English 226 Mock Midterm Exam PDF

English 226 MOCK Midterm Exam English Department Date: Faculty of Humanities Time: Chiang Mai University Name:...

English 226 MOCK Midterm Exam English Department Date: Faculty of Humanities Time: Chiang Mai University Name: Code: Section: Part 1: Expressions and structures (Items 1–22) I. Complete the dialogues with appropriate expressions or language patterns (Items 1–14). Situation 1: A patient is visiting a doctor. Doctor: Good afternoon. What seems to be the problem? James: I work out a lot and it’s always alright, but in the past two weeks, I’ve been (1) while exercising. Doctor: Do you do strenuous exercise? James: Yes, I usually run on a treadmill in the gym. Now every time I run, I also have (2) afterwards. Doctor: (3) ? James: About 10 – 20 minutes, depending on how hard I exercise. Doctor: Well, what other symptoms do you have? James: I’m (4) especially during or after the exercise, sometimes with mucus. But I think it’s not like when I have a cold. Doctor: (5) exhausted during exercise? James: A lot. Now I get tired more easily and I feel I have lower performance. Doctor: (6) exercise-induced asthma. But you need to have a test to assess your lung function to confirm you really have it. 1. 1. inhaled difficultly 2. a stuffy nose 3. short of breath 4. a pain in my nostrils 2. 1. breathe noisily 2. felt congested 3. infection in my lungs 4. tightness in my chest 3. 1. When did you first have it 2. How long does it last each time 3. How often do you have it 4. When did it usually happen 4. 1. a runny nose 2. feeling bad sore throat 3. coughing a lot 4. violent sneezes 5. 1. Are you 2. Do you 3. Do you have 4. Are you having 6. 1. You might probably be 2. It’s likely that you might be 3. You may fail to have 4. It’s possible that you have Situation 2: Two colleagues are talking about a health problem. Smith: Nat, you don’t look good today. What’s the matter? Nat: I’m not feeling well. (7). Smith: Oh yes! You look pale. Did you have enough sleep last night? Nat: Yes, no problems with sleep, but (8) this morning. Now, I have a bad headache. Smith: (9) ? 1 Nat: Yes, some paracetamol an hour ago, but I still feel terrible. And my eyes sockets hurt. Smith: Your eyesight might change. I think (10) you have it checked as soon as possible. 7. 1. It is a dizzy thing 2. It feels very light-headed 3. I’m really light-headed 4. I’ve got to be dizzy 8. 1. that could be blurry sight 2. it was my blurry eyes 3. I couldn’t see blurry things 4. my vision was blurry 9. 1. Do you suggest painkillers 2. Did the painkillers help 3. Did you take any painkillers 4. Do you have more painkillers 10. 1. you’re careful that 2. it’s important that 3. it’s necessary to 4. you’re suggested to II. Complete the first aid steps for hypothermia with appropriate expressions or language patterns. (Items 11–14) Hypothermia occurs when your body loses heat faster than it can produce heat. If you suspect someone has hypothermia, immediately take these steps: First, move the person out of the cold. If Then, (12). Replace them with going indoors is not possible, (11) , dry clothing or blankets. especially around the neck and head. Next, apply warm, dry compresses to the Give the person a warm, sweet drink center of the body. If you use a hot water (14) their energy. Hot water with bottle, wrap it in a towel (13). lemon and honey is a good option. 2 11. 1. place them in a warm spot 2. protect them from the wind 3. check their body temperature 4. monitor their condition closely 12. 1. dry the person’s wet clothes 2. avoid wetting the clothes 3. never touch the wet clothes 4. remove any wet clothes 13. 1. before applying it to the area 2. while you are heating the area 3. after you compress the area 4. when using it to warm the area 14. 1. to boosting 2. to boost 3. to boost of 4. to boosting of III. Complete the following description with appropriate words or phrases. (Items 15–17) i) Bile reflux occurs when bile backs up (refluxes) into your stomach and, in some cases, into the esophagus. It may accompany the reflux of gastric acid into your esophagus. Gastric reflux may (15) gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a potentially serious problem (16) irritation and inflammation of esophageal tissue. This condition is most often (17) excess acid. 15. 1. result 2. be caused 3. be therefore 4. lead to 16. 1. because 2. causing 3. resulted in 4. as a result 17. 1. due to 2. result from 3. leading to 4. occurred in IV. Choose the word with a correct prefix or suffix to complete each sentence. (Items 18–22) 18. In a steam bath, wet heat is used to the sinus and the nasal passages to help make breathing seem effortless. 1. incongest 2. discongest 3. uncongest 4. decongest 19. Salmonella in food is responsible for 1.2 million foodborne illnesses each year. 1. contaminance 2. contamination 3. contaminate 4. contaminant 20. Intestinal infection is one of the top major public health problems in developing countries. 1. parasital 2. parasitory 3. parasitic 4. parasited 21. ________________nail infection can be difficult to cure, and they typically do not go away without treatment. It can cause toenails and fingernails to become discolored, thick, and more likely to crack and break off. 1. Fungal 2. Fungi 3. Fungus 4. Fungo 22. Processed meat, alcohol, tobacco, engine exhaust, and ultraviolet rays are common human _______. 