AP U.S. History Past Paper PDF 1844-1877 Unit Test

## AP U.S. History - Period 5: 1844-1877 Unit Test ### Part 1 - Reading Comprehension 1. Which would **NOT** accurately describe Native American societies upon European contact? - a. Native American societies were diverse, complex societies, highly adapted to their environments. - b. Nativ...

## AP U.S. History - Period 5: 1844-1877 Unit Test ### Part 1 - Reading Comprehension 1. Which would **NOT** accurately describe Native American societies upon European contact? - a. Native American societies were diverse, complex societies, highly adapted to their environments. - b. Native societies were on the brink of collapse from tribal wars. - c. Native societies possessed extensive trade networks. - d. Native societies developed rich artistic traditions and religious traditions. 2. The reason for founding the Southern colonies led to - a. conflict between Southern Colonies based on religious differences - b. a distrust of Southern Colonies by English merchants - c. an inability of Southern governors to regulate trade within the colonies - d. an African majority of the population in some colonies due to increased slave use 3. The difference in slave populations depicted in the graphs most directly resulted from differences in - a. climate and geographic conditions for cash crop agriculture - b. The degree of participation in the Atlantic economy - c. colonial relationships with American Indians - d. structures of British imperial control 4. The demographics of the lower South colonies in 1750 most directly contributed to which of the following conditions for enslaved people? - a. Frequent conversion to evangelical Christianity - b. Widespread opportunities for literacy - c. Extensive apprenticeships in skilled trades - d. Relative autonomy to preserve and adapt African traditions 5. The event depicted in the illustration was a direct result of the - a. Middle Passage - b. widespread malnutrition - c. the Columbian Exchange - d. Bubonic Plague 6. Which of the following is a direct consequence of the decreased Native American population? - a. There was an increased population of mixed raced children - b. The Spaniards were able to dominate the African continent. - c. There were less goods produced for trade. - d. The Europeans brought African slaves to the New World. 7. How might the illustration tell of the experience of indigenous peoples during European exploration? - a. Indigenous people endured disease and death spread from explorers. - b. Explorers educated many by way of the Christian faith. - c. Natives spent much time finding remedies to common illnesses. - d. Europeans opened a window of opportunity for the discovery of many native diseases. 8. The views expressed by Vespucci in the excerpt most directly reflect which of the following: - a. A belief among Spanish colonizers that they were more civilized. - b. The benefits brought about by the Columbian Exchange. - c. The competition between Spanish and English colonizers. - d. The devastating impact of the spread of deadly diseases. 9. The above proclamation by George Washington showed the: - a. limits of the federal government in handling uprisings - b. power of the state governments under the Articles of Confederation - c. strength of the federal government under the Constitution - d. unwillingness of people to give up their unalienable rights 10. Why would George Washington not have the power to make this proclamation under the previous government? - a. Only the king could call the militia to arms. - b. There was no executive branch under the previous government. - c. Generals, such as Washington, had power only over federal troops, not militias. - d. The Constitution did not give the president control over the military. 11. According to the excerpt above, John Dickinson was influenced by which of the following developments in the 1700s? - a. ideas from the First Great Awakening - b. the Enlightenment ideas of John Locke - c. expansion of the abolitionist movement in Pennsylvania - d. the emergence of Protestant evangelism in the colonies 12. Which provision of the Constitution best exemplifies Hall's argument in the excerpt? - a. Elastic Clause - b. New Jersey Plan - c. Great Compromise - d. Three-Fifths Clause 13. Following the Treaty of Paris in 1763, one of the biggest concerns of the British regarding North America was - a. creating a lasting peace with the French still residing in their new land acquisitions - b. settling the newly acquired lands to establish commerce with Indians - c. preventing westward expansion to mend relations with natives previously allied with the French. - d. establishing governments that could control French Quebec and Spanish Florida 14. President Monroe articulated the Monroe Doctrine in his 1823 address to Congress primarily in order to - a. respond positively to the recent Latin American revolutions - b. rule out U.S. involvement in Latin America - c. warn European nations against further colonial ventures in the Western Hemisphere - d. provide a rationale for U.S. intervention in the Isthmus of Panama 15. Which of the following antebellum-era historical developments most conflicted with the goals of Democratic (Jeffersonian) Republicans as outlined in the excerpt above? - a. the nation's transformation toward a more participatory democracy - b. the emergence of a new international culture - c. the acceleration of a national and international economy - d. the growth of northern industry and regional economic specialization 16. When Thomas Jefferson said," We are all republicans - we are all federalist," he meant that - a. The principles of