2nd Term Computer PDF - Princeton College

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (GRADE 10) SCHEME OF WORK & LESSON NOTES FOR SECOND TERM 2024/2025 SESSION JANUARY 2, 2024 PRINCETON COLLEGE 9/33, OLATUNDE ONIMOLE STREET, SURULERE, LAGOS SCHEME OF WORK WEEK TOPIC 1 Revis...

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (GRADE 10) SCHEME OF WORK & LESSON NOTES FOR SECOND TERM 2024/2025 SESSION JANUARY 2, 2024 PRINCETON COLLEGE 9/33, OLATUNDE ONIMOLE STREET, SURULERE, LAGOS SCHEME OF WORK WEEK TOPIC 1 Revision of last terms work 2  Operating System o Defination o Types of user interfaces 3  Operating System 2 o Functions of the operating system o Examples of operating system o Types of operating system 4 IGCSE Practical ( Document Production) 5 IGCSE Practical ( Document Production) 6 Programming Language I  Concept of Programming Language  Level of Programming Language 7 Programming Language II  Features of each level  Comparison of the levels of Programming Languages 8 BASIC Programming Language  Meaning of BASIC  BASIC Arithmetic Operators 9 BASIC Programming Language  BASIC Statement   BASIC Programs 10 IGCSE Practical ( Document Production) 11 Revision 12 Examination WEEK ONE Revision of last term’s work WEEK TWO TOPIC: OPERATING SYSTEM 1 CONTENT: 1. Definition of Operating System 2. Types of user interfaces METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING: EXPLANATION METHOD REFERENCES: Cambridge IGCSE ICT Third Edition Pages 10 to 14 STUDENTS ACTIVITIES Case Studies: In-depth analysis of a of how the operating system allows the computer to boot up and taking Windows 10 as a case study. And also comparing window 10 and windows 11 in terms of performance SUBTOPIC 1: Operating System DEFINITION The operating system is a group of programs that manage the computer system resources, including the data in main memory and in auxiliary storage. Computers require an operating system (OS) to work. It is the most important piece of software in a computer system. Toenable computer systems to function and allow users to communicate with the computer system, special software known as Operating system (OS) is required The general task for a typical operating system include: Control of operation of the input, output and backing storage devices Supervising the loading, running, and storage of application programs Dealing with runtime errors Maintaining security of the whole computer system Allowing communication between the user and the computer system User Interaces Operating system offer various types of user interface. We will consider four different types Command line interface (CLI) Graphical user interface (GUI) Dialogue based user interface Gesture based user interface  Week end assignment Write short notes on four types of User interface. Sub Topic 2 Interfaces Advantages Disadvantages Command Line  The user is in direct  The user needs to learn a Interface (CLI) communication with the number of commands to carry computer. out basic operation.  The user is not restricted to a  All commands needs to be number of pre-determined typed , which takes time and options. can be error prone.  It is possible to alter computer  Each command must be typed configuration settings. in using correct format spelling and so on. Graphical user  The user does not need to  Consumes more memory interface (GUI) learn any command.  User is limited to the icon  It is more user friendly. provided on the screen  A pointing device such as  Needs more complex operating mouse can be used in the system environment. Interfaces Advantages Disadvantages Dialogue based No need for the driver Still unreliable with interface to take their hands off many commands not the steering wheels being recognized (to be Useful for people with repeated several times disability, because before action is taken) many task can be Complex to set up carried out with spoken User need to know word commands to be used at Possible to use as a point in time security features , because voice recognition can be used to identify a person Gesture based interface Replaces mechanical Can be triggered input device unintentionally No physical contact Limited radius requires maximum of 1.5 meters Natural interface No training needed Evaluation Exam style Question No 2 Page 24 of Cambridge IGCSE ICT text book. WEEK THREE TOPIC: OPERATING SYSTEM 2 CONTENT: 1. Functions of the operating System 2. Examples of Operating System 3. Types of Operating System METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING: EXPLANATION METHOD REFERENCES: Cambridge IGCSE ICT Third Edition Pages 10 to 14 STUDENTS ACTIVITIES Case Studies: In-depth analysis of a of how the operating system allows the computer to boot up and taking Windows 10 as a case study. And also comparing window 10 and windows 11 in terms of performance Sub Topic 1 Other functions of Operating system. An