3 Mock Exam PDF

# Check Up Test 3 ## Part 1 ### Instructions - Find the word or phrase that best fits in the blanks in the following sentences. ### Questions 1. Technology has been an integral part of our daily lives for several decades now, drastically _us in many positive ways._ - A) measur...

# Check Up Test 3 ## Part 1 ### Instructions - Find the word or phrase that best fits in the blanks in the following sentences. ### Questions 1. Technology has been an integral part of our daily lives for several decades now, drastically _us in many positive ways._ - A) measuring - B) maintaining - C) affecting - D) deceiving - E) compromising 2. The ability to quickly alter the code of life has given us _power_ over the natural world. - A) concerned - B) remarkable - C) arbitrary - D) detrimental - E) peculiar 3. The Egyptians greatly respected the natural world, _ animals whose spirits were worshipped as divine._ - A) accurately - B) reluctantly - C) dramatically - D) appropriately - E) particularly 4. As we age, we gradually lose function and activity in many aspects of our bodies such as the _ in the function of our brains._ - A) launch - B) decline - C) reinforcement - D) admission - E) necessity 5. Music is _ dots and lines to make a code, and it is up to the musician to decipher that code. - A) come up with - B) cut down on - C) made up of - D) looked down on - E) kept up with 6. Computer power _ the intelligence of human beings within the next 20 years because of the accelerating speed at which technology _. - A) would match/advances - B) will have matched / had advanced - C) could have matched / has advanced - D) may have matched / advanced - E) will match / is advancing 7. Understanding the future shaping factors of world trade _ with an understanding of the historical forces that _ the global trading system we have today. - A) will begin / would create - B) began / will create - C) begins / have created - D) had begun / created - E) has begun / are creating 8. Astronomers in Japan _ the strongest magnetic field ever directly _ on the surface of the Sun. - A) had observed / to be measured - B) will observe / having measured - C) observe / to measure - D) have observed / measured - E) observed / to have measured ## Part 2 ### Instructions - Find the word or phrase that best fits in the blanks in the following sentences. ### Questions 9. The Immigration and Naturalization Act, the body of law governing US immigration policy, provides an annual worldwide limit of 675,000 permanent immigrants, _ certain exceptions for close family members. - A) of / with - B) with / to - C) to / in - D) for / at - E) on / beyond 10. Named after the Greek goddess who spun the thread _ life, Klotho proteins play an important role _ the regulation of longevity and metabolism. - A) in / at - B) for / on - C) of / in - D) with / for - E) through / from 11. Platonic love in its modern popular sense is an affectionate relationship _ the sexual element does not enter, especially in cases where one might easily assume otherwise. - A) into which - B) from which - C) under which - D) by which - E) among which 12. _ the Huns are routinely depicted as savage and brutal, especially by ancient writers such as Jordanes and Ammianus Marcellinus, Priscus of Panium depicts them in a better light. - A) Just as - B) So that - C) Given that - D) Although - E) If 13. Undernutrition and malnutrition in childhood interfere with physical and mental development, _ compromising whole lives. - A) for example - B) thus - C) however - D) instead - E) otherwise 14. _ teaching collaborative skills, live musical performance also teaches students to feel confident in front of an audience. - A) As well as - B) In spite of - C) Compared with - D) According to - E) Contrary to 15. _ radiation therapy can damage normal cells besides cancer cells, the National Cancer Institute recommends that treatment must be carefully planned to minimize side effects. - A) After - B) Even if - C) Whereas - D) Because - E) So that ## Part 3 ### Instructions - Read the following sentences and choose the best option to complete them. ### Questions 21. _, all demanding better wages and working conditions. - A) The fear of communist revolution was felt throughout much of Europe. - B) In March 1919, much of Hungary became the Hungarian Soviet Republic. - C) US President Wilson made his important speech in January 1918. - D) In 1918 and early 1919, there were workers' strikes in France, Britain, Italy and other countries. - E) The British Empire lost over 900,000 soldiers fighting primarily against Germany and the Ottoman Empire. 22. _, the precise links between these two conditions have not been clearly defined. - A) Though there is no clear definition of asthma and atopy as chronic disorders. - B) Although the association between asthma and atopy is well-established. - C) Since the clinical manifestations of asthma can be controlled. - D) As the presence of airway inflammation remains a consistent feature. - E) Thanks to hundreds of reports on the prevalence of asthma and atopy in differing populations. 23. Computers are becoming faster and faster, _. - A) unless palm-size computers become commonplace. - B) since one of the most common reasons for a slow computer are programs running in the background. - C) but their speed is still limited by the physical restrictions of an electron moving through matter. - D) when it is important to run your computer at peak performance. - E) whereas they can learn more easily than humans. ## Part 4 ### Instructions - Read the following sentences and choose the best option to complete them. ### Questions 24. Safe and readily available water is important for public health, _. - A) because access to water for agricultural usage is unequally distributed. - B) whether it is used for drinking, domestic use, food production or recreational purposes. - C) even if agricultural water is used for irrigation, pesticide and fertilizer applications. - D) before agriculture is the largest consumer of water. - E) while most of our planet is covered by water. 