Singapore Forensic Drug Classification PDF

Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive Singapore Forensic Drug Classification Chapter 2 INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive Singapore...

Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive Singapore Forensic Drug Classification Chapter 2 INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive Singapore Drug Classification Through Forensic Classification: (a) Medicinal products approved for registration in Singapore are classified into three forensic classes: mcq/ saq Prescription Only Medicine (POM) Pharmacy only medicine (P) General Sale List medicine (GSL) INP Oct 2024 Ref: www.hsa.gov.sg Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive FORENSIC CLASSIFICATION How does the authority decide the way these 3 groups are formed The main determinants include mcq/ saq ▪ risk profile of the product, ▪ local experience with the product or similar products, ▪ public health considerations ▪ seriousness of the medical condition for the product’s proposed indications. INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive Categories of dispensing Medicines By Forensic classification Medicines can be obtained by : Prescription Only Medicine OTC May need to give Name Pharmacy Only and IC to pharmacist List when buying at the pharmacy General Sales list Can get from shops/ counters easily INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive 1. Prescription Only Medicine To obtain prescription drugs, an order must be given authorizing the patient to receive the drug. INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive Prescriptions All prescriptions must be signed by the doctor with his usual signature be dated be written personally by the doctor (today prescriptions at all govt institutions are entered into the electronic medical records and printed out by the pharmacy/ ward) have the name and address of patient and doctor specify the dose to be taken and the total quantity to be dispensed specify the number of installments, the interval between the installments and the amount to be dispensed at each interval (for prescriptions to be dispensed in intervals) prescriptions cannot be written in code. INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive 3.1 Storage of Prescription Drugs (a) Drugs must be stored in cabinets or shelves meant solely for storage of drugs (b) Drugs for oral use should be stored separately from lotions and other external preparations (c) Poisons (schedule 1) must be stored in a locked area. (d) The storage areas of drugs must be accessible to the medical/nursing staff only. (e) Controlled Drugs - All controlled drugs must be kept separately from other drugs and must be always under lock and key. The key to the controlled drugs must be always in the personal possession of the staff nurse in charge or doctor. INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive Storage of Medications INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive Identify the essential components in a prescription. INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive How a prescription looks like INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive Controlled drugs Refers to Special group of drugs that are: Highly addictive Misused/ abused mcq May be used to cause harm INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive Controlled Drug Prescription In addition, the prescriptions for controlled drugs must indicate: the dosage form i.e., whether it is a tablet or mixture the strength of the preparation the total quantity or dosage units to be dispensed, and the indication must be written in both words and numbers INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive Simple Example: Tablet Morphine 5 (five) mg, to take 1 (one) OM x 5 (five) days Total tablets= 5 (five) tablets. INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive WHY WRITE THE WORDS??.... Why these extra cautionary measures for controlled drugs? Because of the chance of misuse, addiction and abuse. INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive How a controlled drug prescription looks like Qty in no, and words INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive 4. Over-The-Counter Drugs (OTC) Include GSL and Pharmacy medicines Do not require a doctor’s prescription. These meds are SAFE INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive Indication for use: mcq Consumer must be able to diagnose condition and monitor effectiveness Safety profile of drug : High margin of safety and must adhere to guidelines. Limited drug interaction profile Low potential for abuse Practical aspect for OTC -Easy to use and monitor INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive Recap………….. Features OTC medications that allow them to be OTC Safety profile of drug high and good safety index Limited drug interaction Practical aspect for OTC meds- relieve a symptom Low potential for abuse Easy to use and monitor INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive Advantages of Prescription Drugs SAQ Opportunity for physician to examine patient Proper determination of diagnosis and treatment Practitioner can maximize therapy To order drugs appropriate for patient’s condition To control amount and frequency dispensed Patient education on use and adverse effects INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive Disadvantages of Prescription Drugs SAQ Difficulty in obtaining continuous supply Cost is higher Time needed to visit Dr. o or make clinic appointments INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive Advantages of OTC SAQ Patient can self-treat minor ailments Decreases physician and pharmacists dispensing thus costs reduces Increases patient’s responsibility of his own health Able to obtain a continuous supply- by buying more such medication over the counter. INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive Disadvantages of OTC If patients do not follow the written leaflet instructions, OTC drugs can have serious adverse effects such as liver damage. Delay in seeking medical care Increase “out of pocket” costs if complications arise SAQ Deficient knowledge in use of medication can be harmful Drug-drug, drug-food, drug-herb interactions May increase disease progression, worsen body function Ineffective treating INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive Recap …… POM P GSL OTC Prescription Meds Vs Controlled drug prescription Advantages Vs Disadvantages of Prescription and OTC meds INP Oct 2024 Official (Closed) - Non Sensitive Summary We have covered: 1. 1. Drug Regulations in Singapore 2. 2. Singapore Drug Classification 3. 3. Prescription Drugs 4. 4. Over-The-Counter Drugs (OTC) Next to do: 1. 5. Naming of Drugs 2. 6. Proprietary vs Generics Drugs 3. 7. Differences between Generic drugs and the Brand drugs equivalents. 4. 8. Therapeutic and Pharmacologic Classification 5. 9 Interpreting drug labels INP Oct 2024