Finishing and Polishing Processes in Restorative Treatment PDF

Finishing and Polishing Processes in Restorative Treatment Prof. Dr. Şölen GÜNAL  Finishing and Polishing in Restoration Materials Finishing and polishing processes in dental restorations have a very important place in obtaining long-lasting and ae...

Finishing and Polishing Processes in Restorative Treatment Prof. Dr. Şölen GÜNAL  Finishing and Polishing in Restoration Materials Finishing and polishing processes in dental restorations have a very important place in obtaining long-lasting and aesthetic clinical results. Surface roughness that occurs as a result of improper finishing and polishing processes causes results such as plaque accumulation, gingival irritations, low surface properties and low aesthetics. Achieving successful results in finishing and polishing processes requires progress with a gradual process. Although finishing and polishing processes are mainly associated with etching, both There are different processes in the method. Clinical Significance of Finishing and Polishing Processes Clinical Benefits of Finishing and Polishing Processes 1. Minimal irritation of the oral mucosa and hard tissues of teeth 2. Imitating the surface aesthetic properties of natural teeth 3. Minimizing food residues and plaque buildup that may occur during restoration 4. Providing resistance to corrosion 5. Creating a more hygienic environment in the oral environment 6. To obtain restorations with extended clinical life Clinical Objectives of Finishing and Polishing Processes 1. Obtaining the appropriate anatomical form 2. Achieving ideal occlusion 3. Removal of rough areas, scratches and microcracks 4. Ensuring surface properties that are accepted by the oral mucosa 5. Minimization of bacterial adhesions and plaque buildup 6. Creating an easy-to-clean surface with brush and dental floss is to provide.  Ideal Surface Properties Laboratory/Clinic ▶ Monitored Laboratory/Clinic to edit surface properties Procedures: 1. Bulk Reduction: It is the process of etching by removing a large part of the material that is unwanted 2. Cutting : A second etching process with sharp abrasives or drills or an abrasive embedded in a binder matrix on the disc 3. Grinding : From the surface with relatively coarse abrasive particles It is the process of removing material by etching. 4. Abrasion: It is the process of removing a material with hard and rough or hard irregularly shaped particles by creating grooves and irregular scratches on the surface of another material consisting of a softer material Clinically applied finishing and polishing processes in restoration materials constitute the sub-headings of the abrasion procedure. Finishing: The process of shaping surface defects and scratches by arranging them with cutting and grinding instruments (bur and abrasives) Polish: The process of completing the mechanical and aesthetic properties by providing shine on the material  Clinical Importance of Finishing and Polishing Finish; It is the process of removing irregularities at the end boundaries of the restoration, creating anatomical contours and removing surface roughness. End limits are very important for the longevity of direct or indirect restorations, because polymerization shrinkage, chewing forces and thermal expansion affect the marginal parts of the restorations. In this process, the restorative material should not be removed excessively and the adjacent natural tooth structure should not be damaged. Polishing; To reduce small scratches and surface roughness that occur on the restoration surface during the finishing process, Achieving a smooth, light-reflecting enamel-like glossy surface It is carried out after the finishing processes for  Factors on which Finishing and Polishing Effectiveness Depends The effectiveness of Finishing and Polishing processes differs both on the basis of materials and according to the type and characteristics of the tool used 1. Type of restorative material (composite resin, polyacid modified composite resin-compomer , glass ionomer, amalgam, ceramic materials) 2. Physical properties of the restorative material or abrasive (hardness, flexibility, thickness, softness, porosity) 3. Hardness difference between restorative material and abrasive 4. Abrasive particle size, quantity and shape 5. The speed at which the abrasive instrument is applied and its pressure on the restoration materialLubricants used throughout abrasive application (water, water-soluble polymers, glycerol, silicone oil, ptroleum jelly)  