American government were above party politics - b. Americans would never ally themselves with monarchial governments - c. The two party platforms were identical - d. Federalist would be appointed to his cabinet 17. All of the following accurately describe Jefferson's purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France EXCEPT: - a. it opened the Mississippi River permanently to western farmers - b. it ended the threat of American Indian raids on Western settlements - c. it was made possible by the failure of Napoleon's forces to suppress a slave revolt in Haiti - d. it violated Jefferson's own views concerning the strict construction of the Constitution 18. The Louisiana Purchase was significant because it: - a. eliminated Spain from the North American continent - b. eased tensions between western settlers and the American Indians - c. gave the U.S. control of the Mississippi River - d. reduced sectional conflict over the slavery issue 19. Which of the following issues best reflected Jackson's abuses of executive power? - a. Passage of the Force Bill to prevent South Carolina's secession - b. the economic depression that Van Buren's presidency was forced to resolve - c. his refusal to uphold certain Supreme Court rulings, ie the Indian Removal Act - d. his infrequent use of the veto power 20. Andrew Jackson supported all of the following EXCEPT: - a. Indian removal - b. The right of Nullification - c. The removal of Federal deposits from the Bank of the United States - d. Use of the presidential veto power 21. Which of the following resulted from the Supreme Court case *Marbury v. Madison*? - a. Limited Presidential control of foreign policy - b. Advanced civil rights for minorities - c. The constitutionality of a national bank - d. The power of judicial review 22. What was the result of many of the Supreme Court decisions made under Chief Justice John Marshall between 1801 and 1835? - a. The strengthening of states' rights. - b. The strengthening of the federal government. - c. The strengthening of labor unions. - d. The reinforcement of women's rights. 23. South Carolina's Ordinance of Nullification most directly challenged which of the following ideas from *McCulloch v. Maryland*? - a. Strict construction of the Constitution - b. Loose construction of the Constitution - c. The supremacy of federal law - d. The power of judicial review 24. The ideas expressed in the excerpt most directly challenged the prevailing ideal in the early nineteenth century that - a. women should enjoy full and equal rights with men - b. women should focus on the home and the domestic sphere - c. the ability of women to earn wages was a positive development - d. women should educate their children about the rights and responsibilities of citizenship 25. Which of the following was the most immediate result of the above excerpt? - a. Female factory workers' wages increased and working hours shortened. - b. An increasing number of women were recruited by factory operators to produce goods for distant markets - c. A smooth transition from a domestic lifestyle to the nature of factory work. - d. Equal treatment of factory workers in regards to gender 26. In the 1840s, Manifest Destiny was considered by expansionists to be - a. the motto of the railroad companies as they pushed across the United States. - b. the progression of treaties establishing reservations for Native Americans. - c. the natural fulfillment of progress by the United States. - d. the defiance of God's will to maintain a western boundary at the Mississippi River for the United States. 27. Western progression was led by: - a. various forms of transportation including rail, stage, and covered wagon. - b. the Mormon angel, Gabriel. - c. a unified group of airlines that monopolized expansion. - d. Native Americans who knew and understood the land. 28. Which of the following was a direct effect of the trend in the mid-19th century shown in the image above? - a. Debates over the population requirements for state entrance into the Union - b. Controversy over the preservation of land and natural resources - c. Controversy over allowing or forbidding slavery in newly acquired territories - d. Immigration debates over which nationalities should be allowed into the United States 29. Which of the following most directly led to the increase shown in the chart? - a. The banning of the slave trade in 1808 - b. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 - c. The decreasing competition in worldwide cotton production - d. The use of slavery in Midwestern food farming 30. The trend indicated in the chart would most directly lead to - a. Increasing sectional or regional differences - b. Increasing industry in the south - c. Stagnation westward migration - d. Decreasing industry in the north 31. The trend indicated in the chart had what effect on the abolition movement? - a. It led to the abandonment of gradualism and the embrace of active anti-slavery tactics - b. It led to the abandonment of active anti-slavery tactics and the embrace of gradualism - c. It led to the deportation of millions of slaves to Liberia - d. It led to abolitionists abandoning their cause in the face of increasing numbers of slaves 32. The excerpt above was most likely a response to which of the following? - a. The outlawing of the international slave trade - b. The abolitionist criticism of the treatment of slaves in the South - c. The creation of free African American communities - d. The formation of a temporary national truce over the issue of slavery 33. By the eve of the Civil War, sentiments such as those expressed in the excerpt above most clearly formed the basis for - a. the Southern defense of slavery as a positive good. - b. Southern arguments in favor of states' rights. - c. abolitionist campaigns to end slavery in the United States. - d. the Southern political theory of nullification. 