2024 DSE Geography Paper 1 PDF

## **GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1** ### **General Instructions** 1. This paper consists of THREE sections: - **Section A** consists of 20 multiple-choice questions. Answer ALL questions in this section. - **Section B** consists of an OPTIONAL fieldwork-based question (Question 1) and 4 data / skill-b...

## **GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1** ### **General Instructions** 1. This paper consists of THREE sections: - **Section A** consists of 20 multiple-choice questions. Answer ALL questions in this section. - **Section B** consists of an OPTIONAL fieldwork-based question (Question 1) and 4 data / skill-based structured questions (Questions 2 to 5). Attempt any THREE questions in this section. - **Section C** consists of 3 short essay questions (Questions 6 to 8). Attempt any ONE question in this section. 2. Draw sketch maps and diagrams to supply additional, relevant information when appropriate. 3. A map extract is provided and to be returned to the HKEAA at the end of the examination. 4. Answers to Section A should be marked on the Multiple-choice Answer Sheet. Answers to Sections B and C should be written in the Answer Book. In the Answer Book, start each question (not part of a question) on a new page. The Answer Sheet for Section A and the Answer Book for Sections B and C must be handed in separately at the end of the examination. ### **Instructions for Section A (Multiple-choice Questions)** 1. Read carefully the instructions on the Answer Sheet. After the announcement of the start of the examination, you should first stick a barcode label and insert the information required in the spaces provided. No extra time will be given for sticking on the barcode label after the 'Time is up' announcement. 2. When told to open this book, you should check that all the questions are there. Look for the words 'END OF SECTION A' after the last question. 3. All questions carry equal marks. 4. **ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS**. You are advised to use an HB pencil to mark all the answers on the Answer Sheet, so that wrong marks can be completely erased with a clean rubber. You must mark the answers clearly; otherwise, you will lose marks if the answers cannot be captured. 5. You should mark only **ONE** answer for each question. If you mark more than one answer, you will receive **NO MARKS** for that question. 6. No marks will be deducted for wrong answers. ### **Section A** **Refer to the map extract of Hong Kong (1:20 000) provided to answer Questions 1 to 6.** 1. Which of the following can be found in grid square 0476? - (1) slope - (2) post office - (3) clinic **A.** (1) and (2) only **B.** (1) and (3) only **C.** (2) and (3) only **D.** (1), (2) and (3) 2. The direction of country park management centre (057782) from signal station (069763) is approximately **A.** S32°E **B.** N32°W **C.** SSE **D.** 302° 3. The area of Shing Mun Valley Park in grid square 0477 is approximately **A.** 1 400 m² **B.** 0.04 km² **C.** 0.13 km² **D.** 3.4 km² 4. Which of the following drainage patterns is found in grid square 0581? **A.** dendritic drainage **B.** radial drainage **C.** rectangular drainage **D.** parallel drainage 5. Which of the following sites is/ are intervisible with spot height 393 (075798)? - (1) fire lookout (095814) - (2) spot height 314 (059795) - (3) trigonometric station 532 (076784) **A.** (2) only **B.** (1) and (3) only **C.** (2) and (3) only **D.** (1), (2) and (3) 6. Which of the following statements about grid square 0979 are correct? - (1) There is cultivated land located below 280 m. - (2) People can freely access Wong Chuk Yeung by cars. - (3) There is electricity supply. **A.** (1) and (2) only **B.** (1) and (3) only **C.** (2) and (3) only **D.** (1), (2) and (3) **Refer to the figure below to answer Questions 7 and 8. The figure shows different volcanic landform features.** | P | Q | R | |-----------------|--------|-----------------| | lava plateau | dyke | batholith | | laccolith | sill | dyke | | lava plateau | sill | laccolith | | laccolith | dyke | batholith | 7. Which of the following sets of labels P, Q and R is correct? 8. Which of the following comparisons between landform features X and Y is/are correct? | Landform feature X | Landform feature Y | |--------------------|---------------------| | on the crust surface | in the crust | | violent | weak | | magma | lava | **A.** (1) only **B.** (2) only **C.** (1) and (3) only **D.** (2) and (3) only **Refer to the figure below, which shows a section of coast.** 9. The prevailing wind direction of this area is **A.** south-west **B.** west **C.