UCC in Uttarakhand, 3 New Indian Criminal Laws & International Booker Prize 2024 PDF

**[UCC IN UTTARAKHAND]** ==================================== - UCC in uttarakhand legislative assembly passed ucc -- 7^th^ february - Consolidating law of marriage and property inheritance - UCC- article 44 in DPSP - Constitution framers- government's discretion on implementing - GOA...

**[UCC IN UTTARAKHAND]** ==================================== - UCC in uttarakhand legislative assembly passed ucc -- 7^th^ february - Consolidating law of marriage and property inheritance - UCC- article 44 in DPSP - Constitution framers- government's discretion on implementing - GOA- only state in india with a UCC - Followed- portuguese civil code 1867 - Mohd. Ahmed khan vs shah bano begum case, 1985- matter of regret that the ar. 44 has remained a dead letter- called for implementation - LAW COMMISSION- ucc is neither desirable at this stage - Entry 5 of concurrent list of 7^th^ schedule- committee to introduce and implement ucc cannot be challenged - Governor can reserve the bill for president's consideration UTTARAKHAND UCC:- - Aims too- replace distinct personal laws of every religion - Also- prohibition of polygamy, nikah halala, iddat, triple talaq and child marriage, mandatory live in relationships registration - Scheduled tribes (STs) -- exempted from the perview of the bill CONCERNS- - Minimum age for marriage- 18 yrs (women), 21 yrs (men) - Disproportionate power to the state to penalize consensual relationship FINE- - 10k fine if marriage not registered - Minimum marriage age- up to 6 months jail and 25000 fine if breach - Mandatory registration within 60 days or 10000 fine - Dissolution of marriage if not by UCC norms- up to 3 years jail - Polygamy, bigamy prohibited - 3 yrs jail and 50000 fine - Cannot rent or buy property without registration - Child from illegitimate -- legitimate status - Registrar can refuse registration of marriage - If Women in live in relationship gets deserted by partner- entitled to get maintenance **[3 NEW LAWS]** ============================ - Recently government of india enacted three new criminal laws-- 1. BHARTIYA NYAYA SANHITA (BNS) 2. BHARTIYA NAGARIK SURAKSHYA SANHITA (BNSS) 3. BHARTIYA SAKSHYA ADHINIYAM (BSA) - They came into force on- 1^st^ july 2024 - They replaced -- 1. Indian Penal Code (IPC) 2\. criminal procedure code (CrPC) 3\. indian evidence act (IEA) - Objective- replace colonial laws and integrating technological advncements - New offences- TERRORISM , MOB LYNCHING, ORGANIZED CRIME, and enhanced punishments for crimes against women and children - BNS- soon to incorporate a section on sexual crimes - First Information Report (FIRs)- could be filed online through Crime and Criminal Tracking Network Systems (CCTNS) - Allowing e-FIRs and zero-fir - Training and hand holding have been done by all states to adapt new laws - Delhi police- e-pramaan - TERRORISM- life imprisonment and death penalty - MOB LYNCHING- Life imprisonment or death penalty - CRUELTY- 3 yrs of imprisonment - Trial in absentia of fugitive criminals - Summary trials over cases- punishment upto 3 yrs - Videography compulsory- during search ans seizure by police - First time offender be released- after completing 1/3^rd^ of his jail period   **[INTERNATIONAL BOOKER PRIZE AWARD 2024 ]** - ***International Booker Prize was awarded to "KAIROS" written* *by JENNY ERPEBECK and tanslated by MICHAEL HOFFMAN.*** **[INTERNATIONAL BOOKER PRIZE]**:- - ***Awarded annually for a single fiction book translated into English published in UK and Ireland***. - ***Award- 50,000 pound- shared equally between the author and translator*** - ***Translator awarded 2500 pound*** - ***Began -- 2005 as "MAN BOOKER INTERNATIONAL PRIZE"*** - ***After 2015 expanded to writers of all nationality*** - ***2019- Renamed*** - ***1st indian citizen to be awarded- Geetanjali Shree for hindi novel TOMB OF SAND 2022*** - ***First awarded- 1969 to P.H. Newby for his novel "SOMETHING TO ANSWER FOR".*** - ***FOUNDERS- Tom Maschler and Graham C Greene***. - ***Winner of booker prize 2023- "PROPHET SONG" by Paul Lynch*** - ***1st indian origin winner -- VS NAIPAUL*** ***1ST indian citizen winner- ARUNDHATI ROY***