MSBTEs Environmental Studies Study Material PDF

MSBTEs Study Material : : : : : Key words Learning Objective: Diagram/ Picture Forest UO 2a: List various natural res...

MSBTEs Study Material : : : : : Key words Learning Objective: Diagram/ Picture Forest UO 2a: List various natural resources. Water Land Mineral Energy Key Questions: Concept Map: Natural What is Resources? Resources Forest What is Natural Resources Resources? Water State the Functions of Resources forest resources Land Resources Types of Natural Resources Mineral 1. Forest Resources Resources 2. Water Resources 3. Land Resources Energy 4. Mineral Resources Resources 5. Energy Resources Explanation of Concept: Key Definitions/ Formulas: Natural Resources Resources: Resources that are drawn directly from the nature Anything, which is useful to man, or can be used to and used without modifications are called Natural produce a useful thing, can be referred as ‘resources’. Resources. Example: rocks, minerals, soil, rivers, plants & animal. E.g.: air, water, minerals etc. Functions of forest resources 1. Forest Resources  Productive Functions:  Forest is an area with a high density of trees, Timber, bamboos, food, essential oils together with other plants, covering a large Latex, medicines etc. area of land.  Protective Functions  Forests are home to 50% to 90% of earth’s Conversation of soil and water species. Prevention of drought  These forests not only produce innumerable Protection against wind, cold, radiation, noise. material goods Regulative Functions Absorption, storage and release of gases, water, mineral elements. Importance of Water 2. Water Resources Water is an essential natural resource Earth is known as the "Blue Planet" because 71 for sustaining life. % of the Earth's surface is covered with water. Water is one of the About 97% of the earth’s water is strong saline. most important substance on earth. The rest 3% is freshwater. If there is no water there would be no Fresh Water Sources life on earth. 1. Glaciers- 70% All plants and animals must 2. Underground Water- 29% have water to survive. 3. Rivers and lakes- 1% Water forms 60% of our body weight. Only 1 % is pure and usable water. Water is a renewable and limiting resource. Uses of water: Agricultural Uses Industrial Uses Household Uses Recreational Uses Solved word Problem: Uses of Land Resources 3.Land Resources 1. Agricultural Land: Agricultural land is ► Land is among the most important natural Answers of above typically land devoted to agriculture. resources. It covers up only 29% of the earth’s questions are covered It is land capable of being ploughed and used to surface in study material. grow crops. ► Land is a naturally occurring finite resource. It 2. Habitat for animals and plants: provides the base for survival of living beings. It A forest is a large area holds everything that constitutes terrestrial of land dominated by trees. Forest is ecosystems. a habitat for many plants and animals because it provides a Uses of Land Resources suitable environment for them. 5. Waste Disposal Area (Landfills) :Proper solid- 3. Industrial and commercial Area: waste collection and disposal is important for Commercial area is generally reserved the protection of public health, safety, and for businesses like offices, retail stores, environmental quality. restaurants or bars. 6. Mineral source: Mineral resources are 4. Residential Area: Residential the most important benefits obtained from land area means land used as a permanent as it accelerate Industrial and economic residence or domicile, such as a house, development of a country apartment, nursing home, school, child care facility. Uses of Minerals 4.Mineral Resources ► Development of industrial plants and ► Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic, machinery. crystalline solids having a definite chemical ► Generation of energy e.g. coal, lignite, composition and characteristic physical uranium. properties. ► Construction, housing, settlements. ► Minerals are exhaustible. ► Defense equipment weapons, armaments. Types of Minerals ► Communication- telephone wires, ► Metallic minerals – e.g. Bauxite, Haematite, cables, electronic devices. iron, copper, silver, gold etc ► Agriculture – as fertilizers, seed ► 2. Non-metallic minerals – e.g.Coal, Limestone, dressings and fungicides Marble, Granite, sand, stone, salt, phosphate ► Jewellery– e.g. Gold, silver, platinum, diamond. Renewable sources of Energy 5.Energy Resources ► The unlimited sources of energy which ► The substances from which we produce energy will not be exhausted in any near future are known as energy sources. are known as the renewable sources of ► We need energy for our day to day life. energy. ► The energy we use are of two broad categories: ► These energy sources are continuously 1.Renewable energy replenished at a constant rate. 2.Non-renewable energy Non-renewable of Energy The renewable sources of energy include: ► The exhaustible sources of energy that 1. Solar power once used, cannot be reused are known 2. Hydro power as non-renewable sources of energy. 