Solar Geometry 2nd Exam Coverage PDF

AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. SUN AND ITS ORBIT -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s a...

AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. SUN AND ITS ORBIT -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude A.1 Sun angle -Determining Altitude & -the star at the center of Solar System. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -a massive, nearly perfect sphere of hot -Form follows Math Architecture plasma, heated to incandescence by PASSIVE COOLING: nuclear fusion (light atoms are fused into -Historical & indigenous heavier atoms, and in the process use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation energy is released). versus night-flush cooling -4.5 billion-year-old yellow dwarf star – a -Basic principles of airflow, hot glowing ball of hydrogen and helium. -Airflow through buildings, -Without the Sun's energy, life as we -Comfort ventilation. know it could not exist on our home planet. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. SUN AND ITS ORBIT -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude A.2 Sun’s Elliptical Orbit angle -Determining Altitude & -whole solar system: orbits around the Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams center of the Milky Way Galaxy. -Form follows Math Architecture -moving at an average velocity of PASSIVE COOLING: 828,000 km/hr. (230 million years for 1 -Historical & indigenous complete orbit around the Milky Way). use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation -at least 200 billion other stars in our versus night-flush cooling galaxy, but there is only one solar system. -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. SUN AND ITS ORBIT -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude A.2 Sun’s Elliptical Orbit angle -Determining Altitude & -The orbit of the earth is not a Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams circle but an ellipse, so that the -Form follows Math Architecture distance between the earth and PASSIVE COOLING: the sun varies as the earth -Historical & indigenous revolves around the sun. use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush cooling -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: B. TILT OF EARTH’S AXIS -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude angle -Determining Altitude & -Because the tilt of the Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams earth’s axis is fixed -Form follows Math Architecture (23.5deg.), the Northern PASSIVE COOLING: Hemisphere faces the -Historical & indigenous sun in June and the use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation Southern Hemisphere versus night-flush cooling faces the sun in -Basic principles of airflow, December. -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: B. TILT OF EARTH’S AXIS -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude angle -Determining Altitude & -The extreme conditions Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams occur on June 21, when -Form follows Math Architecture the North Pole is PASSIVE COOLING: pointing most nearly -Historical & indigenous toward the sun, and on use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation December 21, when the versus night-flush cooling North Pole is pointing -Basic principles of airflow, farthest away from the -Airflow through buildings, sun. -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: B. TILT OF EARTH’S AXIS -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude angle -Determining Altitude & -Notice that on June 21, Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams the sun’s rays are -Form follows Math Architecture perpendicular to the PASSIVE COOLING: earth’s surface along the -Historical & indigenous Tropic of Cancer, which use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation is, not by coincidence, at versus night-flush cooling latitude 23.5° N. -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: B. TILT OF EARTH’S AXIS -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude angle -No part of the earth -Determining Altitude & Azimuth angles north of the Tropic of -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math Cancer ever has the sun Architecture directly over head. It is PASSIVE COOLING: also the longest day in -Historical & indigenous use of passive cooling, Northern Hemisphere -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush and is called summer cooling -Basic principles of solstice (all of the earth airflow, -Airflow through north of the Arctic Circle buildings, -Comfort ventilation. will have twenty-four hours of sunlight). AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: B. TILT OF EARTH’S AXIS -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude angle -No part of the earth -Determining Altitude & Azimuth angles north of the Tropic of -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math Cancer ever has the sun Architecture directly over head. It is PASSIVE COOLING: also the longest day in -Historical & indigenous use of passive cooling, Northern Hemisphere -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush and is called summer cooling -Basic principles of solstice (all of the earth airflow, -Airflow through north of the Arctic Circle buildings, -Comfort ventilation. will have twenty-four hours of sunlight). AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: B. TILT OF EARTH’S AXIS -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude angle -Determining Altitude & -Six months later, on Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams December 21, at the -Form follows Math Architecture opposite end of the PASSIVE COOLING: earth’s sun’s rays that do -Historical & indigenous fall on the Northern use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation Hemisphere do so at versus night-flush cooling much lower sun angles -Basic principles of airflow, (altitude angles) than -Airflow through buildings, those striking the -Comfort ventilation. Southern Hemisphere. