is .kbs. The path of the saved file appears at the top of the Editor in place of Untitled. ## Running a Program Let us now run our program. Follow these steps to run a BASIC-256 program: 1. Open the BASIC-256 program which you want to run. 2. Click on the Run command Run button from the Toolbar. The program executes and the output is displayed in the Text Output Area. ## Opening a Program Follow these steps to open a BASIC-256 program. 1. Click on the Open command button in the toolbar. The Open a file dialog box appears. 2. Browse to the location of your saved program. 3. Select the program you want to open. 4. Click on Open button. The program will open. ## Elements of BASIC-256 Programming We will now learn about the basic elements of the BASIC-256 programming language. ## Variables A variable is used to store different kinds of information, such as text or a number, in the computer's memory. When we store a value or information in a variable, it overwrites the previous information stored in it. It can contain different values at different points in time. To create variables in BASIC-256, we use the assignment operator. Following are the examples of defining variables: * Number = 5 * Fruit = "Apple" * Marks = 50.5 ## Types of Variables * **Numeric Variable:** Numeric variables are used to store numbers for calculations. They can hold integer and decimal numbers. The numeric variables that hold integers are called Integer variables. The numeric variables that hold decimal numbers are called Floating variables. * For example: 22, -34 and 9.25 * **String Variable:** Strings are a set of characters, that can be a mixture of numbers, letters and other characters. * For example: "Hello World!", "123 Random Road", "abcde", "88 Golf Course Road" and "12345-8976" ## Rules for Naming Variables The names we give to the variables are called identifiers. Variable name can include letters (lowercase and uppercase), digits (0 to 9), and underscore (_) character. To name the variabtes, follow the following rules: * Variable name should always start with a letter or underscore. * Variable name can only use letters, digits, underscore and Dollar ($). * Name of the variables should describe the values that they store. * String variable name should contain $ (Dollar) symbol at the end of the name. For example, Name$ and Address$ * Variable names are case sensitive i.e. Name and NAME are two different variables. ## Operators Operators are special symbols in BASIC-256 that carry out arithmetic or logical computation. The value on which the operator is operating is called the operand. BASIC-256 divides the operators in the following categories. ## Arithmetic Operators Arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations between two operands. The arithmetic operators are defined in the following table: | Operator | Name | Description| Example | Output| |---|---|---|---|---| | + | Addition| Adds values on both sides of the operator. | x + y | 6 | | - | Subtraction| Subtracts right hand operand from left hand operand. | x - y | 2| | * | Multiplication| Multiplies values on either side of operator. | x*y|8 | | / | Division | Divides left hand operand by right hand operand. | x/y |2 | | ^ | Exponential | Performs exponential (power) calculations on operands. | x^y|16 | ## Logical Operators Logical operators are used primarily in the expression evaluation to make a decision. BASIC-256 supports the following logical operators: | Operator | Name | Description | Example (x=3, y=2)| Output| |---|---|---|---|---| | and | AND| It returns true, if both operands are true.| (x < 5) and (x < 10)| TRUE| | or | OR| It returns true, if one of the operands is true.| (x < 5) or (x < 2) | TRUE | | not | NOT| Reverses the logical state of its operand. | NOT x|FALSE | | xor | XOR| Performs a logical exclusion on two expressions. | x XOR Y |FALSE | ## Relational Operators Relational operators are used to compare the values of two operands and returns Boolean true or false accordingly. The comparison operators are described in the following table: | Operator | Name | Description| Example (x=8 and y=6) | Output| |---|---|---|---|---| | = | Equal | It checks if the values of two operands are equal or not. If yes, then the condition becomes true. | x = y | FALSE| | <> | Not equal | It checks if the values of two operands are equal or not. If the values are not equal the condition will become true. | x <> y | TRUE | | > | Greater than | It checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand. If yes, then the condition becomes true. | x > y | TRUE| | < | Less than | It checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand. If yes, then the condition becomes true. | x < y | FALSE| | >= | Greater than or equal to| It checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand. If yes, then the condition becomes true. | x >= y| TRUE | | <= | Less than or equal to | It checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand. If yes, then the condition becomes true. | x <= y| FALSE | ## Keywords Keywords are the