3rd Chem Reviewer PDF
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Batasan Hills National High School
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This document is a chapter about intermolecular forces and properties of liquids and solids. It covers fundamental principles, properties of solids, liquids, and gases and the relations between these properties, as well as the forces between molecules. There are also phase change diagrams and specific examples discussed, as well as temperature effects on molecules and the interactions between them.
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**CHAPTER 1: INTERMOLECULAR FORCES & PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS** KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY (PART 1) **Fundamental Principles** Core Concepts: - - - - 1. 2. 3. **Phases of Matter Comparison** **Property** **Solid** **Liquid** **Gas** --------------------...
**CHAPTER 1: INTERMOLECULAR FORCES & PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS** KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY (PART 1) **Fundamental Principles** Core Concepts: - - - - 1. 2. 3. **Phases of Matter Comparison** **Property** **Solid** **Liquid** **Gas** ----------------------- ----------- -------------- ---------- **Particle Distance** Closest Intermediate Furthest **Particle Movement** Minimal Moderate Maximum **Empty Space** Least Intermediate Most **Temperature Effects** Molecular Behavior: - - - INTERMOLECULAR FORCES (PART 2) Definition: **Intermolecular Forces** - - - **[Types of Intermolecular Forces]** **1. London Dispersion Forces (LDF)** Characteristics: - - - **2. Dipole-Dipole Forces (DDF)** Key Features: - - - - **3. Ion-Dipole Forces (IDF)** Interaction: - - **4. Hydrogen Bonding (H-BOND)** Unique Characteristics: - - - **Force Strength Ranking** 1. 2. 3. 4. PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS & INTERMOLECULAR FORCES (PART 3) **Fundamental Concepts** Fluid Definition: - - **[Key Properties of Liquids]** **Surface Tension (Intermolecular Forces Impact)** Definition: Measure of elastic force at liquid's surface Key Characteristics: - - - **Viscosity (Resistance to Flow)** Definition: Fluid's resistance to flowing Measurement: - - - Factors Affecting Viscosity: - - **Vapor Pressure** Definition: Pressure exerted by gas in equilibrium with liquid Key Insights: - - - **Molar Heat of Vaporization** Definition: Energy required to vaporize 1 mole of liquid Relationship to Intermolecular Forces: - - **Boiling Point** Definition: Temperature where liquid converts to gas Characteristics: - - **Comparative Analysis Table** **Property** **Weak IMF Substances** **Strong IMF Substances** --------------------- ------------------------- --------------------------- **Vapor Pressure** High Low **Viscosity** Low High **Boiling Point** Low HIgh **Surface Tension** Low High **[Intermolecular Forces Impact]** **General Principles** Stronger Intermolecular forces result in: - - - - - PROPERTIES OF WATER (PART 4) **[Water: Unique Properties]** **Solvent Capabilities** Universal Solvent - - **Specific Heat** High Specific Heat - - **Density Anomaly** Unique Solid State - - - ***Key Takeaway:*** ***Intermolecular forces fundamentally dictate liquid properties*** SOLIDS AND THEIR PROPERTIES (PART 5) Definition: **Solid** - - **Types of Solids** 1. 2. **[Properties of Solids]** **Crystalline Solids**: Regular repeating 3D structure (crystal lattice) - - - **Amorphous Solids**: No long-range order - - - **[Behavior When Heated\ ]Crystalline Solids** - - **Amorphous Solids** - - - **[Types of Crystals (Crystalline Solids)]** **Metallic Crystals:** - - **Ionic Crystals:** - - - **Molecular Crystals:** - - **Covalent Network Crystals:** - - - PHASE CHANGE AND PHASE DIAGRAM (PART 6) **Phase Change**\ Definition: Transformations of matter from one physical state to another **Key Characteristics:** - - - **[Types of Phase Changes]** **Phase Transition Types** **Endothermic:** Heat absorbed (heat gained) **Exothermic:** Heat released (heat lost) **Specific Transitions** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. **[Energy and Phase Changes]** 1. - - 2. - - **[Heat Removal Effects]** 1. - - 2. - - **Phase Diagram** Definition: - - - **[Diagram Components]** **Three Primary Areas** 1. 2. 3. **Boundary Lines** 1. - - 2. - - 3. - **Special Points** 1. - - - 2. - - - HEATING AND COOLING CURVE (PART 7) ### **Heating Curve Characteristics** - - - ### **Temperature Change Patterns** 1. - - 2. - - ### **Phase Change Equilibrium** - - **Recommended Study Strategies** -------------------------------- - - -
