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# Additional Study Guide: Plants, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration **Plant Structure and Function:** * **Ground Tissue:** Contains cells important for photosynthesis and food storage. It also provides structure. * **Dermal Tissues:** Prevent the loss of water needed for photosynthesis. *...

# Additional Study Guide: Plants, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration **Plant Structure and Function:** * **Ground Tissue:** Contains cells important for photosynthesis and food storage. It also provides structure. * **Dermal Tissues:** Prevent the loss of water needed for photosynthesis. * **Xylem:** Transports water required for photosynthesis. * **Phloem:** Transports glucose (sugar). * **Stomata:** Used for gas exchange. They close when plants lose too much water. Plants with more leaves lose more water than plants with fewer leaves because stomata are located on the leaves. * **Guard Cells:** Open and close stomata, allowing for the intake and release of gases. Carbon dioxide enters, and oxygen is released. * **Meristematic Tissue:** Contains stem cells of the plant. Meristem cells divide to create more stem cells or to form various plant organs. This keeps the plant growing. * **Photosynthetic Organisms (e.g., zooxanthellae):** Produce glucose and oxygen. * **Ovules:** Become seeds. The hard seed coat protects the developing embryo until the seedling emerges. This is an advantage that seed-producing plants have over non-seed producing plants. * **Ovary:** Becomes the fruit. **Photosynthesis:** * **Reactants:** Water and carbon dioxide. * **Energy Source:** Light is the form of energy needed to drive photosynthesis. * **Products:** Glucose and oxygen. * **Rate of Photosynthesis:** Increasing the amount of light increases the rate of photosynthesis. **Cellular Respiration:** * **ATP:** Chemical energy created through cellular respiration. * **Types of Cellular Respiration:** Aerobic (requires oxygen) and anaerobic (does not require oxygen; also called fermentation). * **Anaerobic Respiration/Fermentation:** In the absence of oxygen, muscle cells convert pyruvate to lactic acid through fermentation.