Hormone Classification PDF
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University of Galway
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Summary
This document provides lecture notes on hormone classification. It covers different types of hormones and their synthesis, storage, and release mechanisms.
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Hormone Classification University ofGalway.ie Hormone Classification University ofGalway.ie Hormone Classification: Chemical structure: AA Derivatives Hormone Derivatives of Tyr...
Hormone Classification University ofGalway.ie Hormone Classification University ofGalway.ie Hormone Classification: Chemical structure: AA Derivatives Hormone Derivatives of Tyrosine and Tryptophan University ofGalway.ie Hormone Derivatives of Tryptophan Amino Acid Derived Hormones University ofGalway.ie University ofGalway.ie Hormone Derivatives of Tyrosine University ofGalway.ie Protein or Shorter Chain Peptides Peptide Larger Proteins Hormones Glycoproteins University ofGalway.ie Peptide Hormone University ofGalway.ie Protein Hormone Growth hormone University ofGalway.ie Glycoprotein Hormones Family of protein hormones Alpha and Beta subunit Alpha subunit common Specificity in beta subunit TSH, LH, EPO, hCG, Inhibin University ofGalway.ie Lipid Derived Hormones University ofGalway.ie Lipid Derived Hormones Eicosnaoids Arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators Eicosanoids are oxygenated 20-carbon fatty acids from either omega-3 (ω-3) or omega-6 (ω-6) group. Multiple subfamilies of eicosanoids, PGs, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. University ofGalway.ie Chemical Structure Determines Synthesis, Storage, Release Transport in Body Fluids Receptor location Mechanism of Action Degradation University ofGalway.ie Hormone Synthesis and Storage Protein/Peptide Hormones University ofGalway.ie What are the Basic Steps in Making a Protein/Peptide Hormone gene for peptide (DNA) transcription primary RNA transcript post-transcriptional Stored in Vesicles modification Released on Demand messenger RNA translation prepeptide/prepropeptide post-translational modification University ofGalway.ie mature (active) peptide secretion Golgi complex Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) To target Ribosome Active hormone Peptide Transport Hormone Peptide fragment vesicle Synthesis, Packaging, and 3 Release 4 6 Secretory vesicle 5 Release Prohormone signal Capillary endothelium 2 1 Signal Cytoplasm ECF Plasma sequence Preproho mRNA rmone University ofGalway.ie Peptide/Protein Hormones Synthesis Takes Time Stored in Vesicles Reservoir of Hormone Bi-lipid membrane NOT permeable to Protein/Peptide Hormones Release by Exoctosis from Cells University ofGalway.ie Synthesis of insulin University ofGalway.ie Multiple processing patterns for protein hormones University ofGalway.ie Multiple processing patterns for protein hormones University ofGalway.ie Hormone Synthesis Steroid Hormones University ofGalway.ie Steroid Hormones All steroids, except calcitriol, have cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus The parental precursor of steroids - cholesterol University ofGalway.ie Steroid Hormones Derived from Cholesterol Following Enzyme Action Enzymes located in mitochondria and smooth ER Synthesized and immediately released not packaged Lipid soluble and thus are freely permeable to membranes not stored in cells. University ofGalway.ie University ofGalway.ie Steroids can be transformed to active steroid in target cell University ofGalway.ie Protein/peptide secreting cell Steroid secreting cells University ofGalway.ie