1. carcinogenic 2. carcinogens 3. carcinoma 4. carcinology 3  Part 2: Vocabulary (Items 23–30) Complete the following texts with appropriate words or phrases. i) A disease outbreak happens when a(n) (23) disease occurs in greater numbers than expected in a community or region or during a season. The number of cases can be (24) and various according to the disease-causing agent, as well as the size and type of previous and existing exposure to the agent. By contrast, an epidemic is an occurrence of a group of (25) of similar nature and derived from a common source, in excess of what would be normally expected in a community or region. A classic example of it would be Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). 23. 1. excruciating 2. incurable 3. acute 4. contagious 24. 1. noxious 2. malignant 3. excessive 4. intense 25. 1. conditions 2. ailments 3. prevalences 4. transmissions ii) Pregnancy labor can last on average 12 to 24 hours for a first birth. The average woman’s cervix may (26) about 1 cm per hour during the active phase to accommodate the baby to pass through the birth canal. The baby's heart rate is usually (27) during labor by special equipment. This helps the doctor detect problems with the baby if they develop. 26. 1. restore 2. manipulate 3. recline 4. dilate 27. 1. respired 2. incorporated 3. monitored 4. characterized iii) Since accidents happen every day, it is _____(28)_____ for people to understand some basic knowledge about first aid. While you are waiting for help to arrive, you may be able to save someone's life. You should not _____(29)_____ but should stay calm and follow some basic first aid _____(30)_____. For people whose heart or breathing has stopped, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a must. To handle common injuries, cuts and scrapes, for example, should be rinsed with cool water. 28. 1. alternative 2. optimum 3. vital 4. inseparable 29. 1. panic 2. disrupt 3. contract 4. incorporate 30. 1. remedies 2. warnings 3. directions 4. credentials 4 Part 3: Reading (Items 31–55) Read the following texts and answer the questions. Text 1 (Items 31–39) Craniosynostosis is a birth defect in which one or more of the fibrous joints between 1 the bones of a baby's skull (sutures) close prematurely before the baby's brain is fully formed. Brain growth continues, giving the head a misshapen appearance. Around two years of age, a child’s skull bones begin to join together because the sutures become bone. When this occurs, the suture is said to “close.” In a baby with craniosynostosis, one or more of the sutures closes too early while others have not fused together, making a specific part of the skull stop growing and 2 causing the skull to have an abnormal shape. Sometimes, when that happens, the brain might not have enough room to grow to its usual size. This can lead to a build-up of pressure inside the skull. The signs of craniosynostosis are usually conspicuous at birth, but they will 3 become more apparent during the first few months of a baby's life. These include a misshapen skull, a raised ridge along affected sutures, and slow or no growth of the head as the baby grows. The risk of pressure from simple craniosynostosis is small, as long as the suture and head shape are fixed surgically. But babies with complex craniosynostosis may 4 develop increased pressure inside the skull if their skull does not expand enough to make room for their growing brain. If the defect is left untreated, increased pressure can cause developmental delays, cognitive impairment, lethargy, blindness, eye movement disorders, seizures or death (in rare instances). The causes of craniosynostosis in most infants are unknown. Some babies have a craniosynostosis because of changes in their genes. In some cases, craniosynostosis 5 occurs because of an abnormality in a single gene, which can cause a genetic syndrome. However, in most cases, it is thought to result from a combination of genes and other factors, such as things the mother comes in contact with in her environment, or what the mother eats or drinks, or certain medication she uses during pregnancy. Recent studies have shown the factors that increase the chance of having a baby with craniosynostosis include maternal thyroid disease and the use of certain medication. 6 Women with thyroid disease or who are treated for thyroid disease while they are pregnant have a higher chance of having an infant with this defect. Moreover, women who report using clomiphene citrate (a fertility medication) before or early in pregnancy are more likely to have a baby with craniosynostosis. Babies with very mild craniosynostosis might not need surgery. As the baby gets older and grows hair, the shape of the skull can become less noticeable. Sometimes, special medical helmets can be used to help mold the baby’s skull into a more regular shape. 7 However, for most babies, surgery is the primary treatment. The type and timing of surgery depends on the type of craniosynostosis and whether there is an underlying genetic syndrome. The purpose of surgery is to correct the abnormal head shape, reduce or prevent pressure on the brain, create room for the brain to grow normally and improve the baby's appearance. 