25. To understand the results of your advertising, _. - A) you must first monitor your business before beginning a campaign. - B) monitoring how many enquiries you receive by email, or phone can also tell you how your customers prefer to contact you. - C) knowing the law will help you to avoid the severe penalties. - D) creating a distinctive and recognisable format for your advertisements is also important. - E) targeting your advertising will make it easier for you to decide how and where to advertise. 26. When motorcycles crash, their riders lack the protection of an enclosed vehicle, _. - A) for the number of deaths in motorcyles has doubled. - B) yet serious head injury is common among the injured. - C) so they are more likely to be injured or killed. - D) or motorcyles are less stable and visible than cars. - E) but in recent years more than 300 riders died in crashes. 27. Minoan civilization declined by the late 15th century B.C., _. - A) therefore they maintained trading relationships with Egypt. - B) yet the invaders most likely overthrew the Minoan government. - C) for the influence of Crete survived. - D) so the volcanic eruption on Thera damaged other cities. - E) but the exact cause is still unknown. 28. The number of wild animals on Earth has decreased in the past 40 years _. - A) as humans kill them for food in unsustainable numbers and destroy habitats. - B) much as we have lost one half of the animal population. - C) as long as global populations of vertebrates have declined by 58 percent between 1970 and 2012. - D) when animals living in the world's lakes have experienced the most dramatic population decline. - E) as if the top threat to wildlife is habitat loss and degradation. ## Part 5 ### Instructions - Read the given passage and answer the following questions. ### Passage Scientists now know that _98 percent of the genes in humans and chimpanzees are identical, making chimps the closest living biological relative of humans_. However, there are fundamental differences between modern humans and their primate relatives. The human brain is larger and more complex, giving humankind the ability to communicate _language, art, and symbols, and to walk upright_. One of the earliest defining human traits is bipedalism, the ability to walk upright on two legs. This characteristic evolved over four million years ago. Other important human characteristics, such as a large and complex brain, the ability to make and use tools, and the capacity for language and culture, _more recently_. Many of what we consider advanced traits, _ art, religion, and different expressions of cultural diversity, emerged during the past 100,000 years. ### Questions 29. According to the passage, weight gain: - A) is the most significant health problem that needs to be addressed urgently - B) is just one of the problems resulting from too much sugar intake - C) and obesity can be mentioned as the two problems that are inevitable for most people - D) is directly related to drinking too much diet sodas - E) might emerge from some artificially sweetened soft drinks 30. We understand from the passage that: - A) sugar sweetened beverages are likely to lead to dementia - B) both artificial and sugar sweetened beverages are detrimental to our health equally - C) there is no proof that artificial sweetened beverages bring about harm to our bodies - D) contrary to popular belief, artificial sweetened beverages might be more dangerous than sugar itself - E) a stroke may take place as a result of consuming too much sugar sweetened beverages 31. One reason why the research findings about artificially sweetened beverages are not conclusive enough is that: - A) some social groups were not included - B) it needs to be interpreted by different circles - C) the risks of dementia and stroke should be considered - D) it is restricted to just one nation - E) it is the first study that has ever been carried out ## Part 6 ### Instructions - Read the given passage and answer the following questions. ### Passage The Huns were a nomadic tribe whose origin is unknown but, most likely, they came from "somewhere between the eastern edge of the Altai Mountains and the Caspian Sea, roughly modern Kazakhstan". They are first mentioned in Roman sources by the historian Tacitus in 91 CE as living in the region around the Caspian Sea and, at this time, are not mentioned as any more of a threat to Rome than any other barbarian tribes. In time, this would change as the Huns became one of the primary contributors to the fall of the Roman Empire, as their invasions of the regions around the empire, which were particularly brutal, encouraged what is known as the Great Migration (also known as the "Wandering of the Nations") between roughly 376-476 CE. This migration of peoples, such as the Alans, Goths, and Vandals, disrupted the status quo of Roman society, and their various raids and insurrections weakened the empire. To cite only one example, the Visigoths under Fritigernwere driven into Roman territory by the Huns in 376 CE and, after suffering abuses by Roman administrators, rose in revolt, initiating the First Gothic War with Rome of 376-382 CE, in which the Romans were defeated, and their emperor Valens