3. Wind energy ► These sources of energy are known as 4. Tidal energy fossil fuels and these took millions of 5. Geothermal energy years to form and cannot be 6. Biogas regenerated in a matter of years. The Non-renewable sources of energy include: 1. Coal 2. Petroleum 3. Natural gas Application of Concept/ Examples in real life: Link to YouTube/ OER/ video: Key Take away from this UO: Student can List various natural resources.  MSBTEs Study Material : : : : : Key words Learning Objective: Diagram/ Picture Renewable UO 2b: Describe Renewable, Non-renewable and Non-renewable Cyclic resources. Cyclic Key Questions: Concept Map: What is Renewable Resources Resources? What is Non-renewable Renewable Resources? Resources What is Cyclic Resources? Non-renewable Resources Types of Resources 1. Renewable Resources 2. Non-renewable Resources 3. Cyclic Resources Cyclic Resources Explanation of Concept: Key Definitions/ Formulas: ► Examples of Renewable Resources 1. Renewable Resources 1. Solar power ► Resources that can be replenished naturally in 2. Hydro power the course of time are called Renewable 3. Wind energy Resources. 4. Tidal energy ► These energy sources are continuously 5. Geothermal energy replenished at a constant rate. 6. Biogas 1. Solar power 1.Solar power ► The Sun is a powerful source of energy that provides the Earth with as much energy every hour as we collectively use in a year worldwide. ► It is the life sustaining source of energy. The solar energy helps in maintaining the changes in the atmosphere and climate cycle. ► Uses: 1. Solar Cooker 2. Solar water heater 3. Solar electricity generator 2. Hydro power ► Hydro power is the energy derived from 2. Hydro power the falling water or running water. ► Falling water is channeled through water turbines which rotates a shaft and drives an electrical generator, converting the motion into electrical energy. ► Dams are constructed across the river is used for generating Hydro electricity ► Uses: 1.Itcan generate power to the grid immediately, they provide essential back-up power during major electricity outages or disruptions. 2. Hydropower efforts produce a number of benefits, such as flood control, irrigation, and water supply.  3. Wind energy 3. Wind energy Solved word Problem: ► Winds are caused by the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun, Answers of above the irregularities of the earth's surface, questions are covered and rotation of the earth. in study material. ► Large wind farms consist of hundreds of individual wind turbines which are connected to the electric power transmission network. ► Uses: 1. The wind energy can be converted into mechanical and electrical energies to generate electricity using wind mills. 4. Tidal energy 4. Tidal energy ► The energy derived from the rise and fall of the sea tide is converted into electricity at Sea shore. ► Uses: 1. Tidal energy is used to rotate turbines and generate electricity. 2. Energy Storage – Tidal Energy can also be used as a store of Energy. ► Although not yet widely used, tidal energy has the potential for future electricity generation because Tides are more predictable than the wind and the sun. 5. Geothermal energy 5. Geothermal energy ► Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. ► This is the heat of the interior of the earth present at volcanic regions, geysers or hot springs. ► Uses: 1. It is utilized to generate electricity. 2. It is used for heating building, raising plants in greenhouses, drying crops, heating water at fish farms, and several industrial processes, such as pasteurizing milk. 6. Biogas 6. Biogas ► Biogas plant turns dung and organic waste into a clean, nonpolluting, low cost fuel and organic manure which can be distributed in the fields. ► Gobar Gas is a smokeless domestic fuel. It can be produced from cattle dung and other farm organic matters. ► The methane gas is generated from Gobar Gas Plant which having high Calorific value. ► Uses: 1. It is used for cooking purpose as well as for lighting the outdoor street lamp. ► Examples of Non-renewable Resources 1. Oil 2. Non-renewable Resources 2. Natural gas ► Resources that exist in limited supply and can 3. Coal not be replaced if they are used up are called 4. Nuclear fuels Non- renewable Resources. ► These energy sources are Exhaustible  1. Oil 3. Oil ► Liquid petroleum -crude oil- is the only nonrenewable resource in fluid form. ► Industrial nations, with the U.S. far in the lead, are the biggest consumers of crude oil. ► Uses: 1. For Getting Gasoline, heating oil, and diesel fuel. 2. Manufacturers utilize oil as the base for Some products like plastics and industrial chemicals. 2. Natural gas 4. Natural gas ► Natural gas is a fossil fuel formed when layers of buried plants, gases, and animals are exposed to intense heat and pressure over thousands of years. ► Once drillers extract natural gas, processing plants remove the propane and butane to obtain liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) ► Uses: 1. LPG is used as a household and industrial fuel 2. LPG is also used as a fuel in Vehicles. 