5 31. Craniosynostosis is a defect in which a baby is born with a(n) _____________. 1. build-up of pressure in the skull 2. abnormally weak skull bone 3. delayed closure of skull bones 4. deformed skull 32. Normally, when a baby is about two years old, _____________. 1. all the sutures should completely close 2. the skull’s sutures start to connect together 3. the sutures are not supposed to develop into bones 4. the skull is producing more sutures between the bones 33. What happens inside the head of a baby with craniosynostosis? 1. Some sutures fuse too soon. 2. The skull develops slowly. 3. All skull bones fail to join. 4. The brain grows prematurely. 34. Which word has the closest meaning to the word conspicuous (Paragraph 3)? 1. curable 2. fatal 3. evident 4. massive 35. Too much pressure in the skull caused by craniosynostosis _____________. 1. can affect the baby’s vision 2. often kills the baby 3. increases the size of the skull 4. can stop the growth of the brain 36. Which is NOT the factor leading to craniosynostosis? 1. mother’s diet 2. gene mutation 3. maternal illness 4. prolonged pregnancy 37. What does the word it (Paragraph 5) refer to? 1. a genetic syndrome 2. the cause of craniosynostosis 3. craniosynostosis 4. an abnormality in a single gene 38. Which person would be LEAST likely to have a baby with craniosynostosis? 1. Jane took fertility-boosting drugs before she was pregnant. 2. Ann never checked the thyroid during her pregnancy. 3. Sue just recovered from hyperthyroidism before her pregnancy. 4. Kim used clomiphene citrate to get pregnant. 39. Which is NOT true about the treatment of craniosynostosis? 1. Babies with serious craniosynostosis need surgery. 2. Surgery is the only way to treat craniosynostosis. 3. Surgery is optional for treating craniosynostosis. 4. Babies’ brain impairment can be prevented by surgery. 6 Text 2 (Items 40–45) A smartwatch is regarded as an extension of a smartphone, but the major advantage of it is you almost always wear it. This allows smartwatch wearers to be 1 connected in ways never imagined before. The always-on feature has great implications for changing the health and lifestyles of watch owners. Here are some examples how a smartwatch can help improve your health. Step tracker: A smartwatch has built-in pedometers, which makes it easy to see the number of steps taken. While the degree of accuracy of these pedometers is 2 questionable, the fact that you are moving to meet your step goal is the most important thing. Sleep monitoring: A smartwatch, when worn at night, can track sleep patterns. It can let you know how many hours of sleep you are getting, including uninterrupted 3 hours. These sleep statistics can help you identify patterns and set goals to improve the quality and quantity of sleep. Goal setting: Many smartwatches have built-in apps with goal-setting abilities. For example, you can set a goal to take a certain number of steps, or to burn 4 calories. The goal tracker will let you know how you do on your goal today and over time. This provides an incentive and reward when you meet your health goals. Workout reminder: Setting a workout reminder is a great way to turn a good goal into a great habit. It is easy to miss a reminder notification if you do not have 5 your phone with you, but a smartwatch will vibrate on your wrist, and let you know the time to hit the gym. Fitness app: A smartwatch can be connected to health and fitness apps. Various features available in the apps can assist you to meet your individual health goals and needs. Moreover, since it is always connected to your 6 smartphone, your health statistics (sleep, steps, etc.) will be synced with your phone. This helps you understand your habits and progress and set future goals. 40. What is the purpose of this text? 1. to inform the readers of the most outstanding features of a smartwatch 2. to suggest some of the helpful features of a smartwatch in setting goals 3. to describe how healthy lifestyle can be managed by a smartwatch 4. to convince the readers to purchase a smartwatch with useful functions 41. What does the word it (Paragraph 1) refer to? 1. smartwatch 2. smartphone 3. extension 4. advantage 42. Which word has the closest meaning to the word incentive (Paragraph 4)? 1. report 2. motivation 3. benefit 4. confidence 43. What health improving feature is NOT mentioned in this text? 1. sleep tracker 2. running records 3. calories checking 4. heart rate monitoring 7 44. Which feature of a smartwatch helps its owner keep the exercise routine? 1. goal setting 2. sleep monitoring 3. workout reminder 4. step tracker 45. Which statement is TRUE about smartwatches? 1. Smartwatches help the owners track their health if worn all the time. 2. All smartwatches enable the owners to reach their health target. 3. Smartwatches can be connected to smartphones for more accuracy. 