killed, at the Battle of Adrianople in 378 CE. ### Questions 32. According to the passage, the Great Migration: - A) included only the Alans, Goths, and Vandals - B) and the "Wandering of the Nations" are two different concepts - C) was triggered by the brutal invasions of the Huns around the Roman empire - D) led to the rebellion of the Alans against Goths - E) was the relocation of more than 6 million people from the rural South to the cities of the North 33. One can conclude from the passage that: - A) one of the many factors that contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire was the rise of a new religion, Christianity. - B) the Huns became the least powerful, but the most feared military force in Europe and brought death and devastation wherever they went. - C) the Huns are so little advanced in civilization that they make no use of fire, nor any kind of relish, in the preparation of their food. - D) the Huns, about whose origin there are strong predictions, were not a settled tribe. - E) the Huns were the only and the most obvious reason of the Roman Empire's fall. 34. One can infer from the passage that: - A) it was not until the Roman sources by Tacitus that the Huns were mentioned - B) in the first Gothic War, the victorious side was the Romans - C) the conclusive evidence reveals that the Huns came from modern Kazakhstan. - D) the Huns called the Great Migration as the "Wandering of the Nations" - E) the Great Migration actually had no profound effect on the status quo of Roman society ## Part 7 ### Instructions - Read the given passage and answer the following questions. ### Passage You would be hard pressed to find a soul in Britain or the Western world - who has not heard of William Shakespeare. Poet, playwright, actor, and widely considered the greatest writer of England, he can lay claim to 37 plays, 154 sonnets and two narrative poems. His plays have been translated into almost all languages and they are performed more than those of any other writer in history. Most people will be able to name a play written by him, many will be able to recite a few lines, and some will even remember entire sonnets. But ask a person on the street about his life and you are unlikely to get much of an answer beyond the fact that he was born in Stratford upon Avon, and eventually moved to London to pursue his theatrical career. Even those who have devoted their lives to studying Shakespeare can not say with any surety what he did during those years leading up to the performance of his first play, nor do they know much about his life beyond the theatre. We don't know his date of birth. But from the few precious documents we know to be authentic, we can make some well-informed guesses about the life of the man who has come to define the English language. ### Questions 35. One can understand from the passage that: - A) in his 20 years as a playwright, Shakespare wrote plays that capture the complete range of human emotion and conflict - B) church and court records are the only documentation to make a deduction about Shakespeare's life - C) both Shakespare's works and his personal life are shrouded in mystery - D) what Shakespare did until the performance of his first play is still a mystery - E) people who dedicated their lives to researching Shakespeare know the details of his private life 36. It is implied in the passage that: - A) most people know and remember almost all sonnets of Shakespeare - B) it is impossible to make any guess about Shakespeare's life from the available documents - C) it is believed that Shakespeare was born on or near April, 23, 1564, and this is the date scholars acknowledge as William Shakespeare's birthday - D) the number of documents known to be authentic is not satisfactory - E) scholars have surmised that Shakespeare most likely attended the King's New School, in Stratford, which taught reading, writing and the classics 37. One can infer from the passage that: - A) even ordinary people know when and where Shakespare was born and where he pursued his career - B) those who have devoted their lives to studying Shakespeare focused solely on his theather life - C) about 150 years after his death, questions arose about the authorship of William Shakespeare's plays. - D) whatever your native tongue is, you can read Shakespeare's plays thanks to translated texts - E) the writer whose plays have been and are performed the most in history is Shakespeare ## Part 8 ### Instructions - Read the given passage and answer the following questions. ### Passage The Swedish social security system with its tax-funded health care has been renowned for decades as providing 'cradle to grave' cover and so it may come as a surprise that private disability insurances for juveniles were initially designed in Sweden as far back as the 1960s. The concept was later exported to neighbouring Nordic countries with similar levels of social welfare benefits. This was the era when numerous social reforms were implemented and children's rights were scrutinised and safeguarded in various ways. In 1955, the Swedish government launched a state benefit for children with severe disability, but it was barely above subsistence level. To meet the need for additional cover above that provided by the state, the industry came up with insurance covers including lump-sum benefits paid out at a certain level of disability. ### Questions 38. According to the passage, the Swedish concept of social security: - A) was surprisingly insufficient at the very beginning - B) was first designed to meet the needs of the disabled - C) goes back as early as the nineteenth century - D) was also adopted by