Foundations for OT Practice with Children PDF

FOUNDATIONS FOR OT PRACTICE WITH CHILDREN​ 2ND LESSON IN OT AND PEDIATRICS ADAPTATION LESSON INTRODUCTION ➔​ The child’s ability to adjust and change to...

FOUNDATIONS FOR OT PRACTICE WITH CHILDREN​ 2ND LESSON IN OT AND PEDIATRICS ADAPTATION LESSON INTRODUCTION ➔​ The child’s ability to adjust and change to fit in the environment. ★​ Interventions are based on an analysis of the child’s behaviors and performance. COGNITIVE STRUCTURES OR SCHEMA ★​ The occupation/s in which he or she ➔​ Describes how children represent objects, engages, and the context. events, and relationships. ★​ Determines how performance is influenced and how its environment COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY supports or constrains it. (4 stages) PLAY 1.​ SENSORIMOTOR STAGE ➔​ Stage 1: Reflexes (Birth to 1 month) ➔​ Stage 2: Primary Circular Reactions (1 to ★​ The primary occupation of childhood. 4 months) ★​ Essential for development. ➔​ Stage 3: Secondary Circular Reactions (4 ★​ Central to a session because activities to 8 months) engage and motivate the child elevating ➔​ Stage 4: Coordination of secondary the child’s performance. schemata and their application to new situations. Imitations begin (8 to 12 “Is an active ingredient of a healthy lifestyle” months) prepares a person for work. ➔​ Stage 5: Tertiary circular reactions (12 to 18 months) THEORY ➔​ Stage 6: Invention of new means through mental combinations (12 to 24 months) ★​ A set of facts, concepts, and assumptions 2.​ PREOPERATIONAL STAGE that are used to describe phenomena. (2 to 7 years old) ★​ A guide or rationale for OT intervention. ➔​ Transition period ➔​ Appearing illogical and disorganized in MODELS OF PRACTICE thinking. ➔​ Centering ➔​ Egocentrism ★​ Practical expression of theory ➔​ Age of curiosity. ★​ Provides therapists with specific methods and guidelines for OT intervention. 3.​ CONCRETE OPERATIONAL ➔​ Conforms to certain rules and principles of DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES logic. ➔​ Seriation and understanding of the relationship. 1.​ PIAGET AND COGNITIVE ➔​ Class Inclusion DEVELOPMENT. 2.​ VYGOTSKY AND THE ZONE OF 4.​ FORMAL OPERATIONAL PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT. ➔​ Logical, efficient thoughts. 3.​ MASLOW AND THE HIERARCHY OF ➔​ Mental abilities are refined. NEEDS. 🩺 PIAGET AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT ➔​ Has 4 stages ➔​ “The child plays an active role in the growth of intelligence and learns by doing” (Piaget, 1973) OT AND PEDIATRICS | FOUNDATIONS OF OT PRACTICE WITH CHILDREN | BEJADO This table shows the summary or the application of the 4 stages above. 🩺 MASLOW AND THE HIERARCHY OF NEEDS LEARNING AND SYSTEMS THEORY 🩺 VYGOTSKY AND THE ZONE OF 1.​ BEHAVIORAL THEORIES PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT 2.​ SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORIES 3.​ THE INFLUENCE OF MOTIVATION AND ➔​ Learning occurs through social interaction. SELF-EFFICACY ON LEARNING ➔​ The actual development level is 4.​ DYNAMIC SYSTEMS THEORY determined by independent problem-solving. Potential development is BEHAVIORAL THEORIES determined through problem-solving but with the supervision or guidance of an ​ The classical Conditioning adult or capable peers. ➔​ ​ Operant conditioning ➔​ How behavior is influenced by the environment. ​ Incidental Teaching ➔​ The goal is for the child to spontaneously play. SCAFFOLDING ➔​ Therapists or adults support a child’s actions to improve competence. ➔​ By growing, decreasing the amount of support is essential. OT AND PEDIATRICS | FOUNDATIONS OF OT PRACTICE WITH CHILDREN | BEJADO  ​ Pivotal Response Teaching ➔​ The goal is to teach children sets of pivotal behaviors believed to be central to learning. SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY ​ Learning that occurs in a social context THE INFLUENCE OF MOTIVATION AND SELF-EFFICACY ON LEARNING ➔​ If children experience success in situations, they will: 1.​ Have increased perceived competence and self-control. 2.​ Gain support from significant others. 3.​ Show pleasure at mastering the task. DYNAMIC SYSTEMS THEORY ​ The body and environment are constantly changing. ​ They simultaneously influence each other. OT AND PEDIATRICS | FOUNDATIONS OF OT PRACTICE WITH CHILDREN | BEJADO