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Chap lol ter 7: IP Addressing CCNA Routing and Switching Introduction to Networks v6.0 Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1 Chapter 7 - Sections & Objectives  7.1 IPv4 Network Addresses • Convert between binary and decimal numbering systems. •...

Chap lol ter 7: IP Addressing CCNA Routing and Switching Introduction to Networks v6.0 Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1 Chapter 7 - Sections & Objectives  7.1 IPv4 Network Addresses • Convert between binary and decimal numbering systems. • Describe the structure of an IPv4 address including the network portion, the host portion, and the subnet mask. • Compare the characteristics and uses of the unicast, broadcast, and multicast IPv4 addresses. • Explain public, private, and reserved IPv4 addresses.  7.2 IPv6 Network Addresses • • • • • Explain the need for IPv6 addressing. Describe the representation of an IPv6 address. Describe types of IPv6 network addresses. Configure global unicast addresses. Describe multicast addresses.  7.3 Connectivity Verification • Explain how ICMP is used to test network connectivity. • Use ping and traceroute utilities to test network connectivity. Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2 7.1 IPv4 Network Addresses Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 3 IPv4 Network Addresses IPv4 Address Structure  Network and Host Portions  The Subnet Mask  Logical AND • What is the network address for graphics?  Prefix Length • What is the prefix length for the graphics?  Network, Host, and Broadcast Addresses • Network Address? • Range of Valid Hosts? • Broadcast Address? • What is the network address for graphics?  Prefix Length • What is the prefix length for the graphics?  Network, Host, and Broadcast Addresses • Network Address? • Range of Valid Hosts? • Broadcast Address? Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 4 IPv4 Network Addresses Binary and Decimal Conversion  IPv4 Addresses • consists of a string of 32 bits, divided into four sections called octets. • Each octet contains 8 bits (or 1 byte) separated with a dot.  Conversion between Binary to Decimal • Use the chart to help with conversion Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 5 IPv4 Network Addresses IPv4 Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast  IPv4 Addressing Assignment to a Host • Static – Type in manually • Dynamic - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)  IPv4 Communication • Unicast - send packets from one host to an individual host • Broadcast - send packets from one host to all the hosts in the network • Multicast - send a packet from one host to a selected group of hosts in the same or different network • Which types of communication are the graphics on the right? Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 6 IPv4 Network Addresses Types of IPv4 Addresses  Public and Private IPv4 Addresses • Private addresses are not routed over the Internet • Private Addresses: o 10.0.0.0/8 or 10.0.0.0 to10.255.255.255 o 172.16.0.0 /12 or 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 o 192.168.0.0 /16 or 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255  Special User IPv4 Addresses • Loopback addresses o 127.0.0.0 /8 or 127.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.254 • Link-Local addresses or Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) addresses o 169.254.0.0 /16 or 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254 • TEST-NET addresses o 192.0.2.0/24 or 192.0.2.0 to 192.0.2.255  Classless Addressing • CIDR • Allocated IPv4 addresses based on prefix length  Assignment of IP Addresses Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 7 7.2 IPv6 Network Addresses Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 8 IPv6 Network Addresses IPv4 Issues  The Need for IPv6 • Depletion of IPv4 address space • Internet of Everything  IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence • Dual Stack – IPv4 and IPv6 on the same network • Tunneling – IPv6 packets inside IPv4 packets • Translation - IPv6 packet is translated to an IPv4 packet, and vice versa. Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 9 IPv6 Network Addresses IPv6 Addressing  IPv6 Address Representation • x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x, where x represents 4 hexadecimal values  Apply the rules to simply these IPv6 Addresses • Rule 1: Omit Leading 0s • Rule 2: Omit All 0 Segments o o o o o o o o Presentation_ID 2001:0DB8:0000:1133:0000:0000:0000:0200 2001:0DB8:CAFE:0000:1111:0000:0000:0200 2001:0DB8:000A:0000:0000:0000:0000:1000 2001:0DB8:ACAD:1234:0000:0000:0000:0000 2001:0DB8:0000:1111:0020:0000:ACAD:0000 FF02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 FE80:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0003 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 10 IPv6 Network Addresses Types of IPv6 Addresses  IPv6 Address Types • Unicast • Multicast • Anycast  IPv6 Prefix Length • • • • Indicates the network portion Format: IPv6 address /prefix length Prefix length range from 0 to 128 Typical length is /64  Common Types of IPv6 Addresses • Unicast Addresses o Unique, Internet routable addresses o Configured statically or assigned dynamically • Link-Local Unicast Addresses o Communicate with other IPv6 enabled devices on the same link o Device creates its own link local address without DHCP server • Unique Local Addresses o Unique local unicast o Used for local addresses within a site or between a limited number of sites Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 11 IPv6 Network Addresses IPv6 Unicast Addresses  Structure of an IPv6 Global Unicast Address • Global Routing Prefix • Subnet ID • Interface ID  Static Configuration of a Global Unicast Address • ipv6 address ipv6-address/prefix-length  Dynamic Configuration • SLAAC • DHCPv6  Link-Local Addresses • Dynamic or Static  Verifying IPv6 Address Configuration • show ipv6 interface brief Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 12 IPv6 Network Addresses IPv6 Multicast Addresses  Assigned IPv6 Multicast Addresses • IPv6 multicast addresses have the prefix FF00::/8 o FF02::1 All-nodes multicast group o FF02::2 All-routers multicast group  Solicited-Node IPv6 Multicast Addresses Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 13 7.3 Connectivity Verification Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 14 Connectivity Verification ICMP  ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 • • • • Host Confirmation Destination or Service Unreachable Time Exceeded Router Redirection  ICMPv6 Router Solicitation and Router Advertisement Messages • Messaging between an IPv6 router and an IPv6 device: o Router Solicitation (RS) message o Router Advertisement (RA) message • Messaging between IPv6 devices: o Neighbor Solicitation (NS) message o Neighbor Advertisement (NA) message • Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 15 Connectivity Verification Testing and Verification  Ping • Testing the Local Stack o 127.0.0.1 (IPv4) or ::1 (IPv6) • Testing Connectivity to the Local LAN • Testing Connectivity to Remote  Traceroute • Testing the Path o Round Trip Time (RTT) o IPv4 TTL and IPv6 Hop Limit Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 16