2024 Y1 Science [Unit 1].gdoc

What is Science? - The study of the natural world - Behaviors of living things, different properties of different materials, how one part of the body affects another, explain natural phenomenons - Science is everywhere! Nature of Scientific Knowledge: - Evidence-based...

What is Science? - The study of the natural world - Behaviors of living things, different properties of different materials, how one part of the body affects another, explain natural phenomenons - Science is everywhere! Nature of Scientific Knowledge: - Evidence-based - Scientific knowledge is constructed through observations and data analysis to look for patterns and trends - Subject to multiple interpretations The Bunsen Burner - Named after the German scientist Robert Bunsen. - The gas burner was actually invented by the English scientist Michael Faraday but improved by Bunsen in 1855. Types of Bunsen Burner Flames Luminous Flame Non-Luminous Flame Strike-Back Flame Air hole is closed Air hole is opened (partially) Air holes are opened too widely/Opened before lighting the flame Yellowish/Orange flame Bluish flame with a light blue Green flame inner cone Flickering/Unstable Stable/Steady Produces a loud noise With too little air entering the There is sufficient air entering With too much air, the flame air hole, the gas mixture will the air hole and the gas burns inside the tube, striking not burn completely mixture burns completely back. (incomplete combustion) and (complete combustion). will form tiny carbon particles that are heated to glowing, making the flame luminous Soot/Carbon is produced No soot/carbon is produced - Less hot Very hot The barrel is extremely hot. Tabulation of Data 1. Title 2. Column Headings 3. Independent Variable 4. Dependent Variable 5. Derived Quantity (Average) 6. Accuracy and Precision of values The effect of __ (independent variable) on __ (dependent variable) Independent V1/unit V2/unit Vave/unit Derived Var./unit Quantity/unit Accuracy, Precision, Errors Accuracy: - How close the value is to the accepted/correct value - How correct a measurement or calculation is - Dependent on the amount of errors made Precision: - How close the results are to each other - How easily the results can be reproduced - Dependent on the definition/markings of the measuring instrument (precision of the instrument) Types of Errors: - Systematic errors: Errors that are consistent (Zero error, etc.) - Random errors: Errors that are unpredictable (Human reaction time error, recall errors, etc.) Systematic Error Random Error Occurs systematically — has a pattern to it Occurs randomly — has no pattern and is and can be predicted unpredictable Can be prevented Cannot be prevented but can be deducted Both will affect the accuracy and precision of results Both errors may occur in scientific experiments and should try to be avoided or reduced Answering Techniques: 1. How is a Bunsen flame produced? Oxygen supports burning. A Bunsen flame is produced when oxygen reacts with the flames and fuel, causing combustion, which leads to light and heat emitted. When the air hole is open, more oxygen can enter and react with the flame, causing complete combustion, producing no soot and carbon dioxide, which forms a non-luminous flame. When the air hold is closed, less oxygen enters, causing incomplete combustion, forming a luminous flame, and produces carbon monoxide and soot.