some bordering countries - E) has its benefits as well as its drawbacks 39. The passage is mainly about: - A) why the Swedish concept of social security is popular among other countries - B) the effects of the social security system on the disabled - C) the origin and scope of the Swedish social security system - D) how the Swedish government helped its citizens live above subsistence level - E) the success of the Swedish social security system for juveniles 40. In the third line of the passage, by defining the Swedish social security system as "cradle to grave", the author means: - A) its poor quality - B) its lifetime process - C) its young population - D) its limitations - E) its government system ## Part 9 ### Instructions - Read the given passage and answer the following questions. ### Passage The amount of carbon in our planet's oceans has varied slowly over the ages. But _31 times in the past 542 million years the carbon level has deviated either much more than normal or much faster than usual_. Each of the five great mass extinctions occurred during the same time as the most extreme carbon events. In each case, more than 75 percent of marine animal species vanished. Earth may enter a similar danger zone soon. In 1850 the modern oceans contained about 38,000 gigatons of carbon, and a new study by geophysics professor Daniel H. Rothman of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology indicates that if 310 gigatons or more are added, the deviation will again become acute. Humans have already contributed about 155 gigatons since then, and the world is on course to reach 400 gigatons by 2100. Does that raise the chance for a mass extinction? "Yes, by a lot," Rothman says. ### Questions 41. It is clear from the passage that: - A) the variation in the amount of carbon in our planet's oceans, for years, has not been so rapid - B) due to the increased CO2 concentration, the oceans are becoming more acidic - C) Earth is unlikely to experience a similar danger in the near future - D) the oceans and their inhabitants have already absorbed a third of CO2 emissions related to human activities, in the form of dissolved carbon or minerals - E) Daniel H. Rothman is not in the same boat with other scientists in terms of the likelihood of a mass extinction 42. One can infer from the passage that: - A) the carbon level has differed either more or less than normal - B) it is significant that so much carbon dioxide stays in the atmosphere because it is the most important gas for controlling Earth's temperature - C) we know that the global warming occurring on Earth for the last century is largely due to the release of carbon into the atmosphere - D) in each great mass extinction, less than 25 percent of marine animal species were able to survive - E) scientists have only recently realized that the oceans play an equally important role as carbon sinks and source of oxygen 43. The underlined word "acute" in the passage is closest in meaning to: - A) indifferent - B) controversial - C) mutual - D) critical - E) ridiculous ## Part 10 ### Instructions - Read the provided conversation and choose the most suitable option to complete it. ### Conversation 44. Kemal: I'm finally relieved. I've just submitted my PhD thesis. I have an academic title now. Furkan: That sounds great. Will it have any advantages for you? Kemal: Furkan: You shouldn't worry about that. I'm sure you can overcome that social problem. - A) I don't want to hear a word about academic works because I'm so fed up with it. - B) There is a slight chance that I can get a promotion in the following months. - C) I don't think the title will help me in my career but I'll feel more motivated and self-confident. - D) Well, I've achieved one of my biggest dreams in my life and that is what matters for me. - E) So many, but what bothers me most is the jealousy my colleagues will show against me. 45. Selma: I don't understand what people find in black and white movies. I just don't like them. Fuat: Selma: Are you saying that we should watch a movie for what it is and not for how it is seen to the eye? Fuat: You hit the nail on the head. - A) I think new technological developments have contributed a lot to the film industry. - B) I believe that the content of the movie is much more important than the way it is presented to the audience. - C) With 3D televisions, watching a movie is now an awesome experience. - D) I suppose blending of various colours makes it more appealing to the audience. - E) I don't care about the colours. What I pay attention to is the cast of the movie. 46. Didem: Have you persuaded Sezen to join us to the play on Sunday afternoon? Ezgi: Didem: Then what is she planning to do? Ezgi: She'll probably ride a bicycle in the park. - A) She has her doubts. She'll let us know tomorrow. - B) Oh yes! She is looking forward to it. - C) I haven't seen her recently but I hope she will come. - D) She is not feeling very well because she has got the flu. - E) No, I haven't. But she said the weather was too lovely to stay indoors. 