reserved words which cannot be used as a variable. They are predefined by the software developer for a specific purpose. Some of the keywords are as follows: * PRINT * CLS * NEXT * WHILE * FOR * ELSE * END * INPUT ## Comments In BASIC-256, comments are used to explain the program code. Comments help and enable us to understand the way, a program works. In BASIC-256, comments start with Hash symbol (#). During the execution of the program, BASIC-256 ignores the line that starts with Hash symbol. The BASIC-256 editor shows all comments in green colour, so you can easily tell them apart from the lines of actual code. For Example: ## Statements Every line of a program is a statement and every statement is an instruction for the computer. Let's discuss some of the statements of BASIC-256. ## PRINT statement BASIC-256 uses the PRINT statement to display the output in the Text Output Area. The syntax of the PRINT statement is as follows: * PRINT "text to be printed" For Example: * PRINT "Welcome to Orange Education" Preceding statement prints the Welcome to Orange Education message in the Text Output Area. You can use the semicolon with the PRINT statement to show the output in the same line. For example: * PRINT "Your age is: "; * PRINT 15 The preceding statements prints "Your age is: 15". ## REM statement As you know that the # symbol is used to write comments in BASIC-256 programs. You can also use the REM statement instead of the # symbol to write comments. For example: * REM "Comment" ## END statement The END statement is used to specify the end point of the program. Statements written after the END will not be executed by BASIC-256. For example: * PRINT "Welcome" * END * PRINT "Touchpad" Above statement will print only Welcome. ## INPUT statement The INPUT statement is used to take the value from the user at run time. For example: * INPUT Name$ * PRINT Name$ When you execute the preceding statements, you need to enter the name in the Text Output Area. After entering the name when you press the Enter key, the entered name will be printed. We can also use message with the INPUT statement. For example: * INPUT "Enter first number: ", num1 ## Reboot * BASIC-256 is a very simple programming language used for calculations and business applications. * Editor is identified as the area where we write our BASIC-256 programs. * A variable is used to store different kinds of information, such as text or a number, in the computer's memory. * The names we give to the variable are called identifiers. * Operators are special symbols in BASIC-256 that carry out arithmetic or logical computation. * Comments are used to explain the program code. ## One Touch Learn **Tick (✔) the correct option.** 1. Which key is used to run a program in BASIC-256? * Enter * F5 * F10✔ 2. A variable that contains a whole number is called ______ . *String * Integer✔ * Real Number 3. Which operator should you use to multiply two values in BASIC-256? * * *✔ * X 4. Which of the following is an operator in BASIC-256? * $ * ! * A✔ ## Fill in the blanks using the words given below. **Hints** Relational, BASIC-256, REM, PRINT 1. ______ enables you to do text-based programming using simple English like commands. * BASIC-256✔ 2. The ______ statement is used to display output. * PRINT✔ 3. The ______ statement is used to create comments. * REM✔ 4. The ______ operators are used to compare the values of the two operands and returns Boolean value true or false accordingly. * Relational✔ ## Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false. 1. BASIC stands for Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. * T✔ 2. Logical operators are used to perform arithmetic operations between two operands. * F✔ 3. Statements are the reserved words which cannot be used as a variable. * F✔ 4. INPUT statement is used to take values from the user. * T✔ ## Let's Do It **Short answer type questions:** 1. What is variable? 2. Define relational operators with the help of an example. 3. Define any one component of the BASIC-256 environment. ## Long answer type questions: 1. Which of these variable names are invalid? If the name is invalid, explain why. * _myBook * @Tushar * Palak123 * &Cost 2. What is the difference between the INPUT and the PRINT statements? Give examples. ## What will be the output of the given Programs? 1. INPUT Age PRINT Age PRINT "Enter a number:" INPUT num1 PRINT "Entered number is: " + num1 2. INPUT "Enter first number: ", num1 INPUT "Enter second number: ", num2 num3 = num1 num1 =num2 num2 = num3 PRINT num1 PRINT num2 ## FUN in LAB Write a program in BASIC-256 to: * calculate the area of a circle with a radius of 5 unit. [Hint: Area = 3.14*radius*radius] * perform all the arithmetic operations between the two numbers. * calculate the square root of a number input by the user. * calculate the perimeter of a rectangle. ## Teacher’s Corner 1. Discuss about basic fundamental concepts of BASIC-256 with the students. 2. Explain different types of operators in BASIC-256 to the students. 3. Go through all the topics covered in this chapter.