Operating System provides services that are needed by applications and software, such as reading data from a hard disk. Parts of an OS may be permanently stored in a computer's ROM. The operating system has three major functions: (i) It coordinates and manipulates computer hardware, such as computer memory, printers, disks, keyboard, mouse, and monitor. (ii) it organizes files on a variety of storage media, such as floppy disk, hard drive, compact disc, digital video disc, and tape. (iii) It manages hardware errors and the loss of data. Sup Topic 2 General examples of Operating Systems i. Microsoft Windows: 95, 98, 2000, ME, XP, NT, Vista, 7, 8, 10, Windows NT, Windows server 2003 ii. Unix: Linux, Ubuntu, iii. MS-DOS, iv. Symbian, v. XENIX, vi. Novel Netware, etc Types of Operating System (i) Graphical User Interface (ii) Command based OS (iii) Single-user OS (iv) Multi-user OS (v) Network OS Evaluation (i) Define the term ‘Operating system’ (ii) Highlight the types of Operating system Assignmnent 1. Which of the following is an examples of utility software? (a) back up (b) file sizing (c) virus attack (d) all of the above 2. The operating system for the computer does the following EXCEPT (a) manages the disks and files (b) manages the computer resources (c) manages the computer’s memory (d) recover deleted files 3. A back up program................................... (a) makes a copy of files selected (b) undoes the last change made (c) returns to previous program (d) handles CPU operation 4. The category of software that prevents destruction of computer files and data by malicious software is called.......... (a) Operating system (b) Utility software (c) Translators (d) DBMS WEEK FOUR TOPIC: PRACTICAL CONTENT: 1. Document Production METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING: DEMONSTRATION METHOD The Teacher demonstrate the techniques to produce and format document, while the students follow. Material: 2021 IGCE OCT/NOV past question Task 1 WEEK FIVE TOPIC: PRACTICAL CONTENT: 2. Document Production METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING: DEMONSTRATION METHOD The Teacher demonstrate the techniques to produce and format document, while the students follow. Material: 2022 IGCE OCT/NOV past question Task 1 WEEK SIX TOPIC: PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE 1 CONTENT: 1. Concept of Programming Language 2. Levels of programming Language METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING: EXPLANATION METHOD REFERENCES: A Handbook on Computer Studies / ICT for Senior Secondary Schools, SS 1 by Niyi Adekolegan et al Pages 57 to 72 STUDENT ACTIVITIES Class Discussions: Students are ask to differentiate between a program and software. and to explain the reasons for programming Sub-Topic 1: DEFINITION OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE A program is a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do. Sometimes the instruction it has to perform depends on what happened when it performed a previous instruction. A Programming Language is an artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly to a computer. Programming languages can be used to create Software that control the behaviour of a machine and/or to express algorithm precisely. LEVELS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE There are three major levels of programming language: 1. Machine Language (ML), 2. Low Level Language (LLL) & 3. High Level Language (HLL). Sub Topic 2 Machine Language (ML) The first generation of programming language, is machine code. It is the only language a microprocessor can process directly without translation. Machine code or machine language is a set of instructions executed directly by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) it is tedious and error prone to manage individual bits and calculate numerical addresses and constants manually. It is therefore rarely done today, except for situations that require rather extreme optimization or debugging. Low Level Language (LLL) Low-level languages have the advantage that they can be written to take advantage of any peculiarities in the architecture of the central processing unit (CPU) which is the "brain" of any computer. Thus, a program written in a low-level language can be extremely efficient, making optimum use of both computer memory and processing time. However, to write a low-level program takes a substantial amount of time, as well as a clear understanding of the inner workings of the processor itself. Low level languages are divided into two categories: Machine and Assembly languages. Assembly language is nothing more than a symbolic representation of machine code, which also allows symbolic designation of memory locations. Thus, an instruction to add the contents of a memory location to an internal CPU register called the accumulator might be add a number instead of a