Obesity and Eating Disorders PDF

 Introduction The prevalence of obesity has increased to epidemic proportions, making obesity and its comorbid conditions a major public health concern. This stigmatizing disease is more than just a cosmetic issue; it is a form of malnutrition resulting in considerable...

 Introduction The prevalence of obesity has increased to epidemic proportions, making obesity and its comorbid conditions a major public health concern. This stigmatizing disease is more than just a cosmetic issue; it is a form of malnutrition resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. body mass index (BMI) Considering other factors  Malnutrition in Obesity CAUSES: Over ingestion of low-nutrient high-calorie foods. Low ingestion of high nutrient-density foods (vegetables, dairy, legumes, whole grains, fish, nuts, etc.). High fat diets with low Vitamin C, and folate. Low sun-light exposure causing low vitamin D. Low-grade chronic inflammatory state. Type-II DM increasing renal hyperfiltration with micronutrient loss. Complications of obesity  Treatment 1. Life style modification. 2. Nutritional interventions. 3. Drug therapy. 4. Metabolic Surgery. Life style modifications  Physical activity Per day 150 min/week 75 min/week Some high-risk patients should undergo formal cardiovascular evaluation before initiating an exercise program. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans: Be Active, Healthy and Happy! Accessed at: https://health.gov/paguidelines/pdf/paguide.pdf Tudor-Locke C, Craig CL, Brown WJ et al. How many steps/day are enough? For adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 8: 79- 95, 2011.  Dietary Approaches Low Fat, Low Calorie High Protein Low Glycemic Index Diet Combining High Protein and Low Glycemic Index Approaches Moderate Fat Diets (Mediterranean Diet) Newer Dietary Approaches orlistat Liraglutide  Management options Dietary and behavioral modification Exercise Pharmacotherapy allall havehave relatively relatively poor poor long-term long-term ralhave results relatively poor long- especially term results in morbid obesity Metabolic surgery binge eating disorder bulimia nervosa