3. Coal 5. Coal ► Coal is the product of millions of years of pressure on original plants organic matter buried underground. ► It is a combustible black or brownish- black sedimentary rock. ► Anthracite, the purest form of coal, contains about 94 - 95% of carbon. ► Uses: 1. At the power plant, coal is commonly burned in a boiler to produce steam. The steam is run through a turbine to generate electricity. 2. It is also used for metallurgical, industrial and domestic purposes. 6. Nuclear fuels 4. Nuclear fuels ► Nuclear power, or nuclear energy, is the use of exothermic nuclear processes, to generate useful heat and electricity. ► The term includes nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion. ► Uses: Nuclear fuel is used in nuclear power stations to produce heat to power turbines for electricity generation. Example of Cyclic Resources ► For example, water used in industry 3. Cyclic Resources and domestic ways can be cleaned and The resources which can be used again and used again for similar or other purpose. again after passing through some processes are Such resources are given the name of known as cyclic resources. Cyclic Resources. Application of Concept/ Examples in real life: Link to YouTube/ OER/ video: Key Take away from this UO: Information about various Renewable, Non-renewable &Cyclic Resources  MSBTEs Study Material : : : : : Key words Learning Objective: Diagram/ Picture Natural Resources, UO 2c: State the causes and effects of depletion Depletion, of resources. Overpop Impacts on UO 2f: State the impacts of over use of natural ulation environment resources. Over Pollution Consum Key Questions: Concept Map: ption Depletion What are caused of Natural of depletion of natural Resources Industria Natural resources? l Resource wastage Develop s Exploitation or ment What are effects of Overuse depletion of natural Mining resources? Deforest Activitie ation Depletion s What are impacts of over use of natural resources on Impacts on Depletion of Natural Resource environmrnt? Environment ► Resource Depletion occurs when the renewable and non-renewable natural resources become scarce because they are consumed faster than they can recover. Explanation of Concept: Key Definitions/ Formulas: Causes of depletion of Natural Resource Causes of depletion of Natural Resource 1. Overpopulation: 5. Mining of Minerals and Oil. ► “Population growth is driving all of our ► The increased exploitation of different minerals resource problems, including water, has led to some of them entering into a agricultural land and energy,” production decline. ► The Earth can only produce a limited For example, minerals such as Gasoline, Copper, and Zinc amount of water and food, which is production are estimated to decline in the next 20 years. falling short of the current needs. 6. Technological and Industrial Development: 2. Overconsumption: ► Industrial and technological advancements ► This is the excessive and unnecessary have also driven the demand for virgin use of resources. materials for research, development, ► Natural resources in many regions are and production. owned by private companies but they ► More resources are hence being used to satisfy misuse it for getting more profit. the industrial demands, increasing the rate of natural resource depletion. 3. Wastage: ► Without paying much attention, we use 7. Pollution and Contamination of resources: a lot of electric energy each day from ► The poor quality of wastewater effluents is charging electronics to watching TV responsible for the degradation of the ► Similarly Water is also wasted in various receiving surface water body. It is harmful for domestic and industrial works. the aquatic ecosystem. ► The wrong Agricultural practices contaminates 4. Deforestation: the land resources and make it unsuitable for ► Natural calamities like hurricanes, forest cropproduction fires, parasites and floods destroys the Forests Effects of depletion of natural resources ► Human activities as agricultural Water expansion, cattle breeding, timber Shoratag es extraction, mining, oil extraction, dam construction and infrastructure Depletion Oil development. of Natural gas Effects of Depetion Depletionof Natural Resources Depletion loss of of forest Minerals Cover  Overuse of Natural Resources Solved word Problem:  We derive numerous useful substances from natural resources but when 'need' Answers of above turns to 'greed' it starts over questions are covered exploitation. in study material.  impacts of Overuse of Natural Resourceson environment 1. Deforestation. 2. Desertification 3. Soil erosion 4. Land Slides 5. Extinction of species 1. Deforestation 1. Deforestation  Deforestation is the clearance of ► Causes of Deforestation forests by logging and/or burning. 1. Construction of Roads  Trees absorb greenhouse gases and 2. Mining carbon dioxide and produce the 3. Hydroelectric projects oxygen we breathe. 