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# The Renaissance and Age of Exploration The document contains notes on various aspects of the Renaissance and the Age of Exploration, organized into different categories like: * **Economy:** Discusses the commercial revolution, capitalism, mercantilism, and the role of trade, including the rise...

# The Renaissance and Age of Exploration The document contains notes on various aspects of the Renaissance and the Age of Exploration, organized into different categories like: * **Economy:** Discusses the commercial revolution, capitalism, mercantilism, and the role of trade, including the rise of merchant classes, banking families (like the Medici), and joint-stock companies. Mention is made of the Columbian Exchange and its impact on trade, including the transatlantic slave trade. The importance of silver, particularly from Potosi, to Spanish economy is noted. * **Technology:** Details advancements in navigation, like the compass and caravel ships, which facilitated exploration. The printing press is highlighted, and its impact on spreading information and fostering literacy is mentioned. * **Social:** Provides an overview of social structures, notably the hierarchical nature of society in Renaissance and exploration eras. The document notes limited power for women and how social classes shaped access to education, opportunities, and wealth. The treatment of indigenous populations and enslaved people by various European countries is discussed. * **Political:** Describes the rise of nation-states and the shift away from feudalism. The rise of new monarchies in England, France, and Spain are highlighted, along with the growth of centralized power. It discusses aspects of how power dynamics shifted during this time period. * **Religious:** Covers religious reformations, like the Protestant Reformation, and how religious views played a role in the political and social landscape of the era. The relationship between the Catholic Church and the growing power of monarchs is covered. * **Intellectual/Arts:** Covers humanism, secularism, and the revival of classical texts, along with artistic developments. Renaissance artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael are mentioned. The document also includes specifics on regions and countries like Italy, England, Spain, Portugal, and others. Dates and key figures are mentioned throughout the notes. The content appears to be primarily from lecture notes or study material, with bullet points and various notations indicating different ideas and concepts.