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: B. TILT OF EARTH’S AXIS -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude angle -Determining Altitude & -Six months later, on Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams December 21, at the -Form follows Math Architecture opposite end of the PASSIVE COOLING: earth’s sun’s rays that do -Historical & indigenous fall on the Northern use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation Hemisphere do so at versus night-flush cooling much lower sun angles -Basic principles of airflow, (altitude angles) than -Airflow through buildings, those striking the -Comfort ventilation. Southern Hemisphere. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: B. TILT OF EARTH’S AXIS -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Halfway between the angle -Determining Altitude & longest and shortest days Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams of the year is the day of -Form follows Math Architecture equal nighttime and PASSIVE COOLING: daytime hours. This -Historical & indigenous situation occurs twice a use of passive cooling, year, on March 21 and -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush September 21, called the cooling -Basic principles of spring and fall equinox (Fig. airflow, -Airflow through 6.4a). On these days, the buildings, -Comfort ventilation. sun is directly overhead on the equator. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: B. TILT OF EARTH’S AXIS -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude angle -Halfway between the -Determining Altitude & Azimuth angles longest and shortest days -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math of the year is the day of Architecture equal nighttime and PASSIVE COOLING: daytime hours. This -Historical & indigenous situation occurs twice a use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation year, on March 21 and versus night-flush cooling September 21, called the -Basic principles of airflow, spring and fall equinox (Fig. -Airflow through 6.4a). On these days, the buildings, -Comfort ventilation. sun is directly overhead on the equator. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: C. CONSEQUENCE OF ALTITUDE ANGLE -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude angle -Determining Altitude & -The vertical angle at which the Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams sun’s rays strike the earth is -Form follows Math Architecture called the altitude angle and is a function of the latitude, time of PASSIVE COOLING: year, and time of day. -Historical & indigenous use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush cooling -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: C. CONSEQUENCE OF ALTITUDE ANGLE -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude angle -Determining Altitude & -The simplest situation occurs at Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams 12 noon on the equinox, when the -Form follows Math sun’s rays are perpendicular to the Architecture earth at the equator (Fig. 6.5a). To PASSIVE COOLING: find the altitude angle of the sun -Historical & indigenous at any latitude, draw the ground use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation plane tangent to the earth at that versus night-flush cooling latitude. By simple geometric -Basic principles of principles, it can be shown that the airflow, -Airflow through altitude angle is equal to 90° buildings, -Comfort ventilation. minus the latitude (A = 90deg – L). AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: C. CONSEQUENCE OF ALTITUDE ANGLE -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude angle -Determining Altitude & There are two important con sequences of this altitude angle on Azimuth angles climate and the seasons. -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math Architecture 1. The first effect of the altitude angle is illustrated by Figure 6.5b, which indicates that at PASSIVE COOLING: low angles the sun’s rays pass through more of -Historical & indigenous use of passive cooling, the atmosphere. Consequently, the radiation -Comfort ventilation reaching the surface will be weaker and more versus night-flush cooling modified in composition. The extreme case -Basic principles of airflow, occurs at sun set, when the radiation is red and -Airflow through weak enough to be looked at. This is because of buildings, -Comfort ventilation. the selective absorption, reflection, and refraction of solar radiation in the atmosphere. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: C. CONSEQUENCE OF ALTITUDE ANGLE -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude angle -Determining Altitude & There are two important con sequences of this altitude angle on Azimuth angles climate and the seasons. -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math Architecture 2. The second effect of the altitude angle is illustrated in the diagram of the cosine law (Fig. PASSIVE COOLING: 6.5c). This law says that a given beam of sunlight -Historical & indigenous use of passive cooling, will illuminate a larger area as the sun gets lower -Comfort ventilation in the sky. As the given sun beam is spread over versus night-flush cooling larger areas, the sunlight on each square unit of -Basic principles of airflow, land naturally gets weaker. The amount of -Airflow through sunlight that a surface receives changes with the buildings, -Comfort ventilation. cosine of the angle between the sun’s rays and the nor mal to the surface. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: D. DETERMINING ALTITUDE & AZIMUTH ANGLE -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude COMPONENT ANGLES OF SUNRAYS angle -Determining Altitude & Azimuth angles 1. ALTITUDE ANGLE -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math -measured in a vertical plane. Architecture -It tells us how high the sun is PASSIVE COOLING: in the sky. -Historical & indigenous In Figure 6.9a we see a sunray use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation enter the sky dome at 2 p.m. on versus night-flush cooling the equinox. The horizontal -Basic principles of projection of this sunray lies in airflow, -Airflow through the ground plane. The vertical buildings, -Comfort ventilation. angle from this projection to the sunray is called the altitude. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: D. DETERMINING ALTITUDE & AZIMUTH ANGLE -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude COMPONENT ANGLES OF SUNRAYS angle -Determining Altitude & Azimuth angles 2. ALTITUDE ANGLE -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math -measured in the vertical plane, Architecture between the sun’s direction and PASSIVE COOLING: the horizon plane; in some texts -Historical & indigenous this is referred to as “elevation.” use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush cooling -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: D. DETERMINING ALTITUDE & AZIMUTH ANGLE -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude COMPONENT ANGLES OF SUNRAYS angle -Determining Altitude & Azimuth angles 2. AZIMUTH ANGLE -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math -measured in a horizontal plane. Architecture PASSIVE COOLING: In Figure 6.9a we see a sunray -Historical & indigenous enter the sky dome at 2 p.m. on use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation the equinox. The horizontal versus night-flush projection of this sunray lies in cooling -Basic principles of the ground plane. The horizontal airflow, -Airflow through angle, which is measured from buildings, south on a north–south line, is -Comfort ventilation. called the azimuth. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: D. DETERMINING ALTITUDE & AZIMUTH ANGLE -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude COMPONENT ANGLES OF SUNRAYS angle -Determining Altitude & Azimuth angles 2. AZIMUTH ANGLE -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math -the direction of the sun measured in the Architecture horizontal plane from north in a clockwise PASSIVE COOLING: direction (thus east = 90°, south = 180°, west = 270°, whilst north can be 0° or 360°) also -Historical & indigenous use of passive cooling, referred to by some as “bearing.” Many -Comfort ventilation authors (in the northern hemisphere) use 0° versus night-flush cooling for south and have -90° for east and +90° for -Basic principles of west, north being ±180°. Some in the airflow, -Airflow through southern hemisphere use the converse: north buildings, = 0°, going through east (+90°) to +180° for -Comfort ventilation. south and through west (-90°) to -180°. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: E. SUN PATH DIAGRAM / SOLAR CHART -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -A sun-path diagram is a -Consequence of altitude angle chart that illustrates the -Determining Altitude & Azimuth angles sun's location in the sky at -Sun path diagrams any point of time during the -Form follows Math Architecture day, and throughout the year PASSIVE COOLING: at a single reference point. -The sun-path diagram -Historical & indigenous use of passive cooling, allows the sun's azimuth and -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush tilt to be read off the chart, cooling which allows the position of -Basic principles of airflow, the sun can be determined. -Airflow through buildings, -It can tell how the sun will -Comfort ventilation. impact your site and building throughout the year. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: E. SUN PATH DIAGRAM / SOLAR CHART -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis 4 TYPES -Consequence of altitude angle -Determining Altitude & 1. CARTESIAN SUN PATH Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -The map projection -Form follows Math encompasses a wide range Architecture of transformations used to PASSIVE COOLING: represent the curved two- -Historical & indigenous dimensional surface of a use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation globe on a plane. The versus night-flush cooling cylindrical projection is -Basic principles of obtained by unraveling airflow, -Airflow through the globe inside a cylinder. buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: E. SUN PATH DIAGRAM / SOLAR CHART -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis 4 TYPES -Consequence of altitude angle -Determining Altitude & 2. STEREOGRAPHIC SUN PATH Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -These diagrams are from -Form follows Math the point of view of the sky Architecture looking down at the ground, PASSIVE COOLING: you can superimpose it on a -Historical & indigenous map or a plan of the building use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation without being confused. (You versus night-flush cooling can see this by following the -Basic principles of hour lines from east to west airflow, -Airflow through on the diagram.) buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: E. SUN PATH DIAGRAM / SOLAR CHART -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis 4 TYPES -Consequence of altitude angle -Determining Altitude & 3. SPHERICAL (ORTHOGRPAHIC) Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams SUN PATH -Form follows Math -the radial distance from the Architecture center is the cosine of the PASSIVE COOLING: altitude angle. This sunpath -Historical & indigenous diagram is utilized in making use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation the sun-path 3D model. versus night-flush cooling -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: E. SUN PATH DIAGRAM / SOLAR CHART -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis 4 TYPES -Consequence of altitude angle -Determining Altitude & 4. EQUIDISTANT SUN PATH Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -The Equidistant projection -Form follows Math shows all altitudes the same Architecture by using a linear scale. PASSIVE COOLING: -the radial distance is simply -Historical & indigenous a linear factor of the altitude use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation angle. Thus the relative versus night-flush cooling change in radius between all -Basic principles of angles is the same. airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: F. FORM FOLLOWS MATH ARCHITECTURE -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude angle -Determining Altitude & Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math Architecture PASSIVE COOLING: -Historical & indigenous use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush cooling -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: F. FORM FOLLOWS MATH ARCHITECTURE -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude angle -Determining Altitude & Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math Architecture PASSIVE COOLING: -Historical & indigenous use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush cooling -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: F. FORM FOLLOWS MATH ARCHITECTURE -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude angle -Determining Altitude & Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math Architecture PASSIVE COOLING: -Historical & indigenous use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush cooling -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects SOLAR GEOMETRY 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: F. FORM FOLLOWS MATH ARCHITECTURE -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude angle -Determining Altitude & Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math Architecture PASSIVE COOLING: -Historical & indigenous use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush cooling -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: Passive cooling is the -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis least expensive and most -Consequence of altitude angle environmentally friendly -Determining Altitude & Azimuth angles means of cooling a home. -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math Architecture It involves designing the PASSIVE COOLING: building envelope to -Historical & indigenous minimize heat gain and use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation facilitate heat loss versus night-flush cooling through natural processes -Basic principles of airflow, like air movement, -Airflow through buildings, breezes, evaporation, and -Comfort ventilation. earth coupling. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: To achieve thermal comfort in a A. Heat avoidance: minimize heat gain in the -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis more sustainable way, one building; appropriate use of shading, orientation, -Consequence of altitude color, vegetation, insulation, daylight, and the angle should use is the three-tier -Determining Altitude & control of internal heat sources. Azimuth angles design approach. -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math B. Passive cooling: temperatures are actually Architecture lowered and not just minimized, as is the case with PASSIVE COOLING: heat avoidance; cross ventilation. -Historical & indigenous use of passive cooling, -includes the use of air motion (0.1 to 0.3 m/s to 0.3 -Comfort ventilation to 1 m/s) to shift the comfort zone to higher versus night-flush cooling temperatures. -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through C. Mechanical Cooling: must cool only what heat buildings, avoidance and passive cooling could not -Comfort ventilation. accomplish; last consideration. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND DRY CLIMATES Architecture few and small windows PASSIVE COOLING: light surface colors -Historical & indigenous massive construction, such as adobe, brick, or stone. use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush cooling -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND DRY CLIMATES Architecture massive materials not only retard and delay the progress of heat through the PASSIVE COOLING: walls, but also act as a heat sink during the day. -Historical & indigenous use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush cooling -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND DRY CLIMATES Architecture High Diurnal temperature PASSIVE COOLING: range (DTR) -Historical & indigenous -difference between daily use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation maximum and minimum versus night-flush cooling temperature -Basic principles of -the nights tend to be cool airflow, -Airflow through if the DTR is high. buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND DRY CLIMATES Architecture Night ventilation - used to PASSIVE COOLING: cool the indoor mass, which -Historical & indigenous will then act as a heat sink use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation the next day. versus night-flush cooling -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND DRY CLIMATES Architecture To prevent the heat sink from being overwhelmed, small windows and light PASSIVE COOLING: colors (minimize heat gain). -Historical & indigenous use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush cooling -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND DRY CLIMATES : Architectural techniques Architecture A. Closed shutters: reduce the B. Wind scoops: (places with little wind) PASSIVE COOLING: daytime heat gain, while still maximize ventilation; used several -Historical & indigenous allowing ventilation. thousand years ago in Egypt. use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation -common in Middle East today. versus night-flush cooling -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND DRY CLIMATES : Architectural techniques Architecture C. Wind towers: no prevailing PASSIVE COOLING: wind direction; with