4. Forest fires  Forests are the habitats of millions of species. ► Effects of Deforestation The loss of trees and other vegetation can cause climate change, desertification, soil erosion, fewer crops, and flooding, increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. 2.Desertification 2.Desertification ► Causes for the origin of manmade 3. Desertification is a process by which fertile land deserts becomes desert. 1. Removal of trees. 2. Modern methods of agriculture instead of more traditional. 3. Over exploitation of fertile soil particularly in areas of low rainfall by cultivating cash crops. ► Effects of Desertification It reduces the ability of land to support life, affecting wild species, domestic animals, agricultural crops and people. The reduction in plant cover results in Drought leads to accelerated soil erosion by wind. 4. Soil erosion 3. Soil erosion ► It is the washing or blowing away of the top layer of the soil. ► Causes of soil erosion 1. RAINFALL- raindrops directly strike the soil surface and detach the soil particles. 2. WIND- transportation of soil and sand particle by wind is best seen in deserts and along the seashore. 3. BIOTIC FACTORS- overgrazing by cattle, cutting down of trees, agricultural activities, construction of buildings and laying of roads. ► Effects of soil erosion 1. It washes away the nutrients in soil resulting in infertility of the soil. 2. It has led to increased pollution and sedimentation in streams and rivers, clogging these waterways 3. Degraded lands are also often less able to hold onto water, which can worsen flooding.  4.Land Slides 4. Land Slides ► Causes of Landslides ► It is the movement of rock, earth, or debris 1. Rain down a sloped section of land. 2. Cyclones 3. Earthquakes 4. Volcanoes 5. Unsafe Mining Activities ► Effects of Landslides The cost to repair structures, loss of property value, disruption of transportation routes, medical costs in the event of injury, loss of timber, Water availability. 5. Extinction of species 5.Extinction of species ► Causes of Extinction of species ► Extinction occurs when species are diminished 1. habitat fragmentation because of environmental forces 2. natural disaster 3. decline in population numbers due to poor reproduction 4. overexploitation of species for human use ► Effects of Extinction of species extinction can also impact populations of prey, which can cause dramatic ecosystem and food web changes. Formosan Clouded Leopard Pyrenean Ibex. passenger Pigeon Solutions for Conserving Natural Resources ► Controlling deforestation ► Reducing oil, mineral consumption ► More exploration and use of Renewable source of energy like biogas, biofuels etc ► Protecting wetlands and coastal ecosystem ► Awareness creation ► Treatment of industrial wastes and sewages before release in the water bodies. ► Rain water harvesting. ► Ensure the recycling of wastes. ► Sustainable farming practices like crop rotation. ► Constructions of reservoirs Application of Concept/ Examples in real life: Link to YouTube/ OER/ video: Key Take away from this UO: Know the Causes and effects of depletion of resources Understand impacts of over use of natural resources on environment.  MSBTEs Study Material : : : : : Key words Learning Objective: Diagram/ Picture Conventional UO 2d: State advantages and disadvantages of Nonrenewable, forms of energy. Nonconventional, renewable Key Questions: Concept Map: Conventional or non renewable Forms of energy Non-conventional or renewable Explanation of Concept: Key Definitions/ Formulas: Forms of energy Forms of energy There are two forms of energy – 2. Non-conventional or renewable form of energy 1. Conventional or non-renewable form of energy The various forms of energy included in non- The various forms of energy included in conventional form can be given as follows- conventional form can be given as follows-  Solar energy  Thermal energy  Wind energy  Nuclear energy  Tidal energy  Geo thermal energy  Biomass energy  Hydro power energy Conventional form of energy – Conventional form of energy –  THERMAL ENERGY  Thermal energy refers to the energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature.  Heat is the flow of thermal energy from high temperature to low temperature.  Thermal energy is the internal energy of an object due to the kinetic energy of its atoms and/or molecules. ADVANTAGES OF THERMAL ENERGY  It is one of the most abundant energy DIS-ADVANTAGES OF THERMAL ENERGY sources  Source of pollution: emits waste, SO2 , Nitrogen  Being versatile; can be burned directly, Oxide, ash transformed into liquid, gas or  Coal mining mars the landscape feedstock  Physical transport is difficult  It is inexpensive compared to other  Technology to process coal into liquid or gas is energy sources not fully developed  It can lower overall amount of  Solid is more difficult to burn than liquid or greenhouse gases (liquefaction or gases gasification)  High water content reduces heating value  It is Leading source of electricity today  Dirty industry—leads to health problems  By-product of burning (ash) can be used  Fossil fuels create more pollution and for concrete and roadways emissions   NUCLEAR ENERGY Solved word Problem:  Nuclear power, or nuclear energy, is the use of exothermic nuclear processes, to Answers of above generate useful heat and electricity. questions are covered  The term includes nuclear fission, in study material. nuclear decay and nuclear fusion.  