string of binary digits (bits). No matter how close assembly language is to machine code, the computer still cannot understand it. The assembly-language program must be translated into machine code by a separate program called an assembler. The assembler program recognizes the character strings that make up the symbolic names of the various machine operations, and substitutes the required machine code for each instruction. At the same time, it also calculates the required address in memory for each symbolic name of a memory location, and substitutes those addresses for the names. The original assembly-language program is also known as the source code, while the final machine-language program is designated the object code. If an assembly-language program needs to be changed or corrected, it is necessary to make the changes to the source code and then re-assemble it to create a new object program. WEEK SEVEN TOPIC: PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE 2 CONTENT: 1. High Level Language 2. Types of High Level Language 3. Comparison and features of different levels METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING: EXPLANATION METHOD REFERENCES: A Handbook on Computer Studies / ICT for Senior Secondary Schools, SS 1 by Niyi Adekolegan et al Pages 57 to 72 STUDENT ACTIVITIES Class Discussions: Students are exposed to machine language and high level language, they are asked to benchmark high level language against machine language Sub Topic 1 HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE (HLL) A high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer. In comparison to low-level programming languages, it may use natural language elements, be easier to use, or may automate (or even hide entirely) significant areas of computing systems (e.g. memory management), making the process of developing a program simpler and more understandable relative to a lower-level language. The amount of abstraction provided defines how "high-level" a programming language is. Examples of high- level programming languages include FOCUS, Lisp, Perl, Python, and SAS. Types of high level language There are five types of high level language. They are: 1. Scientific language 2. Multi-purpose language 3. Commercial language 4. Command language for operating system 5. Special purpose programming language. 1. Scientific Language This is the language that is used for scientific and engineering purposes. Examples include FORTRAN – Formula Translator, BASIC – Beginner All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Codes. It combines the features of the extensive arithmetic computational ability and the ability to handle mathematical expression. 2. Multi-Purpose This type of high level programming language can cope with a number of different types of application areas. Examples of multi-purpose language are Visual BASIC, PL/I, C++, Java etc. 3. Commercial Language This type of program was first developed by the American Government Defensive Department to create a common administrative language for internal and external use. The prominent language is COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language). 4. Command for Operating System This programming language is used to control the operating system. An example is DOS Commands (Disk Operating System commands.) 5. Special Purpose Language This programming language is designed for a specific assignment. It is tailored towards a particular problem. E.g. Structured Query Language. Examples Of Programming Languages BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN, PASCAL, C++, JAVA, ORACLE, JAVA etc. EVALUATION Define programming language. Mention two major classes of programming language. READING ASSIGNMENT Read the features of each level of programming language and highlight two features each. OBJECTIVE TEST: 1. Which of the following represents machine language? (a) 11102 (b) 112345 (c) 111011 (d) 11108 2. Categories of programming language include all these except (a) Middle-level (b) low level language (c) high level language (d) machine language 3. The programming language that is good for web pages associated internet is____ (a) COBOL (b) PRO (c) BASIC (d) XML 4. All these are network software except____ (a) JAVA (b) SQL (c) XML (d) HTML 5. Low level programming language can be categorized into two main parts (a) Assembly and compiler languages (b) Assembly and Machine languages (c) Machine and High level languages (d) Interpreter and High level language. ESSAY QUESTIONS: Differentiate between the HLL, LLL, and ML. List four types of programming language known to you. Sub Topic 2 COMPARISON OF LEVELS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES S/N MACHINE LANG. LOW LEVEL LANG. HIGH LEVEL LANG. 1. Machine dependent Machine dependent Machine independent 2. It is written in 0’s & 1’s Mnemonic code is used. It consist series of instruction code. 3. Difficult to write and Less difficult to write and Easy to write, read and modify. modify. modify. 