205 ppt.pptx

Swami Vivekanand College Of Education Bachelor of Education 2ndst Year Course 205 - Information and Communication Technology Practical - Prepare a Multimedia Presentation on ICT unit TOPIC: Introduction to basic...

Swami Vivekanand College Of Education Bachelor of Education 2ndst Year Course 205 - Information and Communication Technology Practical - Prepare a Multimedia Presentation on ICT unit TOPIC: Introduction to basic programming, Generation of Programming Language, Introduction Professor to c programming - in - charge Submitted by Deepti Chauhan Anija P  CONTENTS 1. Orientation 9. Third Generation of Programming 2. Acknowledgement Language 3. Introduction 10. Fourth Generation of Programming 4. Introduction to Programming Language Language 11. Fifth Generation of Programming 5. Features of Programming Language Language 13. 6. Generations of Programming Languages 7. First Generation of Programming Language 8. Second Generation of Programming Language  Orientation The orientation class for the "205: ICT" course in college was conducted by Deepti Chauhan Mam on.It was an introductory session designed to familiarize students with the course structure, objectives, and expectations. The instructor provided an overview of the key topics, including basic programming concepts, the evolution of programming languages, and an introduction to C programming. Students were informed about the importance of ICT in education, the role of programming skills in the  ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I Anija P, student of B.Ed 2nd Year of Institute of Science, Poona’s Swami Vivekanand College Of Education, Wakad, Pune -57, deeply acknowledge Savitribai Phule Pune University, for incorporating the Course 205: ICT. I deeply acknowledge my Professor - in - charge Deepti Chauhan Mam for her valuable guidance. I also like to thank all the professors who helped me with this practical. I would also like to thank everyone who helped me complete  INTRODUCTION  Information and Communication Technology (ICT) refers to the  It integration encompasses the use of computers, of technology in managing software, and networks,information. processing and other digital tools to collect, store, process, and communicate  ICT plays a crucial role in education, business, information efficiently. healthcare, and almost every aspect of modern life, enabling faster communication, improved access to information,  The course focuses on understanding the and fundamental automation of tasks. concepts of ICT, including programming, to equip student INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE  A programming language is a formal language used to write instructions that a computer can execute  It provides the syntax and semantics to create software programs, applications, and algorithms.  Programming languages are essential tools for developing software, automating tasks, and solving complex problems across various domains.  FEATURES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES Readability Simplicity Code should be easy to read and A good language should have a straight understand, with clear syntax and forward and minimalistic design, structure. avoiding unnecessary complexity. Features of Good Programming Language Efficiency Portability The language should allow for the Programs written in the language should development of programs that run be easily efficiently transferable across different platforms in terms of both speed and memory and  FEATURES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES Reliability Extensibility The language should enable the A good language should allow for the development of addition of new features and robust programs that function correctly functionalities as needed, either through under libraries or frameworks. various conditions.. Features of Good Programming Language Support for Abstraction Comprehensive Standard Library The language should provide A rich set of built-in functions and tools mechanisms for that aid in common programming tasks, defining complex operations in a reducing the need to "reinvent the simplified wheel." GENERATION OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES FIFTH GENERATION 5 Prolog, LISP FOURTH 4 GENERATION SQL, MATLAB THIRD GENERATION 3 C, C++, Java SECOND 2 GENERATION Assembly Code FIRST 1 GENERATION Machine Language, Binary Code www.free-ppt-templates-  FIRST GENERATION PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE Definition Machine languages written in binary code (0s and 1s). Directly executed by a computer's CPU without Merits: translation. Demerits: Extremely fast and efficient  Difficult and error-prone for for humans to write and hardware. understand. Direct communication with  Requires detailed knowledge the of computer's processor. computer architecture. No need for a compiler or  Non-portable: code is specific interpreter. to each machine. Examples ENIAC's Machine Code, IBM 701 Machine Language, UNIVAC I Machine Language  SECOND GENERATION PROGRAMMING Definition: LANGUAGE Assembly languages that use symbolic names and mnemonics to represent machine code instructions. Requires an assembler to convert symbolic code into machine code. Merits: Demerits: More readable and Still requires knowledge of understandable than hardware architecture. machine code. Less portable than high-level Easier to write and languages; specific to each debug machine’s architecture. compared to 1GL. More complex than high-level Provides some languages for large-scale abstraction programming. from hardware details. Examples: x86 Assembly Language, MIPS Assembly Language, IBM System/360 Assembly Language  THIRD GENERATION PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE Definition:  High-level programming languages that are closer to human language and abstracted from hardware details.  Requires a compiler or interpreter to translate code into machine language. Examples: C, FORTRAN, Pascal, BASIC, Java Merits: Demerits:  Easier to write, read, and  Less control over hardware compared maintain to than 1GL and 2GL. lower-level languages.  