Blood Transfusion Guide PDF

BLOOD Blood Products -Whole blood TRANSFUSION -Packed red blood cells (PRBC)...

BLOOD Blood Products -Whole blood TRANSFUSION -Packed red blood cells (PRBC) -Autologous and blood cells -Fresh frozen plasma Introduction of whole blood or blood components into -Platelets venous circulation. -Albumin Replace blood components to restore the blood’s ability -Cryoprecipitate to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide, clot, fight -Plasma protein factor infection, and keep extracellular fluid within the intravascular compartment. Purpose of Blood Transfusion (BT) -To restore blood volume -To restore the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. -To administer required blood component by the patient Blood groups Transfusion Reactions Blood Rh Factor Blood Typing and Crossmatching BLOOD TYPING -determines the presence of the ABO and Rh antigens CROSSMATCHING -Identify possible interactions of minor antigens with corresponding antibodies Blood Transfusion Equipment -Blood product -PNSS -BT set (Y set) -IV catheters and needles -Clean gloves and alcohol swab -IV pole -Infusion pump (optional) Administering Blood Transfusion -Assess the client’s: -Vital signs -Physical examination (fluid balance, heart and lung sounds, signs of hypo or hypervolemia, status of infusion site, blood test results) -Unusual symptoms -Number and type of units -Desired speed of infusion -Pre-medications ordered -Patient’s consent Prepare the Patient 1. Check ongoing IVF/ IV catheter 2. Perform hand hygiene 3. Prepare the infusion equipment 4. Apply gloves 5. Close all clamps on Y-set Prepare the blood bag 6. Spike into the saline solution -Invert the bag gently several times to mix 7. Hang on the IV pole the cells with plasma 8. Open the upper clamp on the saline -Expose the port on the bag and spike the remaining Y- solution and squeeze the drip chamber until it set into bag covers the filter and about 1/3 above the filter. -Hang on the IV pole 9. Prime the tubing -Establish the blood transfusion 10. Connect to client -Close the upper clamp below the saline solution and 11. Start the saline solution open the upper clamp below the blood bag below the saline solution and open the upper clamp below the Obtain the correct blood component from the blood bag. blood bank. Check for: -Readjust the flow rate with the main clamp. 1. Doctor’s order with requisition 2. Requisition form and blood bag label (Laboratory -Remove and discard gloves technician) –client’s name, ID #, blood type & Rh, -Perform hand hygiene blood donor #, and expiration date Verify doctor’s -Observe the client closely for the first 15 minutes (initial order, transfusion consent form, flow rate: 1-2ml/min) client identification, blood unit identification, *Assess for transfusion reaction blood type, expiration date, compatibility, and *Check VS after the initial 15 mins appearance (with another nurse) -After 15 mins, adjust the flow rate into the computed 3. If information does not match, notify charge rate if no reactions were observed nurse and blood bank. 4. Sign appropriate form with another nurse -Terminate the transfusion once blood is fully infused. Make sure the blood is left at room temperature -Flushed with saline solution. for no more than 30 minutes before starting -Document the procedure and relevant data transfusion. *Date & time procedure started, VS *Type of blood, blood unit number, sequence number, site of venipuncture, size of IV catheter, and flow rate *Date & time of completion of transfusion, amount of blood absorbed, blood unit number, VS *If saline solution was continued, record connecting it. *Record transfusion on the IV flow sheet and I & O record