Human Anatomy Lecture 3.1 (PDF)

THE BACK Human Anatomy ANTH/EEB/NURS 250 Lecture 3.1 Bones of the back  Bones of the back CLAVICLE SCAPULA VERTEBRAE RIBS  Shoulder & thorax from superior view SCAPULA GLENOID FOSSA (Shoulder join...

THE BACK Human Anatomy ANTH/EEB/NURS 250 Lecture 3.1 Bones of the back  Bones of the back CLAVICLE SCAPULA VERTEBRAE RIBS  Shoulder & thorax from superior view SCAPULA GLENOID FOSSA (Shoulder joint) RIBS CLAVICLE STERNUM (MANUBRIUM) STERNUM (BODY) Back to the vertebrae CERVICAL (neck) VERTEBRAE C1 (atlas) C2 (axis) C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 Back to the vertebrae POSTERIOR VIEW Back to the vertebrae THORACIC T1 VERTEBRAE COSTAL FACETS T12 Back to the vertebrae SUPERIOR VIEW Back to the vertebrae LUMBAR VERTEBRAE L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 Vertebral anatomy Vertebral anatomy (superior views) C1 C4 T2 L2 TRANSVERSE PROCESS CENTRUM (BODY) Vertebral anatomy (superior views) C1 C4 T2 L2 SPINOUS PROCESS VERTEBRAL FORAMEN (through which spinal cord passes)  INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS Anterior view Transverse process Centrum INTERVERTEBRAL DISC Centrum  Ligaments of the vertebral column INTERVERTEBRAL POSTERIOR DISC (cross-section) LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT ANTERIOR LIGAMENTUM LONGITUDINAL FLAVUM LIGAMENT SUPRASPINOUS LIGAMENT ANTERIOR POSTERIOR Ligaments of the vertebral column: schematic ANTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT INTERVERTEBRAL DISC Centrum Entire only vertebrae POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT LIGAMENTUM FLAVUM SUPRASPINOUS LIGAMENT Spinal cord Inferior spinal cord (lumbar & sacral vertebrae) CENTRA OF L1 SPINOUS PROCESSES VERTEBRAE L2 OF VERTEBRAE L3 MEDULLARY SPINAL CORD L4 CONE (CONUS (surrounded by L5 meninges) MEDULLARIS) CAUDA EQUINA SACRUM REVIEW: Spinal nerves  Structure of spinal nerves Dorsal root Dorsal root ganglion Posterior (dorsal) ramus Spinal cord Ventral root Anterior (ventral) ramus Posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nerves ▪ MUSCLE INNERVATION TO INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE BACK ▪ GENERAL SENSATION OF BACK  Muscles of the back EXTRINSIC MUSCLES INTRINSIC MUSCLES ▪ Originate from ▪ Originate from vertebrae or ribs vertebrae or ribs ▪ Insert on bones of ▪ Insert on vertebrae the upper limb or ribs ▪ Move the upper limb ▪ Move the trunk THORACOLUMBAR FASCIA  BACK: Extrinsic muscles LEVATOR SCAPULAE M. TRAPEZIUS M. RHOMBOID MINOR M. RHOMBOID MAJOR M. LATISSIMUS SERRATUS DORSI M. POSTERIOR INFERIOR M.  BACK: Extrinsic muscles INNERVATION: SERRATUS POSTERIOR Anterior (ventral) rami SUPERIOR M. of spinal nerves Rhomboids (cut) THORACOLUMBAR FASCIA SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR M. Latissimus dorsi (cut) BACK: Intrinsic muscles SPLENIUS CAPITIS M. SPLENIUS CERVICIS M. ERECTOR SPINAE MM. INNERVATION: Posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nerves  BACK: Intrinsic muscles Semispinalis capitis m. Splenius capitis m. Splenius cervicis m. ERECTOR SPINAE MM.: ✓ Iliocostalis m. ✓ Longissimus m. ✓ Spinalis m. INNERVATION: Posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nerves BACK: Deep intrinsic muscles ▪ Semispinalis cervicis ▪ Semispinalis thoracis ▪ Rotatores brevis ▪ Rotatores longus ▪ Interspinales ▪ Intertransversarii ▪ Levatores costarum ▪ Rectus capitis posterior major ▪ Rectus capitis posterior minor ▪ Inferior oblique of head ▪ Superior oblique of head MULTIFIDUS M.  BACK: Motions Splenius capitis & cervicis ✓ Extend, rotate & laterally flex the head and cervical spine Erector spinae ✓ Extend & laterally flex the spine ✓ Main stabilizer of the thoracic and lumbar column Deep intrinsic muscles ✓ Extend, rotate & laterally flex the head and spine ✓ Produce small movements Skin innervation of the back