** north **D.** east **Refer to the photograph below, which shows coastal landform feature X.** 10. Which of the following are favourable factors for its formation? - (1) high wave energy - (2) steep offshore gradient - (3) presence of coral reefs **A.** (1) and (2) only **B.** (1) and (3) only **C.** (2) and (3) only **D.** (1), (2) and (3) 11. Which of the following explanations regarding the development of iron and steel industries in central and western China between the 1950s and the 1970s is correct? **A.** abundant water supply **B.** cheap sea transport **C.** large coalfields **D.** Reform and Opening-up policy 12. Which of the following manufacturing activities is raw material-oriented? **A.** bread making **B.** cheese making **C.** car manufacturing **D.** newspaper printing **Refer to the photograph below, which shows land use X in Hong Kong.** 13. Which of the following adverse social impacts is/are brought about by land use X? - (1) traffic congestion - (2) unpleasant view - (3) disruption of rural lifestyle **A.** (1) only **B.** (1) and (2) only **C.** (2) and (3) only **D.** (1), (2) and (3) 14. Which of the following measures are sustainable ways to improve air quality in Hong Kong? - (1) expansion of railway network - (2) reducing building height towards the coast - (3) requiring ocean-going vessels to use low-sulphur fuel **A.** (1) and (2) only **B.** (1) and (3) only **C.** (2) and (3) only **D.** (1), (2) and (3) **Refer to the table below, which shows the socio-economic conditions of Chad and the world in 2022.** | | Chad | The world | |--------------------|--------|------------| | Annual population growth rate (%) | 3.1 | 0.8 | | Literacy rate (%) | 27.3 | 87.0 | 15. With reference to the above conditions, which of the following are reasons for famine in Chad? - (1) increasing food demand - (2) low level of agricultural technology - (3) frequent warfare **A.** (1) and (2) only **B.** (1) and (3) only **C.** (2) and (3) only **D.** (1), (2) and (3) **Refer to the photograph below, which shows an agricultural activity in the Sahel.** 16. Which type(s) of agriculture can be seen in the photograph? - (1) non-sedentary farming - (2) extensive farming - (3) mixed farming **A.** (2) only **B.** (3) only **C.** (1) and (2) only **D.** (1) and (3) only **Refer to the photograph below, which shows an earthworm in a tropical rainforest.** 17. Which of the following statements about the earthworm is/ are correct? - (1) It is a producer. - (2) It obtains energy and nutrients from other organisms. - (3) It helps convert organic waste into inorganic substance. **A.** (3) only **B.** (1) and (2) only **C.** (2) and (3) only **D.** (1), (2) and (3) **Refer to the figure below, which shows the characteristics of a tropical rainforest.** 18. Which of the following sets of labels X, Y, and Z is correct? | X | Y | Z | |-----------------|-------------------|-------------------| | broad tree crown | continuous canopy | buttress roots | | high branching | narrow tree crown | buttress roots | | broad tree crown | continuous canopy | aerial roots | | high branching | narrow tree crown | aerial roots | 19. Which of the following is an adaptive measure to reduce the impact brought about by global warming? **A.** replacing old buildings with zero carbon buildings **B.** introducing new crop species which are more resistant to the extreme weather **C.** promoting the use of electric vehicles **D.** encouraging recycling 20. Which of the following are possible consequences caused by the rise of the global mean sea level? - (1) an increase in wave erosion - (2) the resettlement of the people who live in coastal lowlands - (3) higher frequency of tropical cyclones **A.** (1) and (2) only **B.** (1) and (3) only **C.** (2) and (3) only **D.** (1), (2) and (3) ### **Section B** **Answer ANY THREE questions from this section. Each question carries 18 marks.** 1. This fieldwork-based question is OPTIONAL. A class of students carried out a geography field study on the wind speed in an urban area. Figure la shows some guidelines for the field study. Table 1b shows the wind speed data collected at the sampling points. Figure 1c is the graphical representation of the collected data shown in Table 1b. #### **Field study topic** A comparison study of the impact of different building heights on wind speed #### **Field study area** A diagram of the field study area, with the following key: - Building height below 50m - Building height between 51m-100m - Building height above 100m - Road - Sampling point - Bus stop #### **Procedures of data collection** - Students are divided into 5 groups. - Each group chooses one sampling point close to a