4. Consumes much Consumes less memory Does not consume memory space. space compared with memory space. machine language. EVALUATION State two features of Low level language. List two advantages of high level language. READING ASSIGNMENT Read BASIC PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE and summarize it in one page. WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT OBJECTIVES _1. ______ is not machine dependent. (a) Machine language (b) Low level language (c) Assembly language (d) High level language. _2. _______ Language uses Mnemonics. (a) Machine language (b) Low level language (c) Assembly language (d) High level language. 3 ________ Language is easy to write read and modify. (a) Machine language (b) Low level language (c) Assembly language (d) High level language. 4 The language that consumes much memory space is ________ (a) Machine language (b) Low level language (c) Assembly language (d) High level language. 5 Which of the programming languages below is problem oriented? (a) Machine language (b) Low level language (c) Assembly language (d) High level language. Essay 1. State two disadvantages of high level language. 2. Give three disadvantages of machine language. WEEK EIGHT TOPIC: BASIC Programming Language 1 CONTENT: 1. Meaning of BASIC 2. BASIC Arithmetic Operator METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING: PRACTICAL APROACH REFERENCES: A Handbook on Computer Studies / ICT for Senior Secondary Schools, SS 1 by Niyi Adekolegan et al Pages 57 to 72 STUDENT ACTIVITIES Class Discussions: Students are the student are exposed to how to break program down using algorithm, they are allowed to do it on their own. Sub Topic 1 MEANING OF BASIC BASIC stands for Beginner All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. It is not only simple but also a very powerful high level programming language. It consists of statements written in English words and mathematical notation. It is written in a human understandable form. Its syntax is close to the natural way of solving some human problems. The two professors, John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz developed the language in 1964 at Dartmouth College, USA, as means of teaching students a simple language for programming a computer. There are so many versions of BASIC, i. QBASIC ii. T.BASIC iii. V.BASIC iv. GWBASIC v. Apple Soft BASIC vi. BASICA – (BASIC ADVANCE) Rules for BASIC Programming 1. All expressions must be written in capital letters. 2. First character must be alphabet 3. BASIC statement or keyword must start with a line number. 4. Each line must contain only one BASIC program statement. 5. There must not be full stop at the end of a statement. 6. The start/begin statement must be the first entry in a program. 7. End/Stop statement must be the last entry in a program. REM Statement (Remark) REM statements stand for remark. The statement allows you to add comment and explanatory notes to your program. This may as well include date and what the program is all about. Computer does not execute REM; it is just a remark that aids the programmer to remember certain thing about the program. Examples: REM PROGRAMM TO SAY HELLO REM TO CALCULATE AREA OF A TRIANGLE LINE numbers In BASIC we need a line number for each basic statement. Numbers are positive whole numbers from 1 to 99,999. A line number is always in integer form and this are done to give room for correction when necessary. It is presented in the format below: 10 …………………….. 20 …………………….. 30 …………………….. 40 …………………….. etc. EVALUATION 1. _____ this always indicates the end of a BASIC program. (a) Start statement (b) Constant (c) End statement (d) Line statement 2. _____ statement is used to enter data into a program before running the program or before program execution occurs. (a) Data statement (b) Line statement (c) End statement (d) Let statement 3. ____allows you to type in data from the keyboard while the program is running. (a) Let statement (b) Data statement (c) Input statement (d) Output statement 4. ____allows you to add comment and explanatory notes to your program. (a) Input statement (b) Data statement (c) Rem Statement (d) Output statement 5. ____ consists of statements written in English words and mathematical notation. (a) BASIC (b) FORTRAN (c) Programming (d) Constants ESSAY QUESTIONS: 1. State the full meaning of BASIC SUB-TOPIC 2 BASIC Arithmetic Operators They are expressed in terms of a hierarchy of operators in which operations of high priority are performed first. Examples: Operator Symbol Operation ^ Exponential * Multiplication / Division + Addition - Substraction BASIC Arithmetic Expressions These arithmetic Expressions are not formed according to the same rules of Algebra and Mathematics. The following symbols are used to denote arithmetic operations. Operators Meaning BASIC EXPRESSION Math Equivalent + Addition A= A + B A=A+B - Subtraction Sum = Sum – 10 Sum = Sum – 10 * Multiplication J=J*4 J = 4J / Division PI = 22/7 PI= 22/7 ^ Exponentiation J = J + 2^2 J = J + 2² Basic Relational Operators Operator Relation Tested Expression = Equality X=Y Inequality X Y < Less than X Greater than X>Y = Y Evaluation 1. What do you understand by BASIC Arithmetic Operators? 