4. Smartwatches have health-improving functions that are all reliable. Text 3 (Items 46–55) I-cell disease is an inherited disorder that belongs to a group of diseases known as lysosomal storage disorders, in which genetic variations disrupt the normal activity of lysosomes in human cells. Lysosomes are particles in cell membranes, which contain 1 enzymes responsible for breaking down and recycling molecules such as fats and carbohydrates. Individuals with a lysosomal storage disorder lack one of these necessary enzymes to break down molecules for cells to function properly. I-cell disease is caused by a mutation in a gene called GNPTAB. This results in the deficiency of the enzyme GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase, which lysosomes require to properly break down large molecules inside the body’s cells. Without this enzyme, 2 digestive enzymes cannot be tagged with M6P and transported to lysosomes. Instead, they end up outside the cells and have increased digestive activity, causing large molecules of certain fatty substances (mucolipids) and complex carbohydrates (mucopolysaccharides) to accumulate within the cells. This disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. Each parent of an individual with this condition carries one copy of the mutated GNPTAB gene, but the signs and symptoms 3 of the condition are not shown. This means an affected child has received one defective copy of the gene from each of their parents. The disorder is estimated to occur in about 1 in 100,000 to 400,000 individuals worldwide. Approximately 30 cases of I-cell disease have been reported in the medical literature. Children born with I-cell disease are often small at birth. As infants, they grow slowly until their physical development often plateaus around 24 months of age. They usually have growth delays which can result in short stature (dwarfism). Affected children also have poor muscle tone (hypotonia), severe delays in the development of 4 motor skills, such as sitting, standing and walking, as well as varying degrees of mental retardation. Besides, individuals with this disease typically have several bone abnormalities, many of which are present at birth. They may have an abnormally rounded upper back, feet that are abnormally rotated, dislocated hips, unusually shaped long bones, and short hands and fingers. They also have joint deformities (contractures) that significantly affect mobility. Other features of I-cell disease include a soft out-pouching around the belly-button (umbilical hernia) or lower abdomen (inguinal hernia), heart valve abnormalities, 5 distinctive-looking facial features that are described as "coarse," and overgrowth of the gums. Vocal cords can stiffen, resulting in a hoarse voice. The airway is narrow, which can contribute to prolonged or recurrent respiratory infections. Affected individuals may also have recurrent ear infections, which can lead to hearing loss. 8  The treatment of I-cell disease can vary. Antibiotics are often prescribed for respiratory infections and yearly flu shots are important. Physical therapy is encouraged to maintain joint function and mobility as long as possible. Total hip replacement has been most effective when performed after puberty. Other 6 orthopedic complications may be managed as they arise. Hearing aids should be considered. Sleep studies can determine the degree of obstructive sleep apnea and the need for treatment. In some cases, heart problems may be treated surgically. Overall, it can be seen that treating I-cell disease is symptomatic and supportive. 46. Which statement correctly describes I-cell disease? 1. It is the disrupted process of removing such molecules as fats and carbohydrates. 2. It involves the insufficiency of enzymes that break down and recycle molecules. 3. It occurs within cell membranes containing enzymes for molecule breakdown. 4. It is concerned with genetic variations of lysosomes inside the body’s cells. 47. What is the function of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase? 1. fixing the mutation in GNPTAB 2. transporting lysosomes to the cells 3. facilitating M6P to digest enzymes 4. breaking down fats and carbohydrates 48. What happens to the body’s cells if GNPTAB is mutated? 1. Large molecules are accumulated outside the cells. 2. The cells prevent large molecules to be accumulated. 3. Large molecules in the cells are not properly digested. 4. The cells lack lysosomes for digesting large molecules. 49. What does the word they (Paragraph 2) refer to? 1. lysosomes 2. large molecules 3. digestive enzymes 4. M6P and lysosomes 50. Which word best describes the characteristic of I-cell disease? 1. hereditary 2. contagious 3. widespread 4. preventable 51. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements is true? 1. Both parents are the I-cell disease carriers to their children. 2. Children will be born with the disease if one parent has the condition. 3. Parents with the disease show the same symptoms as their children. 4. The chances that the I-cell disease will occur are high as it is genetic. 52. What does the word plateaus (Paragraph 4) mean? 1. continues constantly 2. reaches a stable level 3. becomes noticeable 4. returns to the same state 9 53. Which is NOT a symptom of I-cell disease? 1. weak muscles 2. severe abdominal joint pain 3. skeletal malformation 4. slow mental development 54. Which is most likely a complication of I-cell disease? 1. bleeding gums 2. inability to speak 3. breathing problems 4. hypersensitivity to sound 55. What can be concluded about the treatment of I-cell disease? 1. It depends on specific symptoms. 2. It may cause some complications. 3. It requires patients to be supportive. 4. It is effective when performed early. END OF EXAM 10