3.Land RESOURCES (1).pdf

NATURAL RESOURCES Dr. Prasenjit Adak  Resources  What are resources?  A resource is a source or supply from which a benefit is produced and that has some utility.  Example: Land, Minerals Soil, Water, Energy, Food etc. ...

NATURAL RESOURCES Dr. Prasenjit Adak  Resources  What are resources?  A resource is a source or supply from which a benefit is produced and that has some utility.  Example: Land, Minerals Soil, Water, Energy, Food etc.  Types of resources:  Natural resources  Man-made resources  Human resources This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations.  Natural Resources  What are natural resources?  The natural resources may be defined as any material given to us by nature which can be transformed in a way that it becomes more valuable and useful.  Types of natural resources:  Non-renewable resources  Renewable resources This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations.  Types of natural resources  Based upon chemical nature: I. Inorganic (e.g. air, water, ores etc.) II. Organic (e.g. plants, animals, ores etc.).  Based upon distribution: I. National (land, minerals etc.) II. Multinational (lakes, rivers etc.) III. International (e.g. air, oceans etc.)  Based upon availability: I. Inexhaustible (unlimited in supply e.g. sunlight, wind, tidal energy) II. Exhaustible (limited in supply) a) Non-renewable (fossil fuels) b) Renewable (forests, underground water, top soil etc.) This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations.  Renewable and Non-renewable Resources  What are renewable resources?  The resources which are renewed or replenished fast or have unlimited source.  Example: Water, air, biomass, solar energy etc.  What are non-renewable resources?  The resources which can not be renewed or replenished.  Example: Fossil fuels, Nuclear power, Minerals etc. This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations.  Some natural resources to be discussed Land Resource Forest Resource Water Resource Energy Resource This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations. LAND RESOURCE Dr. Prasenjit Adak  Land as a resource  The study of soils in their natural environment is called “pedology”.  Land is a renewable but limited resource  Problems related to land resource  Reaching the carrying capacity  Population density  Improper land-use planning  Saltwater intrusion  Land degradation  Soil erosion This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations.  Land Degradation  Causes  Natural causes  Heavy rainfall  High speed winds  Natural disasters: earthquake, landslide, flood, draught  Expansion of desert  Anthropogenic causes  Mining  Urbanization  Deforestation  Overgrazing  Water logging  Construction of dams  Extensive use of fertilizers  Dumping of industrial and municipal wastes This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations.  Soil  Soil is a dynamic natural body capable of supporting a vegetative cover. It is composed largely of weathered rocks, water, oxygen and organic materials.  Soil formation  Processes  Physical weathering  Chemical weathering  Biological weathering  Factors  Parent material  Living organisms  Climate  Topography  Time This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations.  Soil  Soil profile This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations.  Soil  Functions of soil  Facilitates nutrient cycle  Food and other biomass production  Stores water and regulates water supply  Regulates the emission of trace gases  Filter ground water  Degrades pollutants  Biological habitat  Source of clay  Platform for man-made structures: buildings, highways This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations.  Soil Erosion  Types  Normal erosion or geologic erosion  Accelerated or Anthropogenic erosion  Causes  Climatic agents  Water induced erosion o Splash erosion o Sheet erosion o Rill erosion o Gully erosion o Slip erosion o Stream bank erosion  Wind induced erosion o Suspension o Saltation o Surface creep  Biotic agents This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations.  Soil Erosion  Effects  Decreased productivity of land  Desertification of land  Deposition of soil in water bodies  Reduction of agricultural land in river banks This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations.  Soil Erosion  Control  Conservational till farming  Stubble mulching  Contour farming  contour bunding  Construction of check dams  Terracing  Strip cropping  Alley cropping (Agro- forestry)  Wind breaks This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations.  Conventional tillage VS Conservation tillage This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations.  Contour Lines Contour Lines (lines that connect the points with same altitude) This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations.  Wind Breaks This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations.  Desertification  Types  Moderate (10 - 25%)  Severe (25 – 50%)  Very severe (more than 50%)  Causes  Natural causes  Very low rain fall  Excessive evaporation  Vast difference in diurnal temperature  High salinity  Anthropogenic causes  Deforestation  Overgrazing  Conversion of pasture into arable land  Excessive use of fertilizer This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations.  Desertification  Effects  Rapid soil erosion  Poor soil quality  Unfavorable climate  Low water table, salty and hard water  Endangered human and animal life  Economic and human cost This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations.  Desertification  Control  Large scale plantation  Sustainable agricultural practices  Development of pasture land and controlling overgrazing  Development of water catchment  Rainwater harvesting This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations.  Mining  Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth Opencast Mining Underground Mining This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations.  Mining  Effects of Mining This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations.  Thank You This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations.