TLE-ICT 10 Motherboard PDF

**TLE-ICT 10 (COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING)** **MOTHERBOARD** A motherboard (sometimes alternatively known as the mainboard, system board, planar board or logic board). - is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in computers and other expandable systems. It holds many of the crucial elect...

**TLE-ICT 10 (COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING)** **MOTHERBOARD** A motherboard (sometimes alternatively known as the mainboard, system board, planar board or logic board). - is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in computers and other expandable systems. It holds many of the crucial electronic components of the system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals. Unlike a backplane, a motherboard contains significant sub-systems such as the processor. **Terms** **Meaning** ----------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ports It serves as an interface between the computer and other computers or peripheral devices. Connector It is the unique end of a plug, jack, or the edge of a card that connects to a port. Socket It is one endpoint of a two-way communication link between two programs running on the network. Slot It is an engineered technique for adding capability to a computer in the form of connection pinholes. Bridge A networking device that connects networks. **Motherboard components and their functions** 1\. Back Panel Connectors & Ports - \- Connectors and ports for connecting the computer to external devices such as display ports, audio ports, USB ports, Ethernet ports, PS/2 ports etc. 2\. PCI Slots - \- PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect Slot for older expansion cards such as sound cards, network cards, connector cards. - \- Have been largely replaced by PCI-Express x1 slots 3\. PCI Express x1 Slots \- Slot for modern expansion cards such as sound cards, network cards (Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Bluetooth), connector cards (USB, FireWire, eSATA) and certain low-end graphics cards. 4\. PCI Express x16 Slot - \- Slot for discrete graphic cards and high bandwidth devices such as top-end solid state drives. 5\. Northbridge - \- Also known as Memory Controller Hub (MCH). - \- Chipset that allows the CPU to communicate with the RAM and graphics card. - \- Beginning from the Sandy Bridge generation of Intel CPUs, motherboards no longer have this component as it has been integrated within the CPU itself. - \- A CPU socket or CPU slot is a mechanical component(s) that provides mechanical and electrical connections between a microprocessor and a printed circuit board(PCB). This allows the CPU to be replaced without soldering. - \- Connects to the 4-pin power cable of a power supply unit which supplies power to the CPU. - \- Connects to USB 2.0 ports at the front or top of a computer case. - \- Connects to the power switch, reset switch, power LED, hard drive LED and front audio ports of a computer case. - \- Connects to older hard drive disks and optical drives for data transfer. Have been replaced over by SATA connectors - \- Supplies power to store BIOS settings and keep the real time clock running. The CMOS battery found on most motherboards is the CR2032 lithium coin cell. - \- Also known as the Input/ Output Controller Hub (ICH). - \- Chipset that allows the CPU to communicate with PCI slots, PCI-Express x 1 slots (expansion cards), SATA connectors (hard drives, optical drives), USB ports (USB devices), Ethernet ports and on-board audio. - \- Connects to modern hard disk drives, solid state drives and optical drives for data transfer. - \- Supplies power to the CPU heat sink fan and computer case fans. - A memory slot or RAM slot is **what allows computer memory (RAM) chip/stick to be inserted into the computer** - \- Connects to the 24-pin ATX power cable of a power supply unit which supplies power to the motherboard. - \- Connects to amSATA solid state drive. In most cases, this SSD is used as cache to speed up hard disk drives, but it\'s possible to re-purpose it as a regular hard drive. - \- Connects to USB 3.0 ports at the front or top of the computer case - \- Onboard button to turn on, turn off and reboot the computer. - \- This motherboard component is more common among high end boards. **BASIC COMPUTER TROUBLESHOOTING** - What should you do if your screen goes blank? What if you are unable to close an application or hear any sound from your speakers? Don\'t be alarmed if you encounter a computer problem! You can use some basic troubleshooting techniques to resolve issues like this. In this lesson, we\'ll show you some simple troubleshooting techniques as well as how to solve common problems. - Troubleshooting a computer issue is a trial-and-error process, requiring careful planning and execution. To avoid repeating mistakes, write down each step taken and take notes on error messages. Check all cables, especially for hardware issues like monitors or keyboards, to ensure proper connection. If all else fails, restart the computer to resolve basic issues. This will help identify if others are experiencing the same problem and make it easier to seek help. - Now that you\'ve learned a few troubleshooting techniques, let\'s look at some of the most common problems you might encounter. **Problem 1: An application is running slowly.** **Solution:** - To fix a slow application, close and reopen it, or update it by checking for updates in the Help menu or conducting an online search. **Problem 2: The mouse/keyboard has stopped working.** **Solution:** To fix a mouse/keyboard issue, ensure the device is properly connected to the computer and charged, or turn on a wireless mouse or keyboard. **Problem 3: The screen is blank.** **Solution:** The screen is blank due to a computer in Sleep mode. Wake it by clicking or pressing keys, ensure the monitor is plugged in and turned on, and ensure the monitor cable is properly connected. **Problem 4: My computer\'s sound is not working.** **Solution:** To hear sound on a computer, check the volume level, audio player controls, external speakers, and headphones. Make sure the audio button is on and the volume is up. Check the audio output port and ensure the correct audio port is connected to the computer. If headphones are not hearing, connect them. **What are the POST code indicators and their meaning?** **1. Short Beep -**Normal post: the system is OK. **2. Sort Beeps** -Post errors error code is shown on the screen. **3. No BEEP -**Power supply, system problem, disconnected CPU, or disconnected speaker. **4. Continuous beep** -Ram or keyboard problem. **5. Repetitive short beeps** -Power supply, system board, or keyboard problem. **6. 1 long and 1 short beep** -System board problem. **7. 1 long and 2 short beeps** -Display adapter problem **8. 1 long and 3 short beeps** -Enhanced the graphic editor problem. **9. 3 long beeps** -keyboard card problem **BIOS (basic input/output system)** BIOS (basic input/output system) is the program a computer's microprocessor uses to start the computer system after it is powered on. It also manages data flow between the computer\'s operating system (OS) and attached devices, such as the hard disk, video adapter, keyboard, mouse and printer. **Boot Sequence** Referred to as **boot options** or **boot order**, the **boot sequence** defines which devices a computer should check for the operating system\'s boot files. Once the **Boot** menu has been found, search for the Boot Order to be changed. At times, the boot option shown in the following figure may be hidden in other tabs. Scroll around and try to locate this option. To **change which device to boot from first**, follow the directions on the BIOS setup utility screen to change the boot order **Beep Code** Beep codes are especially helpful if the root cause of the problem has something to do with video. If you can\'t read an error message or error code on the screen because of a video-related problem, it\'s going to deter your efforts of finding out what\'s wrong. This is why having the option to *hear* the errors as a beep code is so incredibly helpful. Beep codes sometimes go by names like *BIOS error beeps, BIOS beep codes, POST error codes,* or *POST beep codes*, but usually, you\'ll see them just referenced as *beep codes*. **What If There Is No Beep Sound** no beep code means your computer just doesn\'t have an internal speaker, which means you won\'t be able to hear anything, even if the BIOS is producing it. The best solution for finding out what\'s wrong is to use a POST test card to see the error message in digital form. The power supply is bad. No power to the motherboard also means there\'s no power to the internal speaker, which renders it unable to make any beeping sounds. **How to Troubleshoot Beep Codes** 1. Power on the computer, or restart it if it\'s already on. 3. Write down, in whatever way makes sense to you, how the beeps sound. **CMOS\"Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor.\"** **How long does the CMOS battery last?** **How would I know if my CMOS battery is failing?** **The following are the possible problems:** 1.Whatisthemethodtoknowcomputerproblems? 2.Shutdownthecomputerbypressingthepowerbutton.? 3.Overheating of laptop? 5.RAM problem 6.keyboard problem? 7.check sum error problem? 8.Computer no sound? 9.The computer screen went black. The power light was still there on the monitor? 10.Computer date and time error **Install Operating System (OS)** The procedures in installing Windows 7 operating system: 2\. Go to Boot menu and choose Boot from CD/DVD. 3\. Press F10 to save the configuration and exit BIOS then reset your computer. 5\. Select your language, time & currency format, keyboard or input method, and click Next. 6\. Click Install now 7\. Check I accept the license terms and click Next 11\. After completing the first step, it will expand (decompress) the files that it has been copied. 12\. The third and fourth step will also complete instantly like the first step. 17.If you want to set a password, type it in the textboxes and click Next. 19\. Select your desired option for Windows Updates 20\. Select your time and click Next 21\. If you are connected to any network, it will ask you to set the network 's location. **How to troubleshoot Windows 7** Windows 7 is an easy-to-use operating system that allows users to seamlessly access the depths of their computer's hard drive. But every system has its fault. Troubleshooting Windows 7 is a very easy process and can save hours and money taking your computer to a PC shop. The following steps on troubleshooting windows 7. 1. Click on the start menu on your taskbar, normally located at the bottom left corner of the desktop. 2. Hover the mouse over "Computer" and right-click to display the menu pictured below. You need to then click on properties, to view some major details about your computer and its hardware and operating system. 3. After clicking "properties" the system windows should pop-up, looking like the one pictured below. The information we are looking for is pictured under the header "Windows Edition" near the top of the window. Make sure that you are using some sort of Windows 7 Operating System. 4. Open the start menu again, as you did in earlier in step 2. Select "Control Panel" to view settings and customize areas of your computer. 5. Click on find and fix problems under the "System and Security" section at the top left corner of the windows, once the control panel opens. 6. Look for the troubleshooting window to open. Through this window, you can troubleshoot problems with incompatible programs, sound, mouse, and keyboard issues, internet connections, personalization of your Windows computer, as well as running maintenance tasks for the good of your PC. 7. If your problem isn't available through this menu, click on "view all" in the sidebar at the left side of the window. 8. Click view all", and the window above will open. The options that are provided describe specific problems that your computer can diagnose, if you're having a problem. Simply double click any of these options, and the troubleshooting wizard will open. 9. For example, you might click on "Network Adapter" to open the troubleshooting wizard for this specific problem. All the troubleshooting wizards run in the exact same way, regardless of what specific problem you are trying to diagnose. The first step in running the troubleshooter is to simply press "Next" at the bottom of the window. This will start the troubleshooting process. 10. Wait while Windows scans your computer for any issues in the specific area that you are running the troubleshooter for. If for any reason you would like to stop scanning for problems, click on the "Cancel" button at the lower right-hand corner of the window. 11. If Windows finds an issue, it will offer a possible solution to the problem. If you have already tried the solution presented, simply click "Skip this step," and Windows will offer you another solution, and will eventually end, giving you a report of possible fixes. 12. If you have not yet attempted that original solution, follow the instruction provided on the troubleshooter, and click on "Check to see if the problem is fixed" from the window in the previous step. Windows will then check for problems again, as it did the first time you ran the wizard. If all goes well, you should see a window displaying that troubleshooting could not find any problems. In this case, you have diagnosed, and treated your computer's problem, saving time and money in the process! - Another problem that may plague your computer is hardware problems. Perhaps the internet doesn\'t work because the actual wireless card is physically damaged. In this case, troubleshooting will not fix anything, and you\'ll have to repair the broken part. - If you are not able to solve your problem with a troubleshooting wizard, you may need to take your PC in for clinical repairs. You could have a deep-rooted software problem, that most PC users don\'t have the experience to figure out. **Install Peripherals/Devices** **Steps on Installing a Printer** **Step 1: Insert the installer CD to your CD/DVD Drive** -- if you do not have a CD installer download the printer driver from its website and run it as administrator. **Step 2: Accept Product License Agreement** -- tick on the checkbox **I agree by the contents of the License Agreement** in order to continue with the setup and click **Next**. **Step 3: System Check & Installation** -- the program will check the internet for the latest version of the driver. Click the **Next** button. **Step 4: Installing of the Printer Driver Software** -- Once done the program will give you two choices. Choose Re-install the essential software if you have already installed a similar printer driver before. choose Install application software for a fresh copy of the printer driver and click **Next**. **Step 5: Printer Setup** -- Click the **Next** button and follow the instructions of the setup. And keep hitting the Next button until it begins to install the Printer Manual Package **Step 6: Connect your Printer** -- use the printer cord