Fisheries Professional Licensure Examination Review Class 2024 PDF

“Fisheries Professional Licensure Examination Review Class 2024” NICO JOSE S. LEANDER, PhD College of Fisheries Regional Fisheries Research and Development Cent...

“Fisheries Professional Licensure Examination Review Class 2024” NICO JOSE S. LEANDER, PhD College of Fisheries Regional Fisheries Research and Development Center Central Luzon State University August 11, 2024 Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources 3 What is IUCN Red List? The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, is an inventory of the global conservation status and extinction risk of biological species. Established in 1964, IUCN Red List serves as a critical indicator of the health of the world’s biodiversity. Far more than a list of species and their status, it is a powerful tool to inform and catalyze action for biodiversity conservation and policy change, critical to protecting the natural resources we need to survive. It provides information about range, population size, habitat and ecology, use and/or trade, threats, and conservation actions that will help inform necessary conservation decisions.  Red List Index The Red List Index (RLI) shows trends in overall extinction risk for species, and is used by governments to track their progress towards targets for reducing biodiversity loss.  IUCN Red List as a barometer of life RLI value of 1.0 equates to all species qualifying as Least If the rate of biodiversity loss Concern (i.e., not expected to become Extinct in the near were reducing, the RLI would future). Coral species are moving towards increased extinction risk most rapidly show an upward trend. Confidence intervals (shown in Constant RLI value grey) are calculated to take into over time indicates that the overall extinction account the number of Data risk for the group is unchanged. Deficient species in each group and the uncertainty over exactly when changes in status occurred, Amphibians are, on average, the given that assessments are most threatened animal group. Overall RLI for all repeated only at multi-year taxa combined intervals, and therefore the precise value for any particular year is uncertain. RLI value of 0 equates to all species having gone Extinct. Red List Index of species survival for mammals, birds, amphibians, reef-forming corals and cycads.  How IUCN Red List is used The IUCN Red List shows us where and what actions need to be taken to save the building blocks of nature from extinction. It provides a straightforward way to factor biodiversity needs into decision-making processes by providing a wealth of useful information on species. Guiding scientific research Informing policy and conventions (CITES and Convention on Migratory Species; UN-SDGs, RAMSAR) Influencing resource allocation (used by funding instruments like Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF); SOS - Save Our Species; and Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund as guide in their investments in conservation) Informing conservation planning (used to identify Key Biodiversity Areas) Improving decision-making Education and raising awareness Contributing to human health and livelihoods  The Red List Assessment Process Outside IUCN: Regional/national assessments Within IUCN: Specialist Groups/Red List Authorities Global Biodiversity Assessment Projects Regional Projects IUCN Red List Criteria for Evaluation IUCN Red List Criteria for Evaluation IUCN Red List Criteria for Evaluation IUCN Red List Criteria for Evaluation  IUCN Red List of Threatened Species categories 1.Extinct (EX), a designation applied to species in which the last individual has died or where systematic and time-appropriate surveys have been unable to log even a single individual. Example: Out of the 17 endemic cyprinid fishes in Lake Lanao (the largest lake in Mindanao and the 2nd largest in the Philippines), 15 are now Extinct. The introduction of non-native fish species to the lake in the 1960s to augment local fisheries is the leading cause of the extinction of the native cyprinids. Importance of Lake Lanao cyprinids: The endemic fauna played an important role in the development of the species flock concept that had been widely cited in discussions on evolutionary rates (Herre 1933 ; Myers 1960; Kornfield and Some of the extinct Cyprinids in Lake Lanao. Carpenter 1984). Photo credit: Armi Torres  IUCN Red List of Threatened Species categories 2. Extinct in the Wild (EW), a category containing those species whose members survive only in captivity or as artificially supported populations far outside their historical geographic range Example: Dabry's sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus), also known as the Yangtze sturgeon is a commercially important food fish in the sturgeon family, endemic to China and today restricted to the Yangtze River Basin. This was once a common fish in the Yangtze system but its populations declined drastically due to overfishing, overharvesting of juveniles, habitat fragmentation and degradation and pollution. The fish has been bred in captivity since the 1970s and thousands of individuals have been released into the Yangtze basin, but are apparently not breeding. Nevertheless, this restocking may be the only effort preventing the extinction of the species. It has been officially declared extinct in the wild by the IUCN as of July 21, 2022.  IUCN Red List of Threatened Species categories 3. Critically Endangered (CR), a category containing those species that possess an extremely high risk of extinction as a result of rapid population declines of 80 to more than 90 percent over the previous 10 years (or three generations), a current population size of fewer than 50 individuals, or other factors Example: The Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi), also known as the monkey-eating eagle or great Philippine eagle, is a critically endangered species of eagle of the family Accipitridae which is endemic to forests in the Philippines. The most significant threat to the species is loss of habitat, a result of high levels of deforestation throughout most of its range. In 1994, the IUCN and BirdLife International listed this species as critically endangered. The IUCN believed that between 180 and 500 Philippine eagles survive in the Philippines.  