47. Metin: I don't understand how the new employee gets a promotion and I still don't. Buğra: You are mistaken. He might be new but he has already exceeded you in terms of work performance. Metin: OK. What am I supposed to do to be rewarded then? Buğra: - A) As long as you keep the good work, I guarentee you that there will be a pay rise. - B) Don't make a big deal out of it! He's just received a small rise. - C) In today's competitive world, employees have to work harder than before. - D) Even though you may lack some necessary skills, I think you are doing fine. - E) Well, do your best and work as hard as he does, you may get one, too. 48. Burak: I've just read a self-help book on positive thinking. Sema: That's a kind of book I've always meant to read. What does it say? Burak: Sema: I guess I can start using those to change my mindset. - A) Like other self-help books, it focuses on the physical benefits of positive thinking. - B) You should start your day with a positive affirmation. - C) It basically gives practical tips to achieve a positive perspective. - D) I think that we should transfer negative-self talk into positive-self talk. - E) When you surround yourself with positive people, you'll hear positive stories. 49. Porsche has finally and officially opened three new buildings - including a new design studio with concept car construction facility. - A) Porsche has at last opened the third building, which includes an innovative design studio with concept car construction facility. - B) Porsche's dream of opening three new buildings has been actualized eventually, with some design studios to construct concept cars. - C) It is finally obvious that three more buildings are definitely necessary for Porsche to have a design studio with concept car construction facility. - D) Porsche already has three buildings, but three more are necessary so as to expand the design studio with concept car construction facility. - E) Porsche has in the end opened three new buildings in a formal and public way and a new design studio, which has concept car construction facility, is included as well. 50. The etymology of the word "bird" remains uncertain and open to debate, but there is no doubt that it has a very long history. - A) The root of the word "bird" may be in question and it is open to discussion; however, it is certain that it has a very lengthy past. - B) The origin of the word "bird" is still not clear, and it is a controversial topic; however, it is obvious that it has been transformed a lot over the centuries. - C) Where the word "bird" came from is unclear but it is needless to say that it must have a complicated history. - D) "Bird" is a word with an uncertain history, which is open to discussion today; however, we are almost sure about the antiquity of the word. - E) The etymology of the word "bird" has always been open to question, even in today's world, and it is clear that it has a long past. ## Part 11 ### Instructions - Read the provided conversation and choose the most suitable option to complete it. ### Conversation 51. Researchers have developed a blood test that could diagnose early onset of Alzheimer's disease and are hoping to expand the test to diagnose other degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's. - A) In order to diagnose the beginning of Alzheimer's disease, a blood test has been developed by researchers and they are also expecting it to diagnose similar degenerative ailments like Parkinson's. - B) A blood test, which might diagnose the beginning of Alzheimer's disease, has been developed by researchers and they are also expecting it to diagnose some other diseases that show progressive deterioration like Parkinson's. - C) A blood test, diagnosing the onset of Alzheimer's disease, has been developed by researchers and it is expected by the scientific community to diagnose Parkinson's as well. - D) The blood test that can diagnose the beginning of Alzheimer's disease has been developed and researchers expect it to diagnose some other diseases, including Parkinson's. - E) Those who have made the research did their best to develop a blood test to diagnose early onset of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, and they will also try to broaden the aims of the research. 52. No one knows exactly how people learn a language although a great deal of research has been carried out on the subject. - A) Thanks to a number of studies which have been done, we are more well-informed about how people acquire a language. - B) Even though countless studies have been implemented, there are still things to be uncovered about how people learn a language. - C) Unless a variety of researches are applied in how people learn a language, we will remain clueless about the process. - D) In spite of the fact that we know little about how people acquire a language, there have been a lot of studies in this area. - E) Despite the fact that there are still not enough studies on how people learn a language, we know a lot on the subject already. 53. Before the arrival of the new settlers, the native Americans had been living in the north and south continents. - A) Inhabitants of the American continents had to wait for the arrival of new settlers to live in the north and south continents. - B) The people who live in Americas were able to live after the new settlers arrived in the north and south continents.. - C) The folks living in the north and south Americas had already been in the continents by the time new settlers came there. - D) It was the arrival of new settlers that encouraged the local people to stay in the north and south continents permenantly. - E) Had the new settlers not arrived in the north and south Americas, the local people there could not have lived inhabited. 