Literature Review PDF

Carrying Out a Literature Review  What is a literature review? Overview of existing knowledge of major questions or themes within a topic area; Present state of knowledge in insightful manner; Organized according to research objective, research question, research theme;...

Carrying Out a Literature Review  What is a literature review? Overview of existing knowledge of major questions or themes within a topic area; Present state of knowledge in insightful manner; Organized according to research objective, research question, research theme; Carefully structured to suit your own  A literature review is not: An annotated bibliography or historical listing of authors; A listing of every article and author in the area; A reference to every piece of literature or theory in an area.  Why is it important? Prevents duplication of work; Identifies gaps in the literature; Provides convincing arguments as to why the proposed research is important; Presents an objective view; Identifies lessons learned from other studies; Refines problem statement in research; Provides a comparison for your findings. Carrying out a literature review Step one: Literature search Develop concepts and keywords Select sources and perform search 1st cut - review titles 2nd cut - review abstracts Refine search concepts and search again Multi-disciplinary sources may be required  Types of literature Journal articles, published papers, reports and books Conference papers Dissertations Research and program reports – published and unpublished  Locating literature Library holdings Databases and CD-Roms – (i.e.,Medline, JSTOR) Indexes International agencies (WHO, UN, World Bank) NGOs Government Departments Internet Searching on the Internet Carrying out a literature review Step two: Review the literature Be selective! Read reference listings and bibliographies Summarize the development and rationale for research topic Arrange by key themes or findings  General critique questions Is the author knowledgeable? Is discussion objective and balanced? Is article up-to-date and relevant? Are findings substantiated? Does author provide counter evidence and alternative explanations?  Methodological critique Sample size Validity Generalizability Confounding variables Carrying out a literature review Step three: Organizing the review Based on initial reading of research review and reconsider keywords to categorize the literature Use as headings to organize summaries of research Be open and flexible in this process  Carrying out a literature review Step four: Crafting your story Identify areas of consensus Identify areas of disagreement Provide summaries throughout the review Refer to other’s findings – Include specific details (i.e., criteria for inclusion, sample size, type of study, findings) Cover seminal work and concepts Important things to remember Careful in use of verbs Avoid repetition Keep a search journal Cannot cover entire literature Make sure your review supports your research question and approach  Citing your work Provide careful citations – attribution important Most widely used reference styles are Harvard Style; Vancouver Style; Turabian Style Check which style is required in advance  References Natilene Bowker. 2006. Student Learning Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North. Faizunnisa, A. “Use of Internet for Literature Review”. Powerpoint Presentation. Population Council. Davies, M. 2005. “Critical thinking: Making an argument and reviewing literature.” University of Melbourne. Hofmann. 2006. “The Literature Review, a.k.a. lit review.”  Fishbain et Al (2013) concluded that there is an association between fatigue and pain. The data also consistently indicate that fatigue etiology was related to the presence of pain.  Murphy et Al (2013) examined how fatigue in daily life is related to subsequent physical activity among fatigued people with knee and hip OA and concludes that daily experiences of fatigue were negatively and robustly related to subsequent physical activity. Further analyses revealed that the effect was strongest for people with the highest functional mobility, providing some support for a tailored approach to fatigue management in OA based on functional mobility.  Khan et al reported that the prolonged use of mobile phones is associated with a greater frequency of neck pain and a higher NDI score. There is a significant positive correlation exist between text neck syndrome and mobile phone usage. Initially, the musculoskeletal changes are short term but can cause disabilities in later life if proper care and prevention are not taken  Parmakovska et al (2016) highlighted in her research that 62.5% patients undergoing haemodialysis experienced muscle cramps usually in lower legs at least once weekly and most commonly experienced severity score being 5 i.e. in 26.15% patients.. In a study conducted by Brita et al (2014) concluded that 15.3% of respondents said that their work as a Physical therapist interfered with their private and family life. Of the respondents, 61% said they often felt exhausted at the end of a working day. Approximately one third had often considered leaving their profession during the previous twelve months, with 55% citing physical problems as the main reason for leaving. This was followed by poor pay (32%) and mental stress (24%). Thanks