Philippine Christian University Senior High School 3Q Definition of Terms PDF

**Philippine Christian University** Sampaloc 1, Dasmariñas City, Cavite 4114 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL S.Y. 2024-2025 **3Q DEFINITION OF TERMS** - **Statistics** is the science of the development of applications of the most effective methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, and the...

**Philippine Christian University** Sampaloc 1, Dasmariñas City, Cavite 4114 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL S.Y. 2024-2025 **3Q DEFINITION OF TERMS** - **Statistics** is the science of the development of applications of the most effective methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, and then analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions based on the data. - **Probability** is branch of mathematics that deals with uncertainty. It is a measure or estimation of how likely it is that an event will occur. - **Variable** - an attribute that describes a person, place, thing, or idea. It is a characteristic that is observable or measurable in every unit of universe. - **Data collection**- the process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes. - **Sample Space** the set of all possible outcome. - **Event** is a subset of a sample space. It is also a specific collection of outcomes. - **Experiment probability** is determined based on the results of an experiment repeated many times. - **Discrete Random Variable** can take only finite (countable) number of distinct values. Values are exact and can be represented by non-negative numbers. - **Continuous Random Variable** can assume an infinite number of values in an interval between two specific values. - **Probability Mass Function (pmf)** is the probability distribution of a discrete random variable. - **Mean** - average of a data set, found by adding all numbers together and then dividing the sum of the numbers by the number of numbers It is a function that associates a real number to each element in the sample space. - **Variance** - statistical measurement of the spread between numbers in a data set. - **Standard Deviation** - statistic that measures the dispersion of a dataset relative to its mean and is calculated as the square root of the variance. - **Normal Distribution** -- a type of data distribution that is observed in a lot of instances in real life. It is characterized by a bell-shaped curve with the mean, mode and median as its center and peak. - **Standard Normal Distribution** -- a normal distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1. - **Standard normal distribution table** -- a compilation of areas from the standard normal distribution - **Population** -- data set contains all members of specified group. - **Sample** -- subset of a population - **Parameter** -- a measure or characteristics obtained by using all the data values in the population. - **Statistic** -- a measure or characteristics obtained by using only the data values in a sample. - **Sampling Distribution** -- the probability distribution for the values of the sample statistic obtained when random samples are repeatedly drawn from a population. - **Normal Distribution** - a type of data distribution that is observed in a lot of instances in real life. It is characterized by a bell-shaped curve with the mean, mode and median as its center and peak. - **Central Limit Theorem** states that the sampling distribution of the mean approaches a normal distribution, as the sample size increases. - **Student's T-Distribution** -- is a probability distribution that is used to calculate population parameters when the sample size is small and when the population variance is unknown. - **William Sealy Gosset**- the one who publish t-distribution studies in 1908 under the name "student" that's why it is called student's t-distribution. - **Percentile** - a term that describes how a score compares to other scores from the same set. - **Confidence interval** -- is a range of values that is used to estimate a parameter. - **Narrowness of the interval** -- This has to do with the confidence interval\'s narrow width in comparison to its length. - **Degree of freedom** - This refers to the maximum number of logically independent values which vary in the data sample.