34. The above opinion is a response to which Supreme Court case? - a. Plessy v Ferguson - b. Amistad - c. Marbury v Madison - d. Dred Scott v Sanford 35. Based on the above excerpt, what can be concluded about the political status of individuals not considered free persons? - a. Citizenship can be gained over time. - b. These individuals are considered property. - c. These individuals already have the same rights as citizens. - d. Their rights depend on location within the United States. 36. Which of the following was a long term result of the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment? - a. Great increase of civil rights and liberties for American minorities. - b. Halted American expansionism efforts. - c. Increased immigration into America from European nations. - d. Guaranteed the success of Reconstruction in the South. 37. What limited the effectiveness of the Fourteenth Amendment in providing equal protection and citizenship rights? - a. The ineffectiveness of the Lincoln Administration. - b. The lack of minority interest for the amendment. - c. Objection from the women's right movement. - d. Local political tactics and Supreme Court decisions. 38. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Reconstruction Amendments drew great criticism from the women's right movement because they - a. Denied voting rights to new immigrants. - b. Granted civil and voting rights to freedmen but denied those rights to all women. - c. Did not grant civil and voting rights to all African Americans. - d. Ended slavery in America. 39. What does this indicate about Abraham Lincoln as a politician? - a. He was inflexible to new ideas. - b. He advocated extreme policies. - c. He was practical and goal-oriented. - d. He was always highly devoted toward emancipation at all costs. 40. Which word best describes Lincoln's original plan for Reconstruction, which Johnson largely followed? - a. Neutral - b. Aggressive - c. Lenient - d. Balanced 41. The ideas expressed in the passage above most clearly show the influence of which of the following? - a. The principles of the checks and balances system - b. The use of states' rights for the defense of slavery - c. Resistance to initiatives for democracy and inclusion - d. Public debates about how to set national goals and priorities 42. The sentiments expressed in the excerpt above were most directly a result of which of the following? - a. The end of the second party system - b. The election of Lincoln in 1860 - c. The secession of the Southern states from the Union - d. The highly visible campaign of abolitionists against slavery 43. The passage above best serves as evidence of which of the following? - a. A resounding Union victory in the Civil War - b. The mobilization of the Union economy and society to wage the war - c. The changing purpose of the Civil War - d. Unresolved questions about the power of the federal government and citizenship right 44. Weyman wrote this poem in response to - a. increased demand for slaves to work in the growth of factories developing in newly acquired territories - b. the support of the newly elected Congressional leaders who promoted abolition - c. court rulings that allowed for the gradual emancipation of all slaves in the western territories - d. legislation that provided for popular sovereignty in the territory of Kansas 45. Which of the following actions of the Lincoln administration best exemplified the belief expressed in the quotation above? - a. The decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation - b. The waging of war even while facing considerable home front opposition - c. The altering of the power relationships between states and the federal government - d. Their efforts to prevent the Confederacy from gaining diplomatic support from European power 46. Which 19th-century group would most likely oppose the regulations in the legislation above? - a. New international migrants - b. The State Supreme Court of Louisiana - c. Republican Party members - d. Supporters of Social Darwinism 47. The excerpt from the Louisiana Black Code is best understood in the context of - a. a Northern idea of American identity. - b. altered power relationships between the states and the federal government after the post-Civil War. - c. the temporary rearrangement of relationships between white and black people in the South. - d. Southern resistance to Radical Republicans' efforts to change Southern attitudes. 48. Rable would most likely agree with which of the following claims? - a. The North achieved its aims for Reconstruction. - b. Federal policy during Reconstruction was inconsistent. - c. Southern resistance hindered Reconstruction. - d. Republicans dominated the South after Reconstruction. 49. After 1863, which of the following most fulfilled the "new birth of freedom" that the excerpt refers to? - a. The compromise that resolved the election of 1876 - b. Establishment of the Ku Klux Klan and similar organizations - c. Ratification of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments - d. Supreme Court rulings such as *Plessy v. Ferguson* 50. The document is most clearly an example of which of the following developments of the Reconstruction Era? - a. The continued political conflict over the status of Southern blacks - b. The election of African Americans to U.S. Congress - c. The rise of the Ku Klux Klan - d. The growth of corporations and industrialism in the North