many -Historical & indigenous openings are used; Dubai on the use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation Persian Gulf. versus night-flush cooling -divided by diagonal walls, which -Basic principles of create four separate air wells airflow, -Airflow through facing four different direction buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND DRY CLIMATES : Architectural techniques Architecture D. Porous jugs of water at the PASSIVE COOLING: base of tower; fountains or -Historical & indigenous trickling water: use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation -means of evaporating water to versus night-flush cooling cool the incoming air. -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND DRY CLIMATES : Architectural techniques Architecture E. Mashrabiya: PASSIVE COOLING: -wind-catching feature in Middle East. -Historical & indigenous -(mostly in bay windows) delicate use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation wood screens kept most of the sun out versus night-flush cooling yet allowed breezes. -Basic principles of -also, porous jugs of water placed in airflow, -Airflow through the mashrabiya. buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND DRY CLIMATES : Architectural techniques Architecture F. Evaporative cooling is very PASSIVE COOLING: effective: -Historical & indigenous -humidity is low (fountains, pools, use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation water trickling down walls, and versus night-flush cooling transpiration from plants - evaporative -Basic principles of cooling). airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND DRY CLIMATES : Architectural techniques Architecture G. Small and deep courtyards or PASSIVE COOLING: atriums: -Historical & indigenous -self-shading most of the day but also use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation because they block the hot wind that versus night-flush cooling would blow away the cool air (not -Basic principles of good in hot and humid which requires airflow, -Airflow through cross ventilation). buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND DRY CLIMATES : Architectural techniques Architecture H. Massive domed structures: appropriate strategy in hot and dry PASSIVE COOLING: regions. -Historical & indigenous Yields two different benefits: use of passive cooling, 1. During the day, the sun sees little more than the horizontal -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush footprint of the dome. cooling 2. At night almost a full hemisphere sees the night sky. -Basic principles of airflow, (radiant heating is minimized while radiant cooling is maximized) -Airflow through -Domes also have high spaces where stratification will enable the buildings, -Comfort ventilation. occupants to inhabit cooler lower levels. EX. Pantheon, in Rome. Its oculus allows light to enter while the hot air escapes AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND DRY CLIMATES : Architectural techniques Architecture I. Large quantity of earth or rock: effective barrier PASSIVE COOLING: to the extreme temperatures in hot and dry climates. -Historical & indigenous -effective protection from extreme heat and cold. use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush EX. Dwellings abutting the cliffs at Mesa Verde, cooling Colorado (heat-sink capacity of both the rock cliff and -Basic principles of airflow, the massive stone walls). -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND DRY CLIMATES : Architectural techniques Architecture J. Hogans: rocks are not available; thick earthen walls PASSIVE COOLING: were used; used by Navajo people in southwest; -Historical & indigenous insulating effect of their thick earthen walls and roofs. use of passive cooling, -Spanish settlers used adobe for HOGANS. -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush cooling -Basic principles of “In hot and dry climates, maximize shading and airflow, -Airflow through thermal mass while minimizing daytime natural buildings, ventilation.” -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND HUMID CLIMATES Architecture PASSIVE COOLING: -In very humid climates, mass is a liability and -Historical & indigenous very lightweight structures are best. use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush -Although the sun is not as strong as in dry cooling -Basic principles of climates, the humidity is so uncomfortable that airflow, -Airflow through any additional heating from the sun is very buildings, objectionable. -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND HUMID CLIMATES Architecture -large windows, large overhangs, and low mass. PASSIVE COOLING: -emphasis is on natural ventilation. -Historical & indigenous use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush cooling -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND HUMID CLIMATES Architecture -Best solution for thermal mass is to best solution was to minimize the walls. PASSIVE COOLING: -very lightweight structures are best. -Historical & indigenous use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush cooling -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND HUMID CLIMATES Architecture PASSIVE COOLING: -Buildings are set on stilts to catch more wind and to rise above the humidity near -Historical & indigenous the ground. use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush cooling -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND HUMID CLIMATES Architecture -High ceilings allow the air to stratify, and vents at the gable or ridge allow the PASSIVE COOLING: hottest air to escape. -Historical & indigenous use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush cooling -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND HUMID CLIMATES: Architecture PASSIVE COOLING: -Historical & indigenous “In hot and humid use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation regions, maximize versus night-flush shading and natural cooling -Basic principles of ventilation while airflow, minimizing thermal -Airflow through buildings, mass” -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND HUMID CLIMATES: Architectural techniques Architecture A. Post-and-beam construction PASSIVE COOLING: :maximize natural ventilation in -Historical & indigenous JAPAN use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation :allows the lightweight paper wall versus night-flush cooling panels (shoji) to be moved out of -Basic principles of the way in the summer. airflow, -Airflow through :Large overhanging roofs protect buildings, -Comfort ventilation. these panels and also create an outdoor space called an “Engawa”. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND HUMID CLIMATES: Architectural techniques Architecture B. Large gable vents PASSIVE COOLING: -increase the ventilation through -Historical & indigenous the building use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush cooling -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND HUMID CLIMATES: Architectural techniques Architecture C. Main living space, built of a light PASSIVE COOLING: wood frame, raised off the damp and -Historical & indigenous muggy ground on a brick structure. use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush cooling -Gulf Coast houses and their elaborate -Basic principles of version, the French Louisiana plantation airflow, -Airflow through houses buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND HUMID CLIMATES: Architectural techniques Architecture D. High ceiling PASSIVE COOLING: -Historical & indigenous -to permit the air to stratify and the use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation people to occupy the lower, cooler layers. versus night-flush cooling -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND HUMID CLIMATES: Architectural techniques Architecture E. Vents in the ceiling and high dormers PASSIVE COOLING: with operable windows -Historical & indigenous -allowed the stack effect and wind to use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation exhaust the hottest air from the building versus night-flush cooling -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND HUMID CLIMATES: Architectural techniques Architecture F. Dogtrot Houses PASSIVE COOLING: -The common open central hallway was -Historical & indigenous derived from the dogtrot houses of the use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation early pioneers of the South, who built one versus night-flush cooling roof over two log cabins spaced about -Basic principles of 10 ft (3 m) apart. airflow, -Airflow through -air accelerating through the central buildings, -Comfort ventilation. breezeway AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND HUMID CLIMATES: Architectural techniques Architecture G. High doors and windows PASSIVE COOLING: -Historical & indigenous -These openings were often as use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation high as 12 ft (3.6 m), and the versus night-flush cooling windows were frequently triple -Basic principles of hung so that two-thirds of the airflow, -Airflow through window could be opened. buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND HUMID CLIMATES: Architectural techniques Architecture H. Louvered shutters PASSIVE COOLING: -Historical & indigenous -allowed ventilation when sun use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation shading and privacy were desired. versus night-flush cooling -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND HUMID CLIMATES: Architectural techniques Architecture H. Louvered shutters PASSIVE COOLING: -Historical & indigenous -The classical image of white use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation buildings was also very versus night-flush cooling appropriate for the hot climate -Basic principles of (heat transmittance is high). airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND HUMID CLIMATES: Architectural techniques Architecture I. Large-windowed belvedere PASSIVE COOLING: -Historical & indigenous -offers a panoramic view, light, use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation and a strong stack effect through versus night-flush cooling the three-story stair hall. -Basic principles of airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND HUMID CLIMATES: Architectural techniques Architecture J. Operable transom PASSIVE COOLING: -have sashes that can be -Historical & indigenous opened or closed to help use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation regulate the temperature versus night-flush cooling in a room when the door -Basic principles of is closed. airflow, -Airflow through -all rooms have cross buildings, -Comfort ventilation. ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND HUMID CLIMATES: Architectural techniques Architecture K. Operable Callado PASSIVE COOLING: -openings between -Historical & indigenous ceiling and wall panels. use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush cooling -all rooms have cross -Basic principles of ventilation. airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation. AR218: TROPICAL DESIGN By: Ar. Ricky L. Omamalin, Uap, Nampap Heating, Cooling, Lighting : Sustainable Design Methods for Architects PASSIVE COOLING 2ND EXAM COVERAGE SOLAR GEOMETRY: A. Historical and Indigenous use of Passive Cooling, -Sun and its Orbit -Tilt of Earth’s axis -Consequence of altitude -Passive cooling strategies for hot and dry climates are very different angle -Determining Altitude & from those for hot and humid climates. Azimuth angles -Sun path diagrams -Form follows Math HOT AND HUMID CLIMATES: Architectural techniques Architecture L. Vintanilla PASSIVE COOLING: -openings between floor -Historical & indigenous and wall panels. use of passive cooling, -Comfort ventilation versus night-flush cooling -all rooms have cross -Basic principles of ventilation. airflow, -Airflow through buildings, -Comfort ventilation.