54. Your friend tells you that he is going to buy a smart phone to his eleven-year-old daughter because he thinks that it is the best way to check where and with whom she is. You are surprised with that idea and you think the opposite and you say: - A) What a nice idea! I will think it over for my son as well. - B) 1 think you are right since you are worried about her all the time. - C) There is bullying especially at schools. If you buy a phone, you can track her. - D) I have never thought it in this way. There is no need to wait, go and buy one for her. - E) I can accept your worries but for me it may affect her negatively at this age. 55. You have a friend who was fired owing to the financial crisis a month ago and he has been searching for a job since then. Even though he has been accepted several new posts by some firms since he is really an expert on many things, he has complained about the wage and working conditions and hasn't accepted any of them. Because of the increasing unemployment, you want to warn him to decide on it as soon as possible. You say: - A) It would be surprising that they would offer high salary under these economic conditions. I would recommend you to choose one of them. - B) Companies sometimes exaggerate the scenario in the economy to persuade people for low salaries. - C) You are very qualified so insist on the money you deserve. Take it easy. - D) I really don't understand why you are trying to find a job. You can establish your own company by getting loan. - E) An educated person like you deserves more money. Do not accept it immediately. 56. While doing a very important research, your brother all of a sudden gets a black screen on his computer. He has done everything to solve the problem by himself but all in vain. He becomes so worried about losing the data. So he calls and informs you about how important it is for him to recover the files. As a computer expert, you know that data will not be lost but the black screen problem won't be fixed. So you tell him the facts in a soothing way: - A) No way! When a computer shows a black screen, there is only one thing you can do: buy a new one. - B) Frankly speaking, there is no such thing as recovering lost data. I recommend you to go and buy a new computer. - C) If you really want my help to revive your computer, it will of course cost you hundred bucks. - D) I told you many times to get rid of this old laptop. This was a long expected result and now you want my help! Go and ask to somebody else. - E) Don't worry about it. I know an excellent software to retrieve lost files. However, your computer will unfortunately keep showing black screen. 57. Since your mother passed away, your father who is in his late 60s has been living alone and unfortunately having problems lately. In spite of all your efforts of persuasion, he turns down your offer to live with you due to not wanting to bother you and your wife who has just recovered from a serious operation. Feeling worried, you offer him some alternatives and say: - A) Dad, I'm really having trouble getting to know you. What do you want us to do to convince you to live with us? - B) I understand you do not want to leave your memories right now, but why don't you think of moving into an old folks' home where you won't be alone. - C) I can see that you can cope with such a lonely life, but here is a warm house waiting for you. Please! - D) Dad, I know your pension is not enough for you and you are having economic problems. If you ask me, you should find a roommate and share the expenses. - E) Dad, I admire you for being so thoughtful and confident. Your rejecting my offer by considering my wife's situation is the indication of this. 58. A close friend of yours is depressed because of family matters. He says he does not believe that a psychologist or psychiatrist assistance will work and he claims that he can overcome this problem by himself. You try to persuade him to get professional help. You politely say: - A) It is not easy for anyone to cope with such problems on their own, so I advise you to get an expert's help. - B) I do not understand why you do not go on a holiday until you feel better. Otherwise, you may get more depressed, causing some more serious problems. - C) If you think you can solve your own problems, you do not need a professional help. Try it yourself! - D) Leave the house and start a new life, so you can escape the problems and enjoy the life. - E) In fact, I knew that this could have happened one day, so I am not really surprised. ## Part 12 ### Instructions - Read the given passage and choose the most suitable option to complete it. ### Passage The Swedish social security system with its tax-funded health care has been renowned for decades as providing 'cradle to grave' cover and so it may come as a surprise that private disability insurances for juveniles were initially designed in Sweden as far back as the 1960s. The concept was later exported to neighbouring Nordic countries with similar levels of social welfare benefits. This was the era when numerous social reforms were implemented and children's rights were scrutinised and safeguarded in various ways. In 1955, the Swedish government launched a state benefit for children with severe disability, but it was barely above subsistence level. To meet the need for additional cover above that provided by the state, the industry came up with insurance covers including lump-sum benefits paid out at a certain level of disability. ### Questions 59. A language has patterns and regularities which are used to convey meaning, some of which make up its grammar. One important aspect of grammar in most languages is the order of words: any speaker of English knows that 'Mr Bean loves Teddy' does not have the same meaning as 'Teddy loves Mr Bean'. _ 'This bush flowered in May' means something different from 'These bushes flower in May' because of the differences between 'This/these', 'bush/bushes' and 'flowered/flower'. - A) Traditionally, grammar has been divided into syntax and morphology. - B) Very generally, grammar is concerned with the relations between words in sentences. -