Nuclear fuel is used in nuclear power stations to produce heat to power turbines for electricity generation. DIS-ADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY ADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY  It has potential of high risk / disaster  It provides clear power with no (Chernobyl) atmospheric emissions  It has waste disposal problems.  It is useful source of energy  Waste produced from it is of no use.  Its fuel can be recycled  Earthquakes can cause damage and leaks at  It gives low cost power for today’s plants. consumption  It leads to contamination of the environment  It is viable form of energy in countries (long term) that do not have access to other forms  Lifetime of a nuclear power plant is limited of fuel Non-Conventional form of energy Non-Conventional form of energy  SOLAR ENERGY  Solar energy is obtained from the sun by capturing the solar radiation and converting it into another form of energy for performing various activities  The conversion of solar energy into thermal energy can be done by using solar collectors, whereas in photovoltaic cells, the direct sunlight is used to generate electricity DIS-ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR ENERGY ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR ENERGY  Electricity generation depend entirely on  Solar energy is clean, noise free and exposure to sun light which has limitation by renewable form of energy which causes climate no pollution  Solar power stations can be very expensive to  Very little maintenance is required to build as they cannot match the power output of keep solar cell running as there are no similar sized conventional power stations. moving parts in it.  Solar power is used for charging batteries so  In the long run it can give high return that it can be used at night. These batteries can on investment due to the amount of be large and heavy, taking up space and need to free energy, solar panels produced be replaced from time to time  WIND ENERGY  Winds are caused by the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun, the irregularities of the earth's surface, and rotation of the earth.  Large wind farms consist of hundreds of individual wind turbines which are connected to the electric power transmission network. Dis-advantages of Wind Energy Advantages of Wind Energy  Wind energy requires expensive storage during  Wind Energy is an inexhaustible source peak production time. of energy and is virtually a limitless.  It is unreliable energy source as winds are  Energy is generated without polluting uncertain and unpredictable. environment.  Requires large open areas for setting up wind  This source of energy has tremendous farms. potential to generate energy  Noise pollution problem is usually associated  Wind Energy can be used directly as with wind mills. mechanical energy.  It can be harnessed only in areas where wind is  In remote areas, wind turbines can be strong and weather is windy. used as great resource to generate  Transmission cost of electricity is more due to energy. remote location of turbine.  In combination with Solar Energy, they  The average efficiency of wind turbine is very can be used to provide reliable as well less. as steady supply of electricity.  It can be a threat to wildlife and birds.  Land around wind turbines can be used  Maintenance cost of wind turbines is high as for other uses, e.g. Farming. they have mechanical parts.   TIDAL ENERGY  Tides are the waves caused due to the gravitational pull of the moon and also sun (though its pull is very low). The rise is called high tide and fall is called low tide.  The energy derived from the rise and fall of the sea tide is converted into electricity at Sea shore. ADVANTAGES OF TIDAL ENERGY DISADVANTAGES OF TIDAL ENERGY  It is an inexhaustible source of energy.  Cost of construction of tidal power plant is high.  Tidal energy is environment friendly  There are very few ideal locations for energy and doesn't produce construction of plant Intensity of sea waves is greenhouse gases. unpredictable and there can be damage to  We can predict the rise and fall of tides power generation units. as they follow cyclic fashion.  Influences aquatic life adversely and can disrupt  Efficiency of tidal power is far greater migration of fish. as compared to coal, solar or wind  The actual generation is for a short period of energy. time. The tides only happen twice a day so  Although cost of construction of tidal electricity can be produced only for that time. power is high but maintenance costs  Frozen sea, low or weak tides, straight are relatively low. shorelines, low tidal rise or fall are some of the  Tidal Energy doesn’t require any kind of obstructions. fuel to run.  