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# D-Day Invasion **What is that, exactly?** * Pillboxes & concrete bunkers with "disappearing gun" emplacements in cliffs/waterfronts * Machine guns, anti-tank guns, & light artillery * Minefields & anti-tank obstacles on beaches * Underwater obstacles * Slanted poles in landing spots for gliders/...

# D-Day Invasion **What is that, exactly?** * Pillboxes & concrete bunkers with "disappearing gun" emplacements in cliffs/waterfronts * Machine guns, anti-tank guns, & light artillery * Minefields & anti-tank obstacles on beaches * Underwater obstacles * Slanted poles in landing spots for gliders/parasailers * Low-lying rivers & estuarine areas were permanently flooded **How D-Day Affected the War** **Planning:** * **Dwight D Eisenhower** **Execution:** * 6:30am: Largest air, sea, and land invasion * 5000 ships * 1000 airplanes * 3000 vehicles * 13,000 paratroopers * Omaha Beach: deadliest fighting & crossfire, 2,000+ deaths **Results:** Success in opening up the Western front in Europe, providing beach access for troops and supplies. # Yalta Conference (January 1945) * **Decisions Made:** 1. Creation of the United Nations for promoting a world peace. 2. Germany and Berlin division into four zones, controlled by the US, British, France, and Soviet Union. 3. Eastern European countries under Soviet control would have "free elections". * *Note:* Stalin agreed in principle to free elections, but maintained control of Eastern Europe. This led to the Cold War. 4. Soviets declared war on Japan 1 month after V-E Day. # Deaths by Country | Country | Deaths | |---|---| | US | 250,000 | | Germany | 7,000,000 | | USSR | 20-27,000,000 | | Poland | 6,000,000 | | France | 450,000 | # Three World Leaders Die * April 1945: US: FDR dies, Truman is new President. # Hitler's Attempted Assassination: July 20, 1944 * **Operation Valkyrie:** Major Claus Von Stauffenberg. * **Plan:** Place a bomb in meeting room. * **Bomb Explodes but Hitler Survives:** Hitler escaped with minor injuries. * **Significance:** The assassination attempt underscores the resistance movement of a fraction within the Nazi party against Hitler # Battle of Berlin * April 1945: USSR reaches Berlin. * Hitler's orders: fight to the death. * April 30- Hitler's suicide. * May 2: Germany Surrender # Battle for Berlin * **April 1945:** USSR reaches Berlin. # V-E Day: Victory in Europe Day * May 2 - The date where Germany surrendered leading to the end of fighting in Europe # Battle of the Bulge * Location: Belgium in the Ardennes forest * **Area:** only lightly guarded (poor roads, rugged terrain, heavily forested) * **Significance:** Surprising Allies, bad weather and odd location **Note:** The image contains a lot of handwritten information, potentially missing some details and with some errors or inconsistencies. The format used here attempts to summarize and structure the data while retaining the essence of the original.