IUCN Red List of Threatened Species categories 4. Endangered (EN), a designation applied to species that possess a very high risk of extinction as a result of rapid population declines of 50 to more than 70 percent over the previous 10 years (or three generations), a current population size of fewer than 250 individuals, or other factors. Example: The humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) is a large species of wrasse mainly found on coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific region. They are long-lived, but has a very slow breeding rate. Individuals become sexually mature at five to seven years, and are known to live for around 30 years. They are protogynous hermaphrodites, with some becoming male at about 9 years old. In 1996, following a decade of rapid population decline, the humphead wrasse was placed on the IUCN Red List of endangered species.  IUCN Red List of Threatened Species categories 5. Vulnerable (VU), a category containing those species that possess a very high risk of extinction as a result of rapid population declines of 30 to more than 50 percent over the previous 10 years (or three generations), a current population size of fewer than 1,000 individuals, or other factors Example: The dugong (Dugong dugon) is a marine mammal and is one of four living species of the order Sirenia, which also includes three species of manatees. It is the only living representative of the once- diverse family Dugongidae; its closest modern relative, Steller's sea cow (Hydrodamalis gigas), was hunted to extinction in the 18th century. All the islands of the Philippines once provided habitats for sizeable herds of dugongs. They were common until the 1970s when their numbers declined sharply due to accidental drownings in fishing gear and habitat destruction of seagrass meadows. Today, only isolated populations survive, most notably in the waters of the Calamian Islands in Palawan, Isabela in Luzon, Guimaras, and Mindanao.  IUCN Red List of Threatened Species categories 6. Near Threatened (NT), a designation applied to species that are close to becoming threatened or may meet the criteria for threatened status in the near future Example: The Philippine tarsier (Carlito syrichta), known locally as mawumag in Cebuano and other Visayan languages, and magô in Waray, is a species of tarsier endemic to the Philippines. It is found in the southeastern part of the archipelago, particularly on the islands of Bohol, Samar and Leyte. The most recent IUCN Red List assessment in 2008, classified the Philippine tarsier as near threatened. This classification is based on an estimated significant decline over the last three generations (about 20 years), but less than 30%, due to habitat loss and because of poaching for the pet trade.  IUCN Red List of Threatened Species categories 7. Least Concern (LC), a category containing species that are pervasive and abundant after careful assessment 7. Data Deficient (DD), a condition applied to species in which the amount of available data related to its risk of extinction is lacking in some way. Consequently, a complete assessment cannot be performed. Thus, unlike the other categories in this list, this category does not describe the conservation status of a species 8. Not Evaluated (NE), a category used to include any of the nearly 1.9 million species described by science but not assessed by the IUCN  Philippine Red List Committee Formed by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources to assess and determine the conservation status of Philippine wildlife. Created through SO 2015-62 on Jan. 22, 2015 to lead the development of a DENR Administrative Order comprising the proposed amendments to the National List of Threatened Terrestrial Fauna of the Philippines and their categories. Composed of experts from various fields of biodiversity and conservation.  What is PARLC? PHILIPPINE AQUATIC RED LIST COMMITTEE or PARLC was established by BFAR in close collaboration with NFRDI to formulate criteria for determining the status of aquatic wildlife and their classification into internationally accepted categories (extinct, extinct in the wild, critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable, near threatened, least concern, data deficient) or other relevant designations PARLC is also in charge of developing the criteria for the determination and identification of critical habitats. The classification shall be based on the best scientific and commercial data available and shall be guided by the criteria in Section 22 of RA 9147 and those developed by renowned organizations such as the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). PARLC is created in accordance to: FISHERIES ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER 233 Aquatic Wildlife Conservation  Sub-committees within PARLC freshwater bony fishes planktons marine demersal bony fishes invertebrates marine pelagic bony fishes aquatic snakes cartilaginous fishes ornamental aquatic organisms cetaceans aquatic plants PARLC Member Institutions: NGAs PARLC Member Institutions: Academes PARLC Member Institutions: NGOs Philippine Center for Terrestrial and Aquatic Research PARLC produced the following in partnership with other organization: As of December 2023, PARLC sub-committee for freshwater bony fishes was able to assess and publish the status of 85 Philippine freshwater fishes.  Philippine Medaka Geographic Distribution The Philippine medaka is endemic to northern Luzon, Philippines and is known only from five locations in Northern Luzon Solsona, Batac, Laoag, Bacarra and Dingras in Ilocos Norte Province (Blanco 1947, Formacion and Uwa 1985) with estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) of 2,970 km2 and an area of occupancy (AOO) with a best estimate of 400-500 km2.  Project Title: Population status of Oryzias luzonensis: The endemic and endangered Philippine medaka Objective: Identify and assess its population status, habitat conditions and geographic range to provide crucial information for conservation managers in prioritizing conservation and restoration efforts focusing on areas that are still harboring this species and to disseminate information thru various channels and conduct local community outreach involving citizen science, as well as educational campaigns. Thank you! Nico Jose S. Leander, Ph.D. Regional Fisheries Research and Development Center Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Region 3 Diosdado Macapagal Government Center, Maimpis, City of San Fernando, Pampanga Email: [email protected] [email protected]