Why Are Finishing and Polishing Processes Important in Restoration Materials? Why Are Finishing and Polishing Processes Important in Restoration Materials? Clinical and scientific reasons for finishing and polishing 1. Removing excesses, smoothing and polishing restoration edges so that anatomical contours can be created 2. Reducing the risk of breakage. Fractures are more likely to occur on a rough surface 3. Reducing surface imperfections, thereby reducing the surface area, As a result, the risk of surface deterioration and corrosion is reduced 4. Achieving a smooth surface for less plaque build-up 1. Improve oral function and chewing 2. To make it easier for food to separate from polished tooth surfaces 3. By obtaining a smooth surface, facilitating access to all surfaces, edge areas, interproximal areas with normal tooth brushing and flossing 4. Creating smooth restoration contacts so that there is less risk of wear on opposing and adjacent teeth 5. To obtain restorations that are more aesthetic and reflect light naturally 3 main reasons to finish and polish 1. Health (Oral Health) 2. Function (Oral Function) 3. Aesthetics Materials Used in Finishing and Polishing Processes  Types of Abrasive Materials 1. Natural Abrasives Abrasive feature found in nature thanks to its physical properties They are carrying materials 2. Manufactured Abrasive Materials They are abrasive materials produced by companies by synthesizing natural abrasive particles or their synthetic counterparts 1. Natural Abrasives 1. Arkansas Stone ▶ It is a light gray, translucent, silicon-composite, sedimentary rock ▶ Contains homogeneous, dense textured, hard microcrystalline quartz ▶ tooth enamel in small pieces, polishing metal compounds, ▶ It is used for polishing hand tools in large molds 1. Natural Abrasives 1. Arkansas Stone 1. Chalk (Kalkite Chalk) ▶ It is a natural calcite compound with a white color ▶ The calcium carbonate in its structure gives it abrasive properties ▶ It isused in the form of a polishing paste with moderate abrasive properties ▶ It is used in the polishing processes of tooth enamel, gold cast restorations, amalgam and plastic-containing dental materials  1. Natural Abrasives 1. Chalk (Kalkite Chalk) 1. Corundum (Alumina/Aluminum Oxide) ▶ Pink - White in color, it is the hardest material after diamond ▶ It is frequently used in grinding processes ▶ In dentistry, it is used as a white/pink stone in laboratory procedures  A. Natural Abrasives 1. Corundum (Alumina/Aluminum Oxide) 1. Diamond ▶ It is a mineral composed of transparent, colorless carbon ▶ It is called super abrasive ▶ It is the hardest material known in nature  A. Natural Abrasives 1. Diamond 1. Emery (Sanding Stone) ▶ Black - Grey ▶ Corundum mineral with aluminum and iron It occurs as a result of natural oxidation A. Natural Abrasives 5. Emery (Sanding Wheel) 1. Garnet (Garnet) ▶ It is a very hard mineral, dark red in color ▶ Garnet stone, similar crystalline form and It consists of a mixture of minerals with physical properties ▶ It contains aluminum, cobalt, iron, magnesium, manganese silicate in its structure ▶ It is produced by pulverizing it and placing it on strips and discs  A. Natural Abrasives 1. Garnet (Garnet) 1. Pumice (Pumice Stone) ▶ It is a light gray volcanic mineral with a high content of silica ▶ In the form of stones and in powder form (prophylaxis paste) Available ▶ The degree of hardness is lower ▶ It can be used in acrylic, plastic, amalgam and gold materials  A. Natural Abrasives 1. Pumice (Pumice Stone) 1. Quartz (Kuvars) ▶ It is a colorless transparent glass-like mineral ▶ It is one of the most common and easily available minerals in nature ▶ Its sharp-edged micromineral structure is effective on metal and tooth enamel ▶ It is pulverized and used on discs A. Natural Abrasives 8. Quartz (Kuvars) 1. Sand (Sand) ▶ It is a mineral mixture consisting mainly of silica ▶ From mineral fragments of different sizes with different abrasive properties Occurs ▶ It is used by placing on discs as well as sandblasting machines and air abrasion devices A. Natural Abrasives 9. Sand (Kum) 1. Tripoli (Opal Dust) ▶ It is a dense, sedimentary piece of mineral rock of light, brittle silica ▶ Mineral powders ground into very fine particles It is formed by coming together with soft bonds ▶ It can be in gray, white, yellow, orange, pink, red, blue colors ▶ Gray and Red type is used in dentistry ▶ Can be used on acrylic, plastics and metals A. Natural Abrasives 10. Tripoli (Opal Dust) 1. Zircon (Zirconium Silicate) ▶ Off-white - obtained as a mineral of white-blue color ▶ As it is obtained in nature, it is called zircon ▶ It was ground into various particle sizes and added to polishing strips and discs ▶ In addition, it is also used by adding it to the prophylaxis paste A. Natural Abrasives 11. Zircon (Zirconium Silicate) 1. Cuttle (Cuttlefish Bone) ▶ Off-white - Mother-of-pearl is an organic mineral with a blue color ▶ It is the mineral tissue that makes up the skeletal structure of cuttlefish ▶ It is pulverized to form a calcareous abrasive material ▶ It is used in metal casting, precious alloy and amalgam polishing A. Natural Abrasives 12. Cuttle (Cuttlefish Bone) 1. Kieselguhr / Diatomaceous Earth (Diyatom Yosunu) ▶ Diatoms are microscopic vegetable algae, algae ▶ There are approximately 10,000 pieces in 1 cm3 of sea water in many different forms ▶ They form silica organic residues ▶ Hydrocolloid impressions and restoration materials It is also used as a filler ▶ It has high mechanical properties, which is known as "excellent mild abrasive" A. Natural Abrasives 13. Kieselguhr / Diatomaceous Earth (Diyatom Yosunu) A. Natural Abrasives 13. Kieselguhr / Diatomaceous Earth (Diyatom Yosunu) A. Natural Abrasives 13. Kieselguhr / Diatomaceous Earth (Diyatom Yosunu) 1. Manufactured Abrasive Materials ▶ Using minerals found in nature or produced using synthetic analogues, Fabricated, abrasive materials, which are produced by preparing materials with similar mechanical, physical and abrasive properties in various forms, shapes and thicknesses, are listed under this class 1. Manufactured Abrasive Materials ▶ Among the abrasive types frequently used in finishing and polishing materials in dentistry; ▶ Natural and Synthetic Diamond particles, ▶ Aluminum oxide, ▶ Carbide compounds, ▶ Dioxified silicon, ▶ Zirconium oxide and Zirconium silicate. ▶ Working Mechanism of Abrasive Instruments Used in Dentistry / Types of Abrasions 1. Two - Body Abrasion 2. Three - Body Abrazyon  ▶ Working Mechanism of Abrasive Instruments Used in Dentistry / Types of Abrasions 1. Two - Body Abrasion (Two-Factor) ▶ The abrasive material is placed on the dental instrument ▶ It is based on the principle of etching between the dental instrument and the surface on which it is applied ▶ Abrasive Instruments Used in Dentistry Working Mechanism / Types of Abrasions 1. Three - Body Abrasion (Three-Factor) ▶ The abrasive material is on the dental instrument and is also present in the lubricant ▶ It isbased on the etching of dental instruments and free abrasive particles  ▶ Classification of Abrasive Instruments Used in Dentistry According to Their Design 1. Abraziv Gritler 2. Bonded Abrazivler 3. Abrasive Particle Coated Discs and Strips 1. It is grouped under 4 headings: Non-Bonded Abrasives  ▶ Classification of Abrasive Instruments Used in Dentistry According to Their Design 1. Abraziv Gritler ▶ After a series of grinding processes, it is prepared in various sizes grits (particles), on rotating instrument parts These are the tools obtained by placing them ▶ Determined by different bands according to the size of the grits, It is used on burs with different amount of abrasion ▶ Abrasive Instruments Used in Dentistry Classification by Design 1. Abraziv Gritler Frez Tipi Halka Rengi Grit Boyutu ISO No Supercoarse Siyah 181μm 544 Coarse Yeşil 151μm 534 Medium Mavi 117μm 524 Fine Kırmızı 40μm 514 Superfine Sarı 20μm 504 Ultrafine Beyaz 15μm 494  ▶ Classification of Abrasive Instruments Used in Dentistry According to Their Design 1. Bonded Abrazivler ▶ Abrasive Particles with a binding material It is obtained by adding it to the polishing instrument to be used 1. Sintering 2. Vitröz Bonding 3. Resinous Bonding 4. It is obtained under the headings of Rubber Bonding ▶ Classification of Abrasive Instruments Used in Dentistry According to Their Design 3.Abrasive Particle Coated Discs and Strips ▶ It is produced as disc and finishing strips ▶ With abrasive particles added on flexible plastic-based materials It is produced in thin or very thin forms, resistant to moisture ▶ Abrasive Instruments Used in Dentistry Classification by Design 3.Abrasive Particle Coated Discs and Strips ▶ Classification of Abrasive Instruments Used in Dentistry According to Their Design 3.Abrasive Particle Coated Discs and Strips ▶ Abraziv Diskler ▶ It is used in high etching, contouring, finishing and polishing processes ▶ Abraziv Stripler ▶ Placed on Metal or Plastic, It is used in softening of their sharpness on interproximal surfaces, finishing and polishing processes