More portable across different  May introduce some performance computer systems. overhead  Supports complex data due to abstraction. structures  Requires understanding of additional and algorithms.  FOURTH GENERATION PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE Definition:  High-level languages designed to be closer to natural language and more user-friendly.  Focused on reducing programming effort and speeding up development, often used for database querying, report Characteristics: generation, and GUI development.  Domain-Specific: Tailored for specific applications like databases, reporting, and data analysis.  Declarative Style: Often focuses on what needs to be done, not how to do it (e.g., SQL queries).  High-Level Abstraction: Provides tools and commands that are more abstract and closer to human language.  Minimal Coding Required: Emphasizes rapid Merits:  Highly efficient for specific tasks like database management and reporting.  Easier and faster to develop applications, with minimal code.  Reduces the complexity of software development, allowing focus on solving business problems. Demerits:  Less flexible for general-purpose programming.  May have performance limitations compared to 3GLs.  Often requires specific environments or platforms, reducing portability. Examples: SQL (Structured Query Language), MATLAB, SAS, Oracle FIFTH GENERATION PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE Definition:  Languages designed for solving problems using constraints and logic, often used in artificial intelligence (AI) and expert systems.  Focuses on making the computer solve problems by providing the desired outcomes rather than explicit instructions. Characteristics:  Logic-Based: Uses logic and constraints rather than sequential instructions.  AI and Problem-Solving Focused: Designed for AI, machine learning, and knowledge- based systems.  High-Level Abstraction: Allows users to specify  Merits:  Ideal for AI applications and complex problem-solving.  Reduces the need for detailed procedural coding.  Facilitates the development of intelligent systems that can reason and learn. Demerits:  Less control over the exact execution process.  Can be more complex to understand and implement.  Limited to specific domains; not suitable for general-purpose programming. Examples: Prolog, LISP (in AI contexts), Mercury, OPS5 INTRODUCTION TO BASIC PROGRAMMING ⋙ BASIC stands for Beginner's All- purpose Symbolic Instruction Code, a programming ⋙ Invented in 1964 by John G. Kemeny and language designed for simplicity. Thomas E. Kurtz at Dartmouth College. ⋙ Created to make programming accessible to students and beginners. ⋙ BASIC introduced many to the world of coding leading to widespread use in early personal ⋙ It's known for its simple syntax and ease computers. of learning, serving as a foundation for many programmers.  SYNTAX OF BASIC PROGRAMMING Line Numbers: Each statement is typically preceded by a line number (e.g., 10 PRINT "Hello"). Line number should be a positive integer and no two statements shall have same line number Usually the line numbers are in the multiples Keywords: of 10. Commands like PRINT, INPUT, GOTO, and IF...THEN are used for basic operations. END: Variables: Variable names are short, often a single letter Program should always end with END or word, command and must start with a letter (e.g., A = 5). Strings: Enclosed in double quotes (e.g., PRINT "Hello, World!").  INTRODUCTION TO C PROGRAMMING Introduction:  C is a powerful, general-purpose programming language developed for system and application software.  Widely used for developing operating systems, embedded systems, and applications requiring high performance. History of C Programming:  Developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs in 1972 as a successor to the B language.  Originally created for developing the UNIX operating system, making C foundational in modern computing.  C has influenced many subsequent languages, including C++, Java, and C#.  It remains widely used and foundational in computer science  FEATURES OF C PROGRAMMING Case Sensitive PORTABILITY Can differentiate the Code written in C can be character is either upper run on different machines case or lower case with minimal or no compactness modification. Contains only Modularity handful reserve Supports functions, words enabling code reuse increasing and organization the into modules. functionality of the program Flexibility Extensibility Allows manipulation of bits, Can be extended bytes, and memory, giving with custom programmers control over libraries and Speed hardware. functions to meet Compiles into specific needs. efficient machine code,  MERITS AND DEMERITS OF C PROGRAMMING Code can run on various platforms Lacks support for modern with minimal modifications programming paradigms like object-oriented programming (OOP). DEMERITS Produces optimized machine code Lacks mechanisms for handling MERITS for fast execution and high runtime performance errors, complicating error management. C does not require an OS. It can run Does not provide automatic independently on any OS memory management, placing the burden of memory handling on the programmer. Encourages code reuse and Involves detailed knowledge of organization system through functions and libraries. architecture, making it challenging for  ANY QUESTIONS? LET’S Test Your Knowledge  What is a key characteristic of first- generation programming languages? A) Require an assembler for conversion B) Use symbolic names and mnemonics C) Written in binary code D) Provide abstraction from hardware details Which of the following is a merit of second- generation programming languages? A) Extremely fast and efficient for hardware B) Direct communication with the computer's processor C) More readable and understandable than machine  Click icon to add picture Title text block & Tablet project Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. 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