This technology is still not cost effective and  The life of tidal energy power plant is needs more technological advancements. very long.  Its transmission is expensive and difficult.  The energy density of tidal energy is relatively higher than other renewable energy sources  GEOTHERMAL ENERGY  Geothermal energy is the energy obtained from the earth (Geo) from the hot rocks present inside the earth.  This is the heat of the interior of the earth present at volcanic regions, geysers or hot springs.  Geo-thermal energy is one of the rare forms of energy. ADVANTAGES OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY DISADVANTAGES OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY  It is a renewable source of energy.  Only few sites have the potential of Geothermal  By far, it is non-polluting and Energy. environment friendly.  Most of the sites, where geothermal energy is  There is no wastage or generation of produced, are far from markets or cities, where by-products. it needs to be consumed.  Geothermal energy can be used  Total generation potential of this source is too directly. In ancient times, people used small. this source of energy for heating  There is always a danger of eruption of volcano. homes, cooking, etc.  Installation cost of steam power plant is very  Maintenance cost of geothermal power high. plants is very less.  There is no guarantee that the amount of  Geothermal power plants don't occupy energy which is produced will justify the capital too much space and thus help in expenditure and operations costs. protecting natural environment.  It may release some harmful, poisonous gases  Unlike solar energy, it is not dependent that can escape through the holes drilled during on the weather conditions construction  BIOMASS  Biomass means all materials which come from living organisms. For instance, waste material of plants and animals, wood, agricultural wastes, dead parts of plants and animals.  Since all living organisms contain carbon compounds, biomass has energy stored in the form of chemical compounds.  The method of harnessing energy from each one of them could be different.  ADVANTAGES OF BIOMASS ENERGY DISADVANTAGES OF BIOMASS ENERGY  It’s a renewable source of energy and  Cost of construction of biogas plant is high, so comparatively lesser pollution only rich people can use it. generating energy.  Continuous supply of biomass is required to  Biomass energy helps in cleanliness in generate biomass energy. villages and cities and provides manure  Biogas plant requires space and produces dirty for the agriculture and gardens. smell.  Biomass energy is relatively cheaper  Due to improper construction many biogas and reliable. plants are working inefficiently.  It can be generated from everyday  It is difficult to store biogas in cylinders. human and animal wastes, vegetable  Transportation of biogas through pipe over long and agriculture left-over etc. distances is difficult.  Recycling of waste reduces pollution  Crops which are used to produce biomass and spread of diseases. energy are seasonal  Growing biomass crops use up carbon dioxide and produces oxygen.  HYDRO POWER ENERGY  Hydropower or hydroelectricity refers to the conversion of energy from flowing water into electricity.  It is considered a renewable energy source because the water cycle is constantly renewed by the sun ADVANTAGES OF HYDRO POWER ENERGY  Hydropower is fueled by water, so it's a clean fuel source.  Hydropower doesn't DIS ADVANTAGES OF HYDRO POWER ENERGY pollute the air like power plants  Fish populations can be impacted if fish cannot that burn fossil fuels migrate  Hydropower relies on the water cycle,  Hydropower can impact water quality and flow. which is driven by the sun, thus it's a  Hydropower plants can cause low dissolved renewable power source. oxygen levels in the water, a  Hydropower is generally available as problem that is harmful to riparian needed; engineers can control the flow (riverbank) habitats of  Maintaining minimum flows of water downstrea water through the turbines to produce m of a hydropower electricity on demand. installation is also critical for the survival of ripar  Impoundment ian habitats. hydropower creates reservoirs that offe  Hydropower plants can be impacted by drought r a variety of recreational opportunities notably fishing, swimming, and boating. Application of Concept/ Examples in real life: Link to YouTube/ OER/ video: Key Take away from this UO: Students can List advantages and disadvantages of various energy forms  MSBTEs Study Material : : : : : Key words Learning Objective: Diagram/ Picture Global Use, UO 2e: Select appropriate solutions of efficient Global demand, use of energy. Conservation Key Questions: Concept Map: What is PresentGlobal Energy Energy