2. List examples of BASIC Arithmetic operators WEEK NINE TOPIC: BASIC Programming Language 2 CONTENT: 1. BASIC Statements 2. BASIC Programs METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING: PRACTICAL APPROACH REFERENCES: A Handbook on Computer Studies / ICT for Senior Secondary Schools, SS 1 by Niyi Adekolegan et al Pages 57 to 72 STUDENT ACTIVITIES Class Discussions: Students are exposed to diagrammatic representation of algorithm which is also known as flow chart and they are allowed to practice it. Sub-Topic 1 BASIC Statements LET Statement The LET statement permits the programmer to assign numbers and formulas to a variable name. Example: 10 LET AREA = ½ (b*h) 20 LET JS=How do you do” 30 LET ANN=50 DATA Statement The statement (Read and Data) goes hand in hand. Data statement is used to enter data into a program before running the program or before program execution occurs. The data to be entered into the program is read from DATA statement. E.g. 10 READ A, B, C, D 20 DATA 3, 5, 10, 15 INPUT Statement This allows you to type in data from the keyboard while the program is running. This program will be able to produce the required result with given data. The input statements have the general format. 10 INPUT A 20 INPUT B 30 INPUT C Example: 10 INPUT “YOUR NAME” =$ 10 INPUT “YOURSURNAME”, =$ PROGRAM TERMINATOR (END, STOP) END Statement: this always indicates the end of a BASIC program. When the computer comes across the end statement in a program, the computer automatically ends. End should always be the last statement in the program to indicate the physical end of the program. STOP indicates when the logical executions of a program should cease. Example: 40 STOP 40 END OUTPUT or PRINT Statement The result of the processed data is displayed by output statement. The PRINT statement: brings out the processed data. The print statement has the general format. Example: 20 PRINT D, E, C OR 20 PRINT A, $, C IF …THEN … ELSE: Used to perform comparisons or make decision. FOR …TO... NEXT: Repeat a section of code a given number of times. A variable that acts as a counter is available within the loop. DO…LOOP {WHILE} OR {UNTIL}: Repeat a section of code Forever or while/Until the specified condition is true. GOTO: Jumps to a numbered or labeled line in the program. Sub Topic 2 Simple BASIC Program Example 1: Write a BASIC program to find the average of three numbers. Solution: 5 REM FIND AVERAGE 10 READ A 15 READ B 20 READ C 25 SUM=A+B+C 30 AVE=SUM/3 35 PRINT AVE 40 DATA 5, 10, 15 45 END Example 2: Write a BASIC program to calculate the volume of a box. Solution: 10 REM FIND THE VOLUME OF A BOX 20 READ L,B,H 30 READ V=L*B*H 40 DATA 3,5,10 50 PRINT VOLUME 60 END Example 3 Write a basic program to calculate and print the sum of two numbers. 10 REM PROGRAM TO CALCULATE AND PRINT THE SUM OF TWO NUMBERS 20 REM FIRST NUMBER = F1 30 REM SECOND NUMBER = F2 40 REM ADDITION OF ALL NUMBERS=SUM 50 CLS 60 INPUT “ENTER FIRST NUMBER” F1 70 INPUT “ENTER SECOND NUMBER” F2 80 SUM = F1+F2 90 PRINT “ANSWER =”,SUM 100 END EVALUATION 1. List out the rules for forming arithmetic expression. 1. Differentiate between BASIC Arithmetic Operators and BASIC Arithmetic Expression. 2. Write a BASIC program to find the area of a rectangle. WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT 1. This always indicates the end of a BASIC program. (a) Start statement (b) Constant (c) End statement (d) Line statement 2. _____ statement is used to enter data into a program before running the program or before program execution occurs. (a) Data statement (b) Line statement (c) End statement (d) Let statement 3. ____allows you to type in data from the keyboard while the program is running. (a) Let statement (b) Data statement (c) Input statement (d) Output statement 4. ____allows you to add comment and explanatory notes to your program. (a) Input statement (b) Data statement (c) Rem Statement (d) Output statement 5. ____ consists of statements written in English words and mathematical notation. (a) BASIC (b) FORTRAN (c) Programming (d) Constants ESSAY QUESTIONS 1. List three basic character set 2. Write three Arithmetic Expressions in BASIC WEEK TEN TOPIC: PRACTICAL CONTENT: Document Production METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING: DEMONSTRATION METHOD The Teacher demonstrate the techniques to produce and format document, while the students follow. Material: 2023 IGCE OCT/NOV past question Task 1