Noun PDF

# Noun Noun is a Latin word. The English word for it is *Name* and the Hindi word is *naam*. Everything in the world that has a *name* is a *Noun*. ## Examples of Nouns - Ram - Shyam - Boy - Girl - Fan - Air - Bench - Love - Copy - Pen etc. ## Types of Nouns Based on the types of objects they r...

# Noun Noun is a Latin word. The English word for it is *Name* and the Hindi word is *naam*. Everything in the world that has a *name* is a *Noun*. ## Examples of Nouns - Ram - Shyam - Boy - Girl - Fan - Air - Bench - Love - Copy - Pen etc. ## Types of Nouns Based on the types of objects they represent, Nouns can be categorized into 5 main types: 1. **Proper Noun:** A Proper Noun is a name that distinguishes a specific person, place or thing from others of the same kind. It always starts with a capital letter. - **Examples:** - Ram - Avinash - Tajmahal - Bihar - Khagaria - Ramko - India - Asia, etc. 2. **Common Noun:** A Common Noun names general things, places or people. They don't refer to a specific item. - **Examples:** - Boy - Girl - Student - River - Village - Student - etc. 3. **Collective Noun:** A Collective Noun refers to a group of people, animals or things. - **Examples**: - Government - Parliament - Committee - Furniture - Scenery - Luggage - etc. 4. **Material Noun:** A Material Noun refers to the substance or material from which something is made. - **Examples:** - Iron - Copper - Silver - Dust - Milk - Water, etc. 5. **Abstract Noun:** An Abstract Noun refers to ideas, qualities or concepts that cannot be seen or touched. - **Examples**: - Love - Hate - Pain - Dream - Childhood - Luck - Honesty, etc. ## Number: Singular and Plural Nouns can be either singular or plural, depending on the number of things they represent. ### Singular Noun A singular noun refers to one *thing* or *person*. ### Plural Noun A plural noun refers to two or more *things* or *persons*. ### How to create the plural form of a noun: 1. Most nouns are made plural by adding **-s** or **-es** - **Examples:** - Pen - Pens - Car - Cars - Chair - Chairs - Table - Tables - Bulb - Bulbs - etc. 2. Some nouns add **-ies** to make their plural form. - **Examples:** - Baby - Babies - Berry - Berries - Cherry - Cherries - Lady - Ladies - etc. 3. Words ending in **-y** preceded by a consonant change the **-y** to **-ies** - **Examples:** - Bus - Buses - Class - Classes - Dish - Dishes - Torch - Torches - Box - Boxes - etc. 4. Words ending in **-y** preceded by a vowel just add **-s** - **Examples:** - Toy - Toys - Boy - Boys - Key - Keys - Day - Days - etc. 5. Words ending with **-f** or **-fe**, change the **-f** to **-ves** - **Examples:** - Wolf - Wolves - Thief - Thieves - Life - Lives - Knife - Knives - Leaf - Leaves - etc. 6. Words ending in **-o** have irregular plural formations - **Examples:** - Hero - Heroes - Potato - Potatoes - Tomato - Tomatoes - Mango - Mangoes - etc. 7. Words ending in **-o** preceded by a consonant add -es to form their plurals - **Examples:** - Bamboo - Bamboos - Portfolio - Portfolios - etc. 8. Words ending in **-x** add **-es** - **Examples:** - Box - Boxes - Fix - Fixes - etc. 9. Words ending in **-us** change the **-us** to **-i** - **Examples:** - Radius - Radii - Fungus - Fungi - Cactus - Cacti - etc. 10. Words ending in **-um** change the **-um** to **-a** - **Examples:** - Pendulum - Pendula - Bacterium - Bacteria - Dictum - Dicta - Medium - Media - etc. 11. Words ending in **-is** change the **-is** to **-es** - **Examples:** - Analysis - Analyses - Axis - Axes - Basis - Bases - Diagnosis - Diagnoses - etc. 12. Words ending in **-on** change the **-on** to **-a** - **Examples:** - Phenomenon - Phenomena - Criterion - Criteria - etc. 13. Words ending in **-a** add **-e** - **Examples:** - Formula - Formulae - Vertebra - Vertebrae - etc. ## Gender Gender refers to the sex of a noun, whether it is male, female or non-binary. ### Types of Gender: * **Masculine Gender:** Masculine gender refers to words that denote the male sex. For example: boy, man, king, uncle, etc. * **Feminine Gender:** Feminine gender refers to words that denote the female sex. For example: girl, woman, queen, aunt etc. * **Common Gender:** Common gender refers to words that can be used for both male and female sex. For example: doctor, teacher, engineer, student, minister, principle etc. * **Neuter gender:** Neuter gender refers to words that are neither male nor female. For example: child, rat, sheep, fan, etc. ## Countable and Uncountable Nouns **Countable Nouns:** Nouns that can be counted. **Uncountable Nouns:** Nouns that cannot be counted. ### Examples of Countable nouns: - Dog - Pen - Girl - Bucket - Boy - etc. ### Examples of Uncountable nouns: - Milk - Water - Sand - Rice - Pain - Heat - etc. ## Compound noun: A compound noun is a noun that is made up of two or more words. ### Types of Compound Nouns: 1. **Compound Noun with hyphen:** These nouns are joined together with a hyphen. - **Examples:** - Father-in-law - Mother-in-law - Notebook - etc. 2. **Compound Noun without hyphen:** These nouns are joined together without a hyphen. - **Examples:** - Father in law - Mother in law - Notebook - etc. ## Structure of Nouns Nouns can be categorized into two structures based on how they are formed. 1. **Single Noun:** A single noun consists of a single word. - **Examples:** - Boy - Girl - Water - Father - Book - Fan - etc. 2. **Compound Noun:** A compound noun is formed by combining two or more words. - **Examples:** - Father in law - Mother-in-law - Class-room - Spoonful - Passbook - etc. ## Nouns based on structure: 1. **Singular Noun:** This refers to one person or thing. - **Examples:** - Boy - Girl - Student - etc 2. **Plural Noun:** This refers to more than one person or thing. - Examples: - Boys - Girls - Students - etc.