to connect your printer to the computer. Don't forget to turn on your printer during this process so that the computer can detect it. Once the computer finds the printer the **Next** button will be activated then click it. **Step 7: Print a Test Page** -- the ink system will begin to initialize and prepare the printer for its first test page printing. Click **Print Test Page** to test the print quality of the printer. Click **Next** to finish the printer connection setting and proceed to Additional Installation. **Step 8: Install Additional Software** -- the setup will check for additional application to be installed. When you have installed all necessary applications click **Finish** to exit from the setup. And your done setting up your new printer. **Install OS & Drivers Updates/Patches** **How to install Windows 10 updates** Most of the time your operating system does the update automatically all you have to do is schedule an update restart so that it can be installed, but if you have set your PC to update manually then you have to follow certain procedures. **Step 1: Click the Windows Icon** -- it is located on the bottom-left of your screen. **Step 2: Click the Settings Icon** -- it is the next icon from the Power symbol **Step 3: Click Update & Security** **Step 4: Click Download** -- in the Windows Update panel you will see Updates available if there are new updates that are waiting to be downloaded and installed. Click Download button to start downloading and installing these updates. **Step 5: Restart** -- your PC will ask you to restart your computer so that the updates will be applied. You may schedule the restart, or you may choose to restart right away. Just make sure that you have saved any work that you are doing or close any program that is active. Click **Restart now** to begin. While your computer is working on its updates, it is advised that you do not turn off the computer or else it will take longer to start. The update might take a while from a few minutes up to an hour or more depending on the update package. **Step 6: Up to date** -- after the restart is complete, you will see in your Windows Update that there are no more updates available for installation. **How to install Device Driver updates** Device drivers allow your computer to access devices that are connected to your computer. There are cases that when device drivers are not updated, they cause your computer to go **Blue Screen** which is a type of error prevents your computer to work properly. To prevent this, just like the operating system update, your device driver is automatically updated by your PC whenever new updates are detected. But if you want to manually update a device driver you have to follow the steps below. In this case let us update our graphics card which is the AMD Radeon ™ Vega 8 Graphics **Step 1: Right-Click the Windows Icon** -- it is located on the bottom-left of your screen. **Step 2: Click Device Manager** **Step 3: Click Display adapters and Right-click AMD Radeon ™ Vega 8 Graphics** **Step 4: Click Update Driver** **Step 5: Search for driver --** the device manager will ask you where to search for the driver update. **Step 6:** You may choose **Search automatically for updated driver software** if you want to search online and follow the instructions from the online driver update wizard. **Step 7:** if you have a driver software downloaded somewhere in your PC, choose **Browse my computer for driver software** and look for the driver software in your computer. You can also click **Let me pick from a list of available drivers on my computer** and the computer will show you the compatible hardware for driver software. Hit the **Next** button to begin the installation and follow the instructions until it is finished. - But if you already have the up-to-date driver, the Device manager will tell you that **The best drivers for your device are already installed.** **To create a bootable USB flash drive** 1. Insert a USB flash drive into a running computer. 2. Open a Command Prompt window as an administrator. 3. Type diskpart, and then select ENTER. 4. In the new command line window that opens, determine the USB flash drive number or drive letter by typing list disk, and then select ENTER. The list disk command displays all the disks on the computer. Note the drive number or drive letter of the USB flash drive. 5. At the command prompt, type select disk \, where X is the drive number or drive letter of the USB flash drive, and then select ENTER. 6. Type clean, and then select ENTER. This command deletes all data from the USB flash drive. 7. To create a new primary partition on the USB flash drive, type create partition primary, and then select ENTER. 8. To select the partition that you just created, type select partition 1, and then select ENTER. 9. To format the partition, type format fs=ntfs quick, and then select ENTER. 10. Type active, and then select ENTER. 11. Type exit, and then select ENTER. 12. When you finish preparing your custom image, save it to the root folder of the USB flash drive.