bus stop on their own. - Students use an anemometer to measure the wind speed of each sampling point at an interval of 15 minutes for one hour. - All groups would collect data at the sampling points at the same time. #### **Table 1b** A table with the following data: | Height of adjacent buildings | Above 100m | Above 100m | Above 100m | Below 50m | 0m | |----------------------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|------------|----| | 15:00 | 0.9 m/s | 1.0 m/s | 0.7 m/s | 2.5 m/s | 4.8 m/s | | 15:15 | 0.7 m/s | 1.1 m/s | 0.7 m/s | 4.0 m/s | 5.4 m/s | | 15:30 | 0.8 m/s | 1.0 m/s | 0.5 m/s | 3.4 m/s | 4.2 m/s | | 15:45 | 0.8 m/s | 0.9 m/s | 0.5 m/s | 2.9 m/s | 3.6 m/s | #### **Figure 1c** A bar graph showing the mean wind speed across three different building heights. **(a) Refer to Figure la. Describe and explain why the field study area is suitable for this geographical investigation.** **(b) Refer to Figure la.** **(i) Identify the sampling method in selecting the sampling points. Explain your answer.** **(ii) State the merits and demerits of the sampling method in (b)(i) in selecting the sampling points.** **(c) Refer to Table 1b and Figure 1c.** **(i) Describe how the collected data was processed and presented graphically as shown in Figure 1c.** **(ii) Draw a conclusion for the field study.** **(d) Refer to the Figure la and Table 1b. Suggest other primary data to be collected to enrich the wind speed study at the existing sampling points. Describe and explain how the data would be collected.** 2. **Figure 2a shows the major spatial distribution of tectonic landform X. Figure 2b shows the epicentres of earthquakes and the locations of some major cities in country Y. Table 2c shows the information regarding tectonic hazards which have occurred in country Y. Table 2d shows the actions taken by the government of country Y in response to the tectonic hazards in 2010.** #### **Figure 2a** A world map with tectonic landform X marked. #### **Figure 2b** A map of South America with earthquakes marked. #### **Table 2c** A table with data about earthquakes and tsunamis occurred in country Y. | Year of occurrence | Total death toll | Tsunami-related death toll | The magnitude (Richter Scale) | Depth of focus (km) | Time of occurrence (local time) | Highest wave height of tsunami (m) | |--------------------|-----------------|------------------------|------------------------------|-------------------|---------------------------------|-----------------------------------| | 2010 | 521 | 156 | 8.8 | 35 | 3:34 am | 29 | | 2014 | 7 | 0 | 8.2 | 20 | 8:46 pm | 4.6 | | 2015 | 15 | 0 | 8.3 | 22.4 | 7:54 pm | 4.5 | #### **Table 2d** A table outlining actions taken by the government in response to the tectonic hazards. | Year | Actions taken by the government | |--------------|--------------------------------------------------------------| | Since 2010 | Conducted larger-scale earthquake and tsunami evacuation drills regularly | | | Enhanced earthquake-resistant building standards | | | Increased the speed of real-time data transmission of tsunami buoy sensors | | | Increased the number of regional tsunami monitoring stations | **(a) Refer to Figures 2a and 2b.** **( i) Identify tectonic landform X.** **(ii) Draw a series of annotated diagrams to explain the formation of tectonic landform X in South America.** **(iii) Explain why earthquakes and tsunamis are common in country Y.** **(b) Refer to Figure 2b and Table 2c. Explain the high death toll of country Y in the 2010 tsunami.** **(c) Refer to Figure 2b, Table 2c and Table 2d. Discuss whether the actions taken by the government allow higher-density development along the coastal area of country Y.** 3. **Refer to the map extract (1:20 000) of Hong Kong, which shows part of Sha Tin district. Photograph 3a shows the river channel at site X (051800). Photograph 3b shows fluvial landform feature Y at 056805. Figure 3c shows the simplified map of a section of Shing Mun River in 1970.** #### **Photograph 3a** A photograph of a river channel. #### **Photograph 3b** A photograph of a fluvial landform feature. #### **Figure 3c** A simplified map of Shing Mun River. **(a) Refer to Photograph 3a and the map extract (1:20 000) of Hong Kong.** **(i) Identify the river course at site X.** **(ii) Describe the channel characteristics at site X. Support your answer with map and photo evidence.** **(b) Refer to Photograph 3b and the map extract (1:20 000) of Hong Kong. With reference to the characteristics of fluvial landform feature Y, why is it not appropriate for promoting water-friendly activities?** **(c) Refer to Figure 3c and the map extract (1:20 000) of Hong Kong.** **(i) Describe and explain how the section of Shing Mun River from S1 (0977) to S2 (1077) has been modified to prevent flooding.** **(ii) There is an increasing risk of severe flooding inHong Kong. Discuss whether building underground stormwater storage tanks is more appropriate than further channel modification to prevent the flooding of Shing Mun River.** 4. **Photograph 4a shows the landscape of the innovation district in Boston , the U.S.. Figure 4b shows information about Boston. Table 4c shows the information about the production and sales of smartphone company X. Table 4d shows the socio-economic information about India and the U.S. in 2022.** #### **Photograph 4a** A photograph of the innovation district in Boston. #### **Figure 4b** A map of Boston, with the following key: - Boston innovation district (with over 300 technology companies) - International airport - Highway - University with outstanding engineering and science faculties #### **Table 4c** A table outlining the production and sales of smartphone company X. | Component | Country | |-----------------|--------------| | (i) camera lens | Japan | | (ii) processor | The U.S. | | (iii) chip | The Netherlands | | Assembling process | India | | Share of sales revenue (%) | | | | The U.S. | Germany | China | India | | | 46 | 27 | 19 | 8 | #### **Table 4d** A table outlining the socio-economic information about India and the U.S. in 2022. | | India | The U.S. | |----------------------|--------|----------| | Population (billion) | 1.4 | 0.3 | | Population with tertiary education (%) | 12.9 | 50.0 | | GDP growth rate (%) | 7 | 2 | | GDP per capita (USD) | 2 390 | 75 260 | | Average hourly wages in manufacturing sector (USD) | 2.7 | 26.2 | | Government policy since 2018 | Refined labour protection laws | Reduced corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% | **(a) Refer to Photograph 4a. Describe the industrial landscape of the innovation district.** **(b) Refer to Figure 4b. Apart from the industrial landscape in (a), account for the locational factors that attract company X to set up its headquarters in the innovation district. Support your answer with evidence.** **(c) Refer to Table 4c. With reference to the characteristics of the components, explain why different components are produced in different countries.** **(d) Company X has decided to adopt a higher level of automation in the assembling process. Refer to Tables 4c and 4d. Discuss whether company X will relocate the assembling process back to the U.S..** 5. **Table 5a shows the area of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon between 2012 and 2020. Figure 5b shows the number of cattle and the amount of beef exports in Brazil between 2012 and 2020. Figure 5c shows cattle ranching activities in the Brazilian Amazon.** #### **Table 5a** | Year | Area of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon (km²) | |------|----------------------------------------------------| | 2012 | 4 571 | | 2014 | 5 012 | | 2016 | 7 893 | | 2018 | 7 536 | | 2020 | 10 951 | #### **Figure 5b** A bar graph showing the number of cattle and the amount of beef exports between 2012 and 2020. #### **Figure 5c** Two photographs depicting deforestation and cattle ranching. **(a) Refer to Table 5a and Figure 5b.** **(i) Calculate the overall percentage change regarding the area of deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon between 2012 and 2020. Describe the trend.** **(ii) Explain the trend in (a)(i).** **(b) Refer to Figure 5c. Explain the impact of cattle ranching on** **(i) the soil in both the short term and the long term, and** **(ii) the food chain in the deforested area.** **(c) Remote monitoring technology like satellites and drones reveals that there are illegal cattle ranching activities in the restricted area in the Brazilian Amazon. Refer to Table 5a, Figure 5b and Figure 5c. Discuss the effectiveness of remote monitoring technology in helping the Brazilian government to control deforestation in the Amazon.** ### **Section C** **Answer ANY ONE question from this section. Each question carries 12 marks.** 6. Describe and explain the housing problems in the inner city areas of Hong Kong. Discuss whether redevelopment can resolve the housing problems in the inner city areas of Hong Kong. 7. Account for the physical constraints faced by farmers in Southern California. Discuss whether water conservation measures adopted by the local farmers can alleviate these physical constraints in the long run. 8. Account for the increasing carbon dioxide emissions in the less developed countries since 1990. Discuss the effectiveness of using alternative energy in reducing the global carbon dioxide emissions.