use? Sources What are Global energy Energy future demands? Strategies Present For Global What are the Energy Sustainable Energy use World Strategies For A Sustainable World? Global Energy energy conservatio future n demands Explanation of Concept: Key Definitions/ Formulas: Present Global Energy use:- Energy consumption in developing countries is onlyone-tenth of that in the developed countries. Coal and natural gas were the most used energy fuels for generating electricity. The world's electricity consumption was 18,608 TWh in 2012. In 2018 the total world energy came from 64% fossil fuels, 10 % nuclear and 10 % renewable (hydro, wind, solar, geothermal). Global energy future demands 3. Demand of Natural gas Global energy future demands It has been the energy source with ► World primary energy demand increase by highest rates of growth in recent years. 1.6% per year on an average. Consumption of gas has increased to ► The Energy Information Administration (EIA) 22%. recently released it latest International Energy 4. Demand of Renewables: Outlook (IEO), its forecast from 2012 out to The demand for renewable energy wills 2040 is as follows: more than double by 2040, largely 1. Demand of Oil backing out coal. is the most important and most highly Hydroelectric power will remain the consumed source of energy in the world. largest single source of renewable Demand of oil rise from 85 million barrel per energy, accounting for about half of day to 106 mb. renewable electricity output in 2040. Developed industrialized countries consume 43 5. Demand of Nuclear power: million barrels daily on an average while Nuclear power is forecast to grow 87%. developing countries consume only 22 million Its overall share of demand, however, is barrels. expected to move from a bit more than 2. Demand of Coal 4% in 2012 to not quite 6% in 2040. It is the second most abundant source of 6. Demand of other energy sources energy in the world and is highly used in power World electricity demand increase at a generation. rate of 2.5%. Coal ranks quite low in terms of consumption. Transportation energy Its demand increases to 26 % consumption increases by nearly 40% https://www.globalenergyinstitute.org/future-global- between 2018 and 2050 energy-demand-and-away  Energy conservation Energy conservation ► WHY TO CONSERVE IT ? We save our money when we save energy. We have limited resources available on earth and our demands are continuously increasing day by day. It is possible that someday most of the non- renewable resources will be exhausted hence it is necessary to save non-renewable energy resources. Energy conservation increases national, personal and financial security. We reduce pollution when we save energy What We Can Do at Personal Level? ► At Home We should not keep lights unnecessarily switched on. Reduce the energy your appliances consume by analysing star ratings. Improve your water heating efficiency to reduce energy costs. ► At Public Places Switch off the fans and lights in the places like bus terminal and railway stations when not necessary. Switch off the street lights. Big Hoardings, lightened up for the whole evening and nights are other wastage of power which can be and should be avoided Solved word Problem: Energy Strategies For A SustainableWorld What We Can Do at Global Level? ► Medium-term strategy: Energy Strategies For A SustainableWorld Answers of above Demand management through conservation of ► Necessary condition for socio-economic change questions are covered energy, structural changes in economy, model to lead to a sustainable world must include: in study material. mix in transportation sector, recycling Satisfaction of basic needs of the peoples A shift to less energy-intensive modes of Economic viability transport Self-reliant interdependence of nations Shift to renewable sources of energy. Harmony with the environment ► Long – term strategy ► Energy strategies for future can be classified as: Efficient generation of energy resources. 1. Immediate Improving energy infrastructure 2. Mid-term Creation of urban gas transmission and 3. Long term distribution network. Improving energy efficiency in accordance with ► Immediate term strategy: national,socio-economic & environmental Optimum utilization of existing assets. priorities. Efficiency in production system & reduction in Promoting of energy efficiency & emission distribution losses. standards. Promoting R&D, transfer and use of technologies Programs for adopting energy efficient forenvironmentally sound energy systems. technologies in large industries. Rationalizing Tariff structure of all energy Deregulation and privatization of energy sector products. Streamlining approval process for attracting private sector participation in power generation, transmission & distribution. Application of Concept/ Examples in real life: Link to YouTube/ OER/ video: Key Take away from this UO: Knowledge about Global use and future demand of energy Understand about various methods of energy conservation