Ankle Joint & Small Joints of Foot PDF

Anatomy of LOWER Limb Ankle Joint & Small Joints of Foot By Dr. Hassan Mohammed Rizk (Ph.D.) Associate Professor of Human Anatomy and Embryology  Case Study LOWER LIMB Ankle joint and Small joints of foot By Dr. Hassan Rez...

Anatomy of LOWER Limb Ankle Joint & Small Joints of Foot By Dr. Hassan Mohammed Rizk (Ph.D.) Associate Professor of Human Anatomy and Embryology  Case Study LOWER LIMB Ankle joint and Small joints of foot By Dr. Hassan Rezk October 11, 2024 2  Objectives: by the end of this lecture the student must understand the following knowledge: ▪ Identify and demonstrate the Tibio-fibular Joints regarding: LOWER LIMB 1) Articular surfaces. 2) Type. 3) Ligaments. ▪ Identify and demonstrate the Ankle Joint regarding: 1) Articular surfaces. 2) Type. 3) Ligaments. 4) Special characters. 5) Movements. 6) Stability. ▪ Identify and demonstrate the small joints of the foot regarding their Movements. ▪ Arches of the foot. Ankle joint and Small joints of foot By Dr. Hassan Rezk October 11, 2024 3  Objective 1: Tibio-Fibular Joints LOWER LIMB Ankle joint and Small joints of foot By Dr. Hassan Rezk October 11, 2024 4  Objective 1: Tibio-Fibular Joints LOWER LIMB Ankle joint and Small joints of foot By Dr. Hassan Rezk October 11, 2024 5  Objective 1: Tibio-Fibular Joints LOWER LIMB Ankle joint and Small joints of foot By Dr. Hassan Rezk October 11, 2024 6  Objective 2: Ankle Joint LOWER LIMB Type Synovial – Hinge Together, the fibula and tibia create a deep bracket-shaped socket for the upper expanded part of the body of the talus: 1. Roof of the socket is formed by the inferior surface of the distal end of Articular Surfaces the tibia. 2. Medial side of the socket is formed by the medial malleolus of the tibia. 3. Lateral side of the socket is formed by the lateral malleolus of the fibula. 1. Medial (deltoid) ligament. Supporting Ligaments 2. Lateral ligament. Movements dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot Ankle joint and Small joints of foot By Dr. Hassan Rezk October 11, 2024 7 LOWER LIMB Ankle joint and Small joints of foot By Dr. Hassan Rezk October 11, 2024 8  Medial (deltoid) ligament ▪ Shape: Triangular in shape. Attachments: LOWER LIMB ▪ Its apex is attached above to the medial malleolus. Its broad base is attached below to a line that extends: ✓ From: the tuberosity of the navicular bone in front. ✓ To: the medial tubercle of the talus behind. ▪ Parts: four parts based on the inferior attachment: 1) Tibio-navicular part. Attached to navicular. 2) Tibio-calcaneal part, which is more central, attached to the calcaneus bone. 3) Posterior tibio-talar part attached to talus. 4) Anterior tibio-talar part: attached to talus. ▪ Importance: 1) Prevents over-eversion of the foot. (Q. Why the range of inversion is larger than that of eversion?) 2) Helps maintain the medial longitudinal arch. Ankle joint and Small joints of foot By Dr. Hassan Rezk October 11, 2024 9 LOWER LIMB Ankle joint and Small joints of foot By Dr. Hassan Rezk October 11, 2024 10 LOWER LIMB Lateral ligament ▪ Parts: composed of three separate ligaments: 1) Anterior talo-fibular ligament. 2) Posterior talo-fibular ligament. 3) Calcaneo-fibular ligament. ▪ Importance: Resists inversion of the foot and may be torn during an ankle sprain (inversion injury) Ankle joint and Small joints of foot By Dr. Hassan Rezk October 11, 2024 11  Movements of Ankle Joint ( Movement of the Foot ) Movements Muscle Nerve Supply 1. Tibialis anterior LOWER LIMB 2. Extensor Digitorum Longus Dorsiflexion (Extension) Anterior Tibial (Deep peroneal) Nerve 3. Extensor Hallucis Longus 4. Peroneus (Fibularis) Tertius 1. Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus Musculocutaneous (Superficial peroneal) Nerve 2. Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis 3. Gastrocnemius 4. Soleus Plantarflexion (Flexion) 5. Plantaris Posterior Tibial Nerve 6. Tibialis Posterior 7. Flexor Digitorum Longus 8. Flexor Hallucis Longus Knee Joint By Dr. Hassan Rezk October 11, 2024 12  Objective 3: Small Joints of foot LOWER LIMB Ankle joint and Small joints of foot By Dr. Hassan Rezk October 11, 2024 13  Objective 3: Small Joints of foot (See Muscles of the Foot) LOWER LIMB Ankle joint and Small joints of foot By Dr. Hassan Rezk October 11, 2024 14  Objective 3: Small Joints of foot LOWER LIMB Ankle joint and Small joints of foot By Dr. Hassan Rezk October 11, 2024 15  Acute Sprains of the “Medial Ankle” Acute Sprains of the “Lateral Ankle” LOWER LIMB Ankle joint and Small joints of foot By Dr. Hassan Rezk October 11, 2024 16  Clinical Correlation Acute Sprains of the “Medial Ankle” Acute Sprains of the “Lateral Ankle” LOWER LIMB less common. More common. Due to excessive eversion. Due to excessive inversion of the foot with Pulling off the tip of the medial malleolus. plantar flexion of the ankle. The anterior talofibular ligament and the calcaneofibular ligament are partially torn, giving rise to great pain and local swelling. Ankle joint and Small joints of foot By Dr. Hassan Rezk October 11, 2024 17  Case Scenario A 28-year-old male presents to the clinic after twisting his right ankle while playing LOWER LIMB soccer. He reports immediate pain and swelling in the lateral aspect of his ankle. On physical examination, there is tenderness over the lateral malleolus with noticeable swelling and bruising. X-rays show no fractures. Which of the following ligaments is most likely injured in this patient? A. Deltoid ligament B. Posterior talofibular ligament C. Anterior talofibular ligament D. Spring ligament Ankle joint and Small joints of foot By Dr. Hassan Rezk October 11, 2024 18 LOWER LIMB Reference ISBN: 978-0-7020-5131-9 ISBN: 978-07817-7525-0 ISBN: 978-1-60913-446-4 Copyright© 2015, 2010, 2005 by Copyright© 2010, by Lippincott Copyright© 2012, by Lippincott Churchill Livingstone, an imprint of Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Elsevier Inc. Kluwer business. Kluwer business. Chapter 6. Chapter 5. Chapter 10. Ankle joint and Small joints of foot By Dr. Hassan Rezk October 11, 2024 19 LOWER LIMB Ankle joint and Small joints of foot By Dr. Hassan Rezk October 11, 2024 20