Adult Ruminant Stomach Conditions PDF

A D U LT RUMINANT: STOMACH CONDITIONS LUISA SOARES LMV, FHEA, MRCVS LECTURER IN PRODUCTION ANIMAL MEDICINE LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this lecture should be able to Construct a differential diagnosis list based on clinical presentations associated with adult stomac...

A D U LT RUMINANT: STOMACH CONDITIONS LUISA SOARES LMV, FHEA, MRCVS LECTURER IN PRODUCTION ANIMAL MEDICINE LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this lecture should be able to Construct a differential diagnosis list based on clinical presentations associated with adult stomach diseases and choose appropriate diagnostics. Determine appropriate medical and surgical interventions in the management and treatment of adult stomach diseases in ruminants. Determine appropriate prognosis, based on an individual animal and a herd. Determine control measures appropriate for adult stomach disease prevention. 2 CASE APPROACH History Animal signalment Management Nutrition Clinical signs Depressed appetite, dull, decreased milk yield, altered rumen contractions, Reduced eructation, regurgitation and cudding rate, altered BCS, Abnormal abdominal contour, altered faecal output Clinical exam Usually normal temp unless peritonitis/ TRP with severe inflammation, pain may alter HR/RR, may have dehydration, percussion for ‘pings’, rectal palpation for rumen shape and consistency, intestinal gas or displaced organs. Differential diagnoses 3 4 5 6  No distension/ sunken – rumen hypomotility, anorexia Left sided distension – LDA, bloat vagal indigestion Ddx Right sided distension – RDA Upper left, lower right distension – vagal indigestion Upper left and right distension – pneumonperitoneum, bloat, obstructive disorders Lower left and right distension – late pregnancy, hydrops, ascites 7  F U R T H E R C L I N I C A L E X A M I N AT I O N TECHNIQUES Withers Pinch (test) Knee/Fist Test Grasp skin over withers – should dip Sudden upward force to xiphisternum Penetrating FB → refuse to move or Place stethoscope over trachea grunt Penetrating FB → grunt https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFfS92e512M Bar Test Eric Williams Test Apply upward pressure behind Can’t be performed if rumenostasis xiphisternum Place stethoscope over trachea Slowly raise and quickly drop Concurrently place hand in left Place stethoscope over trachea sublumbar fossa Penetrating FB → grunt Grunt at start of the A ruminal cycle Cockcroft P, Jackson P. Clinical examination of the abdomen in adult cattle. In Practice 2004;26:304-317. https://surrey.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/44SUR_INST/1tc3s1n/cdi_proquest_journals_1770127278 8  DIAGNOSTICS Ultrasonography Rumen Fluid Analysis Abomasum Nasogastric tube, Oral stomach tube Displaced or normal position Care to avoid saliva contamination Folds of abomasal mucosa vs papilliform ruminal Rumenocentesis mucosa ventral sac, 18g 3.5inch spinal needle Abdominocentesis Colour – normally green